From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Dec 4 19:21:04 2018 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.ysv.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.ysv.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54E9E13185FB for ; Tue, 4 Dec 2018 19:21:04 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [217.72.192.73]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass DE-2" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 70B3D6DB41 for ; Tue, 4 Dec 2018 19:21:03 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([92.193.252.129]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue107 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1MNLZc-1grpXf3me2-00OnxI; Tue, 04 Dec 2018 20:20:50 +0100 Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2018 20:20:48 +0100 From: Polytropon To: Paul Schmehl Cc: Michael Schuster , freeBSD Mailing List Subject: Re: Files in / Message-Id: <20181204202048.4fa1086e.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: References: <66B63BE11669F00AA754FE87@Pauls-MacBook-Pro.local> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:OwEGoyMq5vTz3r6JSS/JE67zOIzVZZKrr/JUfeRN0SrAKYXNjF1 Kzscn1kcPoPQGhl66Dmw57UK6b1ZbBfn/ygeK1ZM68IN+y6IeDArNtWt78txbjTKqNh6jdY uthIGb5C3/EGPQVOMhCndL6FXaE5urysoFUAEN7lxluslI2sH7d5UidK/UFJB7IMA4inWDR eMAdNWazftAnJDSJJeomQ== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:k+WSE11PfJ4=:QaDE+KB0MS6sR5HzOYUkpC MKnCPHqkqYJAAqyl0c5L8E4z7z1WkKH9n11XwOrUzJq/HqxVV/JwtQVEfk6zPcDba6v7xz33z wkt+MSdIgv4nKqsntdjMwuEIjJBPpsdRbxdYsCL8uWBBMveqYrbW6S9lFMgyCiLx9GalX1+C3 /xSlebUJ1IyF6rQmW99xgPXL7ZgvNKujaDd01HBAm/Xvk/u4n23uzffrXe/7eRqaWyP8PIZIC 9XDKPO1CqGWEAH6eVnG1VvJv9xleYGs+TptUdx1Shk3Qb7Rv/6ElUFKs8EJQwEB2M4bUkZaz3 PsG1qYBn9lNe3COaHU0G+LzeuJleCrm8QReYj1wBIvksX8TtvHXJ5pC04q7KN3AbHgjl3ijtI lNZgOmz+Ql+SBjgalfq2VhXPkSczuucLRciiI6nIDHoGpXx54+DUc/MeIUjlqO017JExypfWD oNcPWHtv7aOIrUKM6kLBHPpi6mJSouYeI/lyF3Yt3ZVHC96lc+gjO75mUvcfa3TG7XK4hb1g5 gH/xLj30XmL3z3Rw33kktqCvyJcyJrieR8fcevbU9dQMq+AFbu6NGh1jxfTYu6uIqRLj80o+y 3T3VB/yzYnxcW3ZQpTgrQ9psTnkuM0yMffnBZ+v9ogLy/lvSvrUnMWd9kUUUWPhVjyusWy0/1 SMQ1HV83Y6mfI7Y/B0hFd4yaATwOxoCZ8vouLPxP58L6WdmCcY7y9KqjcVMWL4n83w4WkW27u PjtrXIz89ze3g6f8vOepEh4TIvBaszNznTDK5EpBt2w/KbrV9FafAF97MOU= X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 70B3D6DB41 X-Spamd-Result: default: False [1.52 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; MX_GOOD(-0.01)[cached: mx00.schlund.de]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[129.252.193.92.zen.spamhaus.org : 127.0.0.10]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:217.72.192.0/20, country:DE]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ipnet: 217.72.192.0/20(0.45), asn: 8560(0.01), country: DE(-0.01)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.87)[-0.871,0]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.78)[0.784,0]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.87)[-0.868,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[73.192.72.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; FREEMAIL_CC(0.00)[gmail.com] X-Rspamd-Server: mx1.freebsd.org X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 04 Dec 2018 19:21:04 -0000 On Tue, 04 Dec 2018 12:25:23 -0600, Paul Schmehl wrote: > --On December 4, 2018 at 9:43:06 AM +0100 Michael Schuster=20 > wrote: >=20 > > > > > > Paul, > > > > > > first, you show 'df' output of "/", whereas later on you only work with > > "/root" - there's probably other stuff in "/" that's not in "/root" - > > /etc comes to mind, /sbin ...=A0 > > >=20 > That's helpful. When I run ls on / I get this: >=20 > ls / .cshrc COPYRIGHT cdrom dist home media rescue sys var .profile bi= n=20 > compat entropy lib mnt root tmp .snap boot dev etc libexec proc sbin usr Except for formatting, this looks completely valid. > Since I have separate partitions for /var, /tmp, and /usr, that would mea= n=20 > everything not included under those would be part of the / partition? Correct. You can easily check with the command # mount which directories serve as a mountpoint for partitions. Everything else is on /. > I'm not sure I understand entropy. This file is part of the system's random number generator. See "man 4 random" as well as /etc/rc.d/initrandom and /etc/rc.d/random. > Using file, I can see that /home and=20 > /compat are symlinks, [...] That's usually true, but _can_ be different depending on installation. For example, on my home system, /home is an (initially empty) directory serving as a mountpoint for a second disk that contains the home directories. In your case, /home would also be on the /usr partition. > [...] but what is entropy? File says it's data. Correct. This file is being maintained by system scripts as mentioned above. > If I use find to get the directories directly under root, it returns this: >=20 > # find / -type d -maxdepth 1 > / > /.snap > /dev > /tmp > /usr > /var > /etc > /cdrom > /dist > /bin > /boot > /lib > /libexec > /media > /mnt > /proc > /rescue > /root > /sbin >=20 > So, I can eliminate /tmp, /usr, and /var, and the rest is in the root=20 > partition, correct? If they aren't mounted somewhere else (which would be the typical state, and can be verified with the "mount" or the "df" command), that's correct. You can use the following sh one-liner to check which directories at / serve as a mountpoint: $ for DIR in `find / -type d -maxdepth 1`; do mount -v | grep " on ${DIR} = " | cut -d '(' -f 1; done YOu should then only see the directories which are currently used as mountpoints. > It seems the most disk consumption is in /boot/ >=20 > # du -h /boot/ > 28K /boot/defaults > 2.0K /boot/firmware > 497M /boot/kernel > 2.0K /boot/modules > 2.0K /boot/zfs > 2.0K /boot/dtb > 91M /boot/kernel.old > 591M /boot/ >=20 > I can remove /boot/kernel.old, right? (I'm not sure I will. Just asking.) Basically yes, but then you won't be able to boot kernel.old. The kernel and the modules have grown in size over the years. The times where a 512 MB (or 256 MB) / partition would be sufficiently big are long gone. :-) --=20 Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...