From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Oct 14 21:56:57 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E51E443834 for ; Wed, 14 Oct 2020 21:56:57 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4CBR8S5ZwDz4VGY for ; Wed, 14 Oct 2020 21:56:56 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; c=relaxed/relaxed; q=dns/txt; t=1602712615; x=1605304615; h=content-transfer-encoding:content-type:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:message-id:subject:to:from:date:x-thread-info; bh=EnlXhh8IHIx8Vw/ZM+3pF3c6p0Tqyd8KWzEezglqf4A=; b=DhWYbx70Q90a65VmJlYYlPbBwzfcAfzbOjRvuaYZClYn9snBB2hrl8jfGeQPYCe7NvX2vum+6ooOjxn9FAGoOmGYhjWFmooEQixCi4V3HxiOgtl0AL+alo6r7UKqiZzRtj7Kmd5+es1lRwUsu+fAz8BN7wQSJLkGY3chxJH80mM= X-Thread-Info: NDI1MC45Mi4xZDRjNTAwMDM4NGE0ZDguZnJlZWJzZC1xdWVzdGlvbnM9ZnJlZWJzZC5vcmc= Received: from r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com (r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.189.1]) by mxsg2.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Wed, 14 Oct 2020 17:56:51 -0400 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Wed, 14 Oct 2020 17:57:07 -0400 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.94 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1kSolO-000E9g-KR for freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Wed, 14 Oct 2020 22:56:50 +0100 Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 22:56:50 +0100 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: A couple of questions about SSDs Message-Id: <20201014225650.9d8d32231a7d6a8e7b1acd28@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <20201014202206.7c7886d0@archlinux> References: <20201014121442.662e71c4@archlinux> <20201014174749.6df7572a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20201014202206.7c7886d0@archlinux> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4CBR8S5ZwDz4VGY X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=DhWYbx70; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.65 / 15.00]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.99)[-0.988]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[142.0.176.198:from]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.998]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[142.0.176.198:from]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.03)[0.031]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[steve@sohara.org,4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.82.1d4c5000384a4d8.7b5c53180c5a20207d11261cf3a16fa7@email-od.com]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.33 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 21:56:57 -0000 On Wed, 14 Oct 2020 20:22:06 +0200 Ralf Mardorf wrote: > As soon as I've got enough money again, I will get also more external > storage space. Maybe I'll continue using USB (/eSATA) enclosures, maybe > I'll get a swap bay. I've got no experiences with NAS. It seems to be > too expensive. However, a starting point would be to replace my 1 and 2 > TB external HDDs with 4 TB HDDs. The used enclosures are suitable for > HDDs up to 4 TB. A NAS is just a computer with a lot of storage serving it up over the network by NFS and/or SMB. A FreeBSD NAS is usually ZFS based with either mirrors (better performance, faster resilver) or some level of RAIDZ (better storage efficiency). No matter what level of redundancy in the NAS you still want a backup which adds up. I currently use a refurbished 1U server[1] with eight second hand 3.5" 2TB SAS drives[2] arranged as four mirrors for my NAS (it cost about £500 all in a couple of years ago) and an old Atom box with four hot swap SATA bays set up as a RAIDZ for the backup[3]. [1] Half the cores turned off and the clock locked to minimum brings the power consumption and fan noise down to sane levels while still being able to saturate the dual LAN from encrypted drives. [2] By data centre standards these are slow low power drives so they got used for nearline, backup and low load servers, they get very low usage before being retired by age policy. By home user standards they're fast high quality drives. One of the better storage bargains. [3] Yes the backup has less capacity than the main NAS, I'll need to worry about that in a few years time at current usage growth rates. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith