From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Feb 15 06:53:51 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88A6D2510E5 for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 06:53:51 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au) Received: from hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au (hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au [203.41.22.115]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2560 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au", Issuer "Heuristic Systems Type 4 Host CA" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48KLZ52wN3z3NT9 for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 06:53:48 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au) Received: from [10.0.5.3] (noddy.hs [10.0.5.3]) (authenticated bits=0) by hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTPSA id 01F6pTcU083653 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Sat, 15 Feb 2020 17:51:30 +1100 (AEDT) (envelope-from dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=heuristicsystems.com.au; s=hsa; t=1581749490; x=1582354291; bh=pqJqltBao+RK817SqpIZVFqSfh9VmLExUKx1x2k/Nvw=; h=Subject:To:From:Message-ID:Date; b=SfJqB3o1eGauBOz762jQU29JNUePafzOEfGgzvMhZp3b4n7Q5WvIrge9EkbE1/yd3 iS2cbDUGTuG6dEfyjEdzWi6kIWfGwBq09RMOhs92oM6yiA34vL8cTusDGEAO1Uv51/ Nom3jel7voc514m8x0Xbuw7Mq5Bw80ghC8fDVL3eepiTwnL3sAjD8 X-Authentication-Warning: b3.hs: Host noddy.hs [10.0.5.3] claimed to be [10.0.5.3] Subject: Re: some questions about disk partitioning and filesystems and booting To: David Christensen , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200213150229.GC14144@bastion.zyxst.net> <091dd3af-7b99-267f-7d04-541b6d651926@holgerdanske.com> From: Dewayne Geraghty Autocrypt: addr=dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQFNBFbOsVMBCgDfvi2PspSwoMEtFhF+aFLQKtzSA9f0dhDqthKHESdfbqxvKzhkBjvTJ5Na EgjKoKfoQTh5xuIv3HLhtDo5PeasPgQl9cPJeriqmqlS+UhY5BGYcMc1AO/TX0fsDaQz96ko at3RUW7sff/qPgVzSurk+DV5h866gPdn5Jdjohyl2F1rzRl6dnaAIyg49zlwZOnPHJGKye+B meqUCnPRglhkpNqXR3v1ulbWpfwhdNDvWT82qTG/qsFy/agjJvxwLuEBeoGc1dPWasO8Nztt 0dqf1Lpeg6SX2yJd76WVS4znt88OEbx/QL2PTJ/YtSepS68WaeKuARKPukkU+QXDep0gaLPl /TvU5xAZndNB3rYnpmoLb32pDHlrJbZUVyTMqc3J2EYM6aaizCpg4VEvVpVSqUT4D9MuREhu PeZ3SvEazQARAQABiQF3BB8BCAAhBQJWzrFTFwyAAWHe5yZt8RJL0vaU1MfDto5dBmeFAgcA AAoJEJVk7a1LmFrdy2QJ/AysDdFIMCRiaqEellprZQyEz5I/qZJEi6yRfXH813hhISFz6moh urZYLQ9SRdyMntT8W3Oc4pJc9fF9RSnY0SSQY/arZbrvsv6hKb1KtIK7P5mLS914J9buxEcJ SWeVuOuMA9aCNqg5uMu19pH5pXayORfbv+K7vFPiyllZ64ShUWZJL69vAc/TsbvMrGtG1M4P qyWCOKEiUT93zhVGQoA0aUYjMAZoyvozZCuieo4O8hkPgMz9lka+3bqQBSOB+qO4Iz+CZs0k Lw7Soga6bRqLK86DH99WjTA6Oj1r8Won+j4V9fnTDCVJoSyqdVHLySDv/lHaNu4Ia4AO4i2d shmLw03gOUvoWLJx5X01A5Zio4FvecnpZqQ0Wz5Ph9MiK3lwarfjonTOLeNGd5BpdnHu5VRC fJml7uAYeyKsD8C4tCpEZXdheW5lIEdlcmFnaHR5IDxkZXdheW5lQGFtZGcuZXRvd25zLm9y Zz6JAYAEEwEIACoFAlbOsVcCGyELCwoNCQgMBwsDAgQIFQoJCAsDAgEFFgMCAQACHgECF4AA CgkQlWTtrUuYWt0L1QoAjsCVsMXXMmShfBg8sEpL/Yhe+mPjxHZQveAaAFzcYjvvjgYQbh1y FpNko+CYlm7HryG2GpUUYMr4rvAySTg2yka+mqLMmPX72srPTEhS1zhrYjKKwV+wKBfwIliP sVW6DLHqu2ETonwZiWErMKGx5upUxljZo9bup+EfFlMVStTbETzJw1UGC0ypaAA1p0GniF0J iUyDY7VzLUl+F5zH+E64W7VR1K7Fjx7dtBZSWvtYKubrVrys/eCfwLQdLYqx0zZu4qDTuAHa Xhc018mIQpLJ+NBjTk5xPPCFmV2d8GFMPbX0qeSOKIvFCXsqC0fPYyYOGX4I5u2JTWUCPuRa GcQ0R8uUh0cURN/Ui4SDa0w0z1ZLySh1oT+WgMN1OskZ9dbWl3J8rxOvTi4FnjSGactYAawK LbMKq8w8ghnhTuE= Message-ID: Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 17:50:34 +1100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.4.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <091dd3af-7b99-267f-7d04-541b6d651926@holgerdanske.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-GB Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48KLZ52wN3z3NT9 X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=fail (rsa verify failed) header.d=heuristicsystems.com.au header.s=hsa header.b=SfJqB3o1; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au designates 203.41.22.115 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.70 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_REJECT(1.00)[heuristicsystems.com.au:s=hsa]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; HAS_XAW(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[heuristicsystems.com.au]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[heuristicsystems.com.au:-]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED(-0.20)[115.22.41.203.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.4.2]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; IP_SCORE(-3.20)[ip: (-9.68), ipnet: 203.40.0.0/13(-4.07), asn: 1221(-2.27), country: AU(0.01)]; ASN(0.00)[asn:1221, ipnet:203.40.0.0/13, country:AU]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 06:53:51 -0000 David, Two small points: when using "glabel status" I can see both the glabel assigned label and the tunefs file system label on an MBR usb drive label/ss1 N/A da0s2d ufs/ss1 N/A da0s2d label/keys N/A da0s2e ufs/keys N/A da0s2e perhaps its an enhancement on my 12.1Stable system? :) In regard to running without swap and crashing, you may have overlooked setting: vm.swap_enabled=0 vm.nswapdev=0 (taken from a system without swap that's been running for a few years) My use of swap, like you, is limited to wanting a mini kernel dump, and using swap space for memory devices (mdconfig). Though I do have swap on another disk when I really need all of memory to be dumped, which has been about once in 10 years ;) Cheers.