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From: Sergey Kandaurov
Date: Sun, 2 Feb 2014 18:06:40 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43727 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook
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Author: pluknet
Date: Sun Feb 2 18:06:40 2014
New Revision: 43727
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43727
Log:
Fix typo.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Sat Feb 1 18:51:59 2014 (r43726)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Sun Feb 2 18:06:40 2014 (r43727)
@@ -5157,7 +5157,7 @@ PORTVERSION= 1.0
tree from WRKSRC to a target directory
under PREFIX. Note that
PREFIX, EXAMPLESDIR,
- DATADIR, and other path varialbes must
+ DATADIR, and other path variables must
always be prepended with STAGEDIR to
respect staging (see ).
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From: Warren Block
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 00:04:24 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43728 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup
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Author: wblock
Date: Mon Feb 3 00:04:24 2014
New Revision: 43728
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43728
Log:
Add description of "username" class to systemitem, sort classes
alphabetically.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Sun Feb 2 18:06:40 2014 (r43727)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:04:24 2014 (r43728)
@@ -1655,24 +1655,23 @@ This is the file called 'foo2'
- class="systemname"
+ class="domainname"
- With class="systemname"
- the marked up information is the simple hostname, such
- as freefall or
- wcarchive.
+ The text is a domain name, such as
+ FreeBSD.org or
+ ngo.org.uk. There is no hostname
+ component.
- class="domainname"
+ class="etheraddress"
- The text is a domain name, such as
- FreeBSD.org or
- ngo.org.uk. There is no hostname
- component.
+ The text is an Ethernet MAC
+ address, expressed as a series of 2 digit hexadecimal
+ numbers separated by colons.
@@ -1706,12 +1705,22 @@ This is the file called 'foo2'
- class="etheraddress"
+ class="systemname"
- The text is an Ethernet MAC
- address, expressed as a series of 2 digit hexadecimal
- numbers separated by colons.
+ With class="systemname"
+ the marked up information is the simple hostname, such
+ as freefall or
+ wcarchive.
+
+
+
+
+ class="username"
+
+
+ The text is a username, like
+ root.
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From: Warren Block
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 00:15:53 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43729 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup
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Author: wblock
Date: Mon Feb 3 00:15:53 2014
New Revision: 43729
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43729
Log:
Correct systemitem class to from ipaddr to ipaddress.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:04:24 2014 (r43728)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:15:53 2014 (r43729)
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ This is the file called 'foo2'
- class="ipaddr"
+ class="ipaddress"The text is an IP address,
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From: Warren Block
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 00:18:59 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43730 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup
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Author: wblock
Date: Mon Feb 3 00:18:59 2014
New Revision: 43730
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43730
Log:
Fix the literal example for .
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:15:53 2014 (r43729)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/docbook-markup/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:18:59 2014 (r43730)
@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ This is the file called 'foo2'
paraThe local machine can always be referred to by the
name systemitem class="systemname"localhostsystemitem, which will have the IP
- address systemitem class="ipaddr"127.0.0.1systemitem.para
+ address systemitem class="ipaddress"127.0.0.1systemitem.paraparaThe systemitem class="domainname"FreeBSD.orgsystemitem
domain contains a number of different hosts, including
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 3 03:39:03 2014
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From: Warren Block
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 03:39:03 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43731 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking
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Author: wblock
Date: Mon Feb 3 03:39:03 2014
New Revision: 43731
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43731
Log:
Restore tags in the wireless network section that were
lost in the DocBook 5 conversion.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 00:18:59 2014 (r43730)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 03:39:03 2014 (r43731)
@@ -1293,8 +1293,8 @@ wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNIN
after &man.wpa.supplicant.8; has authenticated the
station:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62
inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -1310,8 +1310,8 @@ wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNIN
default gateway and the nameserver also have to be
manually set:
- &prompt.root; route add default your_default_router
-&prompt.root; echo "nameserver your_DNS_server" >> /etc/resolv.conf
+ &prompt.root; route add default your_default_router
+&prompt.root; echo "nameserver your_DNS_server" >> /etc/resolv.conf
@@ -1679,9 +1679,9 @@ wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNIN
WEP can be set up using
&man.ifconfig.8;:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
- ssid my_net wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
+ ssid my_net wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012
@@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNIN
Then:
- &prompt.root; wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
+ &prompt.root; wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
Trying to associate with 00:13:46:49:41:76 (SSID='dlinkap' freq=2437 MHz)
Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76
@@ -1748,9 +1748,9 @@ Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76On A:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -1766,8 +1766,8 @@ Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76B should now be able to detect
A:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
SSID/MESH ID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
freebsdap 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac 2 54M -64:-96 100 IS WME
@@ -1776,8 +1776,8 @@ Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76B with a different IP
address:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62
inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -1821,8 +1821,8 @@ Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 list caps
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 list caps
drivercaps=6f85edc1<STA,FF,TURBOP,IBSS,HOSTAP,AHDEMO,TXPMGT,SHSLOT,SHPREAMBLE,MONITOR,MBSS,WPA1,WPA2,BURST,WME,WDS,BGSCAN,TXFRAG>
cryptocaps=1f<WEP,TKIP,AES,AES_CCM,TKIPMIC>
@@ -1838,18 +1838,18 @@ cryptocaps=1f<WEP,TKIP,AES,AES_CCM,TK
during the creation of the network pseudo-device, so a
previously created device must be destroyed first:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 destroy
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 destroythen regenerated with the correct option before setting
the other parameters:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1Use &man.ifconfig.8; again to see the status of the
wlan0 interface:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -1886,16 +1886,16 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="inet 192.16
a scan from another wireless machine to find the
AP:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
SSID/MESH ID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1 54M -66:-96 100 ES WMEThe client machine found the AP and
can be associated with it:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62
inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP SSID and
IP address:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
- ssid freebsdap wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012 mode 11g
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
+ ssid freebsdap wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012 mode 11g
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@ wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP From another wireless machine, it is now possible to
initiate a scan to find the AP:
- &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
-&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
+ &prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
+&prompt.root; ifconfig wlan0 up scan
SSID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1 54M 22:1 100 EPS
@@ -2181,7 +2181,7 @@ freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1
scanning for access points and the 802.11 protocol
handshakes required to arrange communication:
- &prompt.root; wlandebug -i ath0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc
+ &prompt.root; wlandebug -i ath0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc
net.wlan.0.debug: 0 => 0xc80000<assoc,auth,scan>Many useful statistics are maintained by
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From: Mathieu Arnold
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 15:30:15 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43733 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook
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Author: mat (ports committer)
Date: Mon Feb 3 15:30:15 2014
New Revision: 43733
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43733
Log:
Try and complete the missing USES that exist.
Sponsored by: Absolight
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/uses.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Mon Feb 3 09:09:52 2014 (r43732)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Mon Feb 3 15:30:15 2014 (r43733)
@@ -5854,6 +5854,36 @@ IGNORE= may not be redistributed because
+
+ Variables the Users can define for
+ cmake builds
+
+
+
+
+ Variable
+ Means
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMAKE_VERBOSE
+ Enable verbose build output. Default not set,
+ unless BATCH or
+ PACKAGE_BUILDING are set.
+
+
+
+ CMAKE_NOCOLOR
+ Disables colour build output. Default not set,
+ unless BATCH or
+ PACKAGE_BUILDING are set.
+
+
+
+
+
CMake supports the following
build profiles: Debug,
Release,
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/uses.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/uses.xml Mon Feb 3 09:09:52 2014 (r43732)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/uses.xml Mon Feb 3 15:30:15 2014 (r43733)
@@ -57,11 +57,14 @@
cmake
- (none), outsource
+ (none), outsource,
+ runUses CMake for configuring and
building. With the outsource argument, an
- out-of-source build will be performed. For more information see
+ out-of-source build will be performed. With the
+ run argument, a run-time dependency is
+ registered. For more information see
.
@@ -132,16 +135,6 @@
- desthack
-
- (none)
-
- Changes the behavior of GNU configure to properly support
- DESTDIR in case the original software does
- not.
-
-
-desktop-file-utils(none)
@@ -156,9 +149,19 @@
+ desthack
+
+ (none)
+
+ Changes the behavior of GNU configure to properly support
+ DESTDIR in case the original software does
+ not.
+
+
+display
- (none), ARGS
+ (none), ARGSSet up a virtual display environment. If the environment
variable DISPLAY is not set, then
@@ -241,15 +244,15 @@
gettext
- (none), lib, build,
- run
+ (none), lib (default),
+ build, runUses devel/gettext. By
default, with no arguments or with the lib
- argument, implies gettext with build-time and
- run-time dependencies. build implies a
- build-time dependency, and run implies a
- run-time dependency.
+ argument, implies a library dependency on
+ libintl.so. build and
+ run implies, respectively a build-time and a
+ run-time dependency on xgettext.
@@ -258,7 +261,9 @@
(none)Uses devel/gmake as a
- build-time dependency.
+ build-time dependency and sets up the environment to use
+ gmake as the default make
+ for the build.
@@ -283,10 +288,14 @@
imake
- (none)
+ (none), env,
+ notallUses devel/imake as
- build-time dependency.
+ build-time dependency. If the env argument is
+ given, only setup the environment and do not define any target.
+ If the notall argument is given does not pass
+ -a to xmkmf.
@@ -335,6 +344,15 @@
+ libtool
+
+ (none)
+
+ Patches libtool scripts. This should be
+ added to all ports that use libtool.
+
+
+lua(none), XY+, XY,
@@ -353,11 +371,11 @@
(none)
- Uses devel/open-motif as a
- library dependency. End users can set
+ Uses x11-toolkits/open-motif
+ as a library dependency. End users can set
WANT_LESSTIF for the dependency to be on
- devel/lesstif instead of
- devel/open-motif.
+ x11-toolkits/lesstif instead of
+ x11-toolkits/open-motif.
@@ -456,10 +474,29 @@
+ pgsql
+
+ (none), X.Y, X.Y+,
+ X.Y-
+
+
+ Provide support for PostgreSQL. Maintainer can set version
+ required. Minimum and maximum versions can be specified; e.g.,
+ 9.0-, 8.4+.
+
+ Add PostgreSQL component dependency, using
+ WANT_PGSQL=component[:target]. e.g.,
+ WANT_PGSQL=server:configure pltcl plperl For
+ the full list use make -V
+ _USE_PGSQL_DEP.
+
+
+
+pkgconfig
- (none), build, run,
- both
+ (none), build (default),
+ run, bothUses devel/pkgconf. With no
arguments or with the build argument, it
@@ -499,7 +536,8 @@
qmake
- (none), norecursive
+ (none), norecursive,
+ outsourceUses QMake for configuring. For
more information see .
@@ -508,11 +546,22 @@
readline
- (none), port
+ (none), portUses readline as library
dependency, and sets CPPFLAGS and
- LDFLAGS as necessary.
+ LDFLAGS as necessary. If the
+ port argument is used, force the use of
+ devel/readline
+
+
+
+ scons
+
+ (none)
+
+ Provide support for the use of
+ devel/scons
@@ -662,6 +711,39 @@
+ uniquefiles
+
+ (none), dirs
+
+
+ Make files or directories 'unique', by adding a prefix or suffix.
+ If the dirs argument is used, the port needs a
+ prefix (a only a prefix) based on UNIQUE_PREFIX
+ for standard directories DOCSDIR,
+ EXAMPLESDIR, DATADIR,
+ WWWDIR, ETCDIR. The
+ following variables are available for ports:
+
+ UNIQUE_PREFIX: The prefix to
+ be used for directories and files. Default:
+ ${PKGNAMEPREFIX}.
+
+ UNIQUE_PREFIX_FILES: A list
+ of files that need to be prefixed. Default:
+ empty.
+
+ UNIQUE_SUFFIX: The suffix to
+ be used for files. Default:
+ ${PKGNAMESUFFIX}.
+
+ UNIQUE_SUFFIX_FILES: A list
+ of files that need to be suffixed. Default:
+ empty.
+
+
+
+
+webplugin(none), ARGS
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Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 16:17:36 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43734 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/writing-style
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Author: wblock
Date: Mon Feb 3 16:17:35 2014
New Revision: 43734
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43734
Log:
Add sample markup for stdin, stdout, and stderr.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 15:30:15 2014 (r43733)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 16:17:35 2014 (r43734)
@@ -527,6 +527,21 @@ GB. Hardware compression …
+ stdin
+ varnamestdinvarname
+
+
+
+ stdout
+ varnamestdoutvarname
+
+
+
+ stderr
+ varnamestderrvarname
+
+
+ SubversionapplicationSubversionapplication
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 17:35:21 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43735 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng
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Author: gjb
Date: Mon Feb 3 17:35:21 2014
New Revision: 43735
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43735
Log:
releng/10.0 has been turned over to secteam.
Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Mon Feb 3 16:17:35 2014 (r43734)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Mon Feb 3 17:35:21 2014 (r43735)
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
releng/10.0
Frozen
-
&contact.re;
+
&contact.so;
FreeBSD 10.0 supported errata fix branch.
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From: Tom Rhodes
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 18:54:03 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43736 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics
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Author: trhodes
Date: Mon Feb 3 18:54:03 2014
New Revision: 43736
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43736
Log:
Add a small section on shell redirection and piping.
Fix two sentences to not start with a lower case command.
Reviewed by: bcr, wblock
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 17:35:21 2014 (r43735)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 18:54:03 2014 (r43736)
@@ -917,8 +917,8 @@ Other information:
- &man.chfn.1; and &man.chsh.1; are links to
- &man.chpass.1;, as are &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1;,
+ The commands &man.chfn.1; and &man.chsh.1; are links
+ to &man.chpass.1;, as are &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1;,
and &man.ypchsh.1;. Since NIS support
is automatic, specifying the yp before
the command is not necessary. How to configure NIS is
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ passwd: donepw
- &man.pw.8; is a command line utility to create, remove,
+ The &man.pw.8; utility can create, remove,
modify, and display users and groups. It functions as a
front end to the system user and group files. &man.pw.8;
has a very powerful set of command line options that make it
@@ -3432,6 +3432,80 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free
Then, rerun &man.chsh.1;.
+
+
+
+ Advanced Shell Techniques
+
+
+
+
+ Tom
+ Rhodes
+
+ Written by
+
+
+
+
+ The &unix; shell is not just a command interpreter, it
+ acts as a powerful tool which allows users to execute commands,
+ redirect their output, redirect their input and chain commands
+ together to improve the final command output. When this functionality
+ is mixed with built in commands, the user is provided with
+ an environment that can maximize efficiency.
+
+ Shell redirection is the action of sending the output
+ or the input of a command into another command or into a
+ file. To capture the output of the &man.ls.1; command, for
+ example, into a file, simply redirect the output:
+
+ &prompt.user; ls > directory_listing.txt
+
+ The directory_listing.txt file will
+ now contain the directory contents. Some commands allow you
+ to read input in a similar one, such as &man.sort.1;. To sort
+ this listing, redirect the input:
+
+ &prompt.user; sort < directory_listing.txt
+
+ The input will be sorted and placed on the screen. To
+ redirect that input into another file, one could redirect
+ the output of &man.sort.1; by mixing the direction:
+
+ &prompt.user; sort < directory_listing.txt > sorted.txt
+
+ In all of the previous examples, the commands are performing
+ redirection using file descriptors. Every unix system has file
+ descriptors; however, here we will focus on three, so named as
+ Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error. Each one
+ has a purpose, where input could be a keyboard or a mouse,
+ something that provides input. Output could be a screen or
+ paper in a printer for example. And error would be anything
+ that is used for diagnostic or error messages. All three
+ are considered I/O based file descriptors
+ and sometimes considered streams.
+
+ Through the use of these descriptors, short named
+ stdin, stdout, and stderr, the shell allows output and
+ input to be passed around through various commands and
+ redirected to or from a file. Another method of redirection
+ is the pipe operator.
+
+ The &unix; pipe operator, | allows the
+ output of one command to be directly passed, or directed
+ to another program. Basically a pipe will allow the
+ standard output of a command to be passed as standard
+ input to another command, for example:
+
+ &prompt.user; cat directory_listing.txt | sort | less
+
+ In that example, the contents of
+ directory_listing.txt will be sorted and
+ the output passed to &man.less.1;. This allows the user
+ to scroll through the output at their own pace and prevent
+ it from scrolling off the screen.
+
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From: Rene Ladan
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 19:42:21 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43737 - head/share/pgpkeys
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Author: rene
Date: Mon Feb 3 19:42:21 2014
New Revision: 43737
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43737
Log:
Replace kwm's key with a new one, signed with my key and verified in person.
Modified:
head/share/pgpkeys/kwm.key
Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/kwm.key
==============================================================================
--- head/share/pgpkeys/kwm.key Mon Feb 3 18:54:03 2014 (r43736)
+++ head/share/pgpkeys/kwm.key Mon Feb 3 19:42:21 2014 (r43737)
@@ -1,39 +1,100 @@
- Key fingerprint = C66F 1835 0548 3440 8576 0FFE 6879 B7CD F954 26DA
-uid Koop Mast
-sub 1024g/A782EEDD 2004-09-10
+pub 4096R/BF4E2D5B3B9D8847 2014-01-31 [expires: 2016-01-31]
+ Key fingerprint = F986 EDE2 B3EC 4098 7820 E1D7 BF4E 2D5B 3B9D 8847
+uid Koop Mast
+uid Koop Mast
+sub 4096R/19C3701D1BE7F671 2014-01-31 [expires: 2016-01-31]
+
]]>
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 3 20:29:27 2014
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From: Adam Weinberger
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 20:29:26 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43738 - head/share/pgpkeys
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Author: adamw (ports committer)
Date: Mon Feb 3 20:29:26 2014
New Revision: 43738
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43738
Log:
Correctly generate a usable PGP key, using wblock's excellent guide.
Modified:
head/share/pgpkeys/adamw.key
Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/adamw.key
==============================================================================
--- head/share/pgpkeys/adamw.key Mon Feb 3 19:42:21 2014 (r43737)
+++ head/share/pgpkeys/adamw.key Mon Feb 3 20:29:26 2014 (r43738)
@@ -1,55 +1,51 @@
-uid Adam Weinberger (adamw.org)
-sub 2048g/9C6D0E30 2012-11-15
+pub 2048R/1CCD0A5830E59D2B 2014-02-03 [expires: 2017-02-02]
+ Key fingerprint = F95F 60DB 115C EA59 2FED E1FB 1CCD 0A58 30E5 9D2B
+uid Adam Weinberger
+uid Adam Weinberger
+sub 2048R/92C1C8A42BDE2CCE 2014-02-03 [expires: 2017-02-02]
+
]]>
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 3 20:34:30 2014
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From: Rene Ladan
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 20:34:30 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43739 - head/share/pgpkeys
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Author: rene
Date: Mon Feb 3 20:34:30 2014
New Revision: 43739
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43739
Log:
kwm signed my key as well, so update it.
Modified:
head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key
Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key
==============================================================================
--- head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key Mon Feb 3 20:29:26 2014 (r43738)
+++ head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key Mon Feb 3 20:34:30 2014 (r43739)
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+kOboDYO+KLfqMaN5TrVboNpLsguoy92NJSc7r55S5RjwPKAdD9IefE7WYKn87Poq
+Ed39iGD6Mzo=
+=aOqd
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
]]>
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 21:47:48 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43740 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers
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Author: dru
Date: Mon Feb 3 21:47:48 2014
New Revision: 43740
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43740
Log:
Remove ntpdate.
Re-clarify servers' response section.
Submitted by: bjk, imp
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 20:34:30 2014 (r43739)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 21:47:48 2014 (r43740)
@@ -5266,31 +5266,18 @@ Starting smbd.NTPntp.conf
- ntpdate
- To only synchronize the clock when a system boots, use
- &man.ntpdate.8;. This alone can be appropriate for desktops
- which are frequently rebooted. However, most systems should
- run ntpdate at boot time as well as
- configure ntpd. This is because
- ntpd changes the clock gradually,
- whereas ntpdate sets the clock, no
- matter how great the difference between a machine's current
- clock setting and the correct time.
-
- To enable ntpdate at boot time,
- add ntpdate_enable="YES" to
- /etc/rc.conf. To also enable
- ntpd, add the
- ntpd_enable="YES" entry to
+ On &os;, the built-in ntpd can
+ be used to synchronize a system's clock. To enable ntpd at boot time,
+ add ntpd_enable="YES" to
/etc/rc.conf. Additional variables can
be specified in /etc/rc.conf. Refer to
- &man.rc.conf.5;, &man.ntpdate.8;, and &man.ntpd.8; for
+ &man.rc.conf.5; and &man.ntpd.8; for
details.
- Both applications read /etc/ntp.conf
- to determine which servers to query. Here is a simple example
+ This application reads /etc/ntp.conf
+ to determine which NTP servers to query. Here is a simple example
of an /etc/ntp.conf:
@@ -5309,7 +5296,7 @@ driftfile /var/db/ntp.driftprefer, that server is
preferred over other servers. A response from a preferred
server will be discarded if it differs significantly from
- responses; otherwise it will be used. The
+ other servers' responses; otherwise it will be used. The
prefer argument should only be used for
NTP servers that are known to be highly
accurate, such as those with special time monitoring
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 3 21:50:25 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 21:50:24 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43741 -
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers
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Author: dru
Date: Mon Feb 3 21:50:24 2014
New Revision: 43741
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43741
Log:
Whitespace fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 21:47:48 2014 (r43740)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml Mon Feb 3 21:50:24 2014 (r43741)
@@ -5269,16 +5269,18 @@ Starting smbd.On &os;, the built-in ntpd can
- be used to synchronize a system's clock. To enable ntpd at boot time,
- add ntpd_enable="YES" to
+ be used to synchronize a system's clock. To enable
+ ntpd at boot time, add
+ ntpd_enable="YES" to
/etc/rc.conf. Additional variables can
be specified in /etc/rc.conf. Refer to
&man.rc.conf.5; and &man.ntpd.8; for
details.This application reads /etc/ntp.conf
- to determine which NTP servers to query. Here is a simple example
- of an /etc/ntp.conf:
+ to determine which NTP servers to query.
+ Here is a simple example of an
+ /etc/ntp.conf:
Sample /etc/ntp.conf
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 3 22:01:03 2014
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From: Sergey Kandaurov
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 22:01:00 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43742 - in head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs: releases/10.0R
releases/6.4R releases/7.1R releases/7.2R releases/7.3R releases/7.4R
releases/8.0R releases/8.1R releases/8.2R releases/9.0R rel...
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Author: pluknet
Date: Mon Feb 3 22:01:00 2014
New Revision: 43742
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43742
Log:
Update links with MFC glossary anchor.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/6.4R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/7.1R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/7.2R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/7.3R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/7.4R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/8.0R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/8.1R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/8.2R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/9.0R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/9.1R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/9.2R/schedule.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml Mon Feb 3 21:50:24 2014 (r43741)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml Mon Feb 3 22:01:00 2014 (r43742)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the release engineering process or
quality assurance issues should be sent to the public
freebsd-qa mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the release engineering process or
quality assurance issues should be sent to the public
freebsd-qa mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to &contact.re;.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-current mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-current mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be
sent to the public
freebsd-stable mailing list.
- MFC
+ MFC
requests should be sent to
re@FreeBSD.org.
The primary release engineering team is responsible for approving
- MFC
+ MFC
requests during code freezes, setting release schedules, and all of
the other responsibilities laid out in our charter.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 00:16:13 2014
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Message-Id: <201402040016.s140GDO5061924@svn.freebsd.org>
From: Ryan Steinmetz
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 00:16:13 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43743 - head/share/pgpkeys
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X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 04 Feb 2014 00:16:13 -0000
Author: zi (ports committer)
Date: Tue Feb 4 00:16:12 2014
New Revision: 43743
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43743
Log:
- Update my PGP key
Modified:
head/share/pgpkeys/zi.key (contents, props changed)
Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/zi.key
==============================================================================
--- head/share/pgpkeys/zi.key Mon Feb 3 22:01:00 2014 (r43742)
+++ head/share/pgpkeys/zi.key Tue Feb 4 00:16:12 2014 (r43743)
@@ -1,80 +1,64 @@
-uid Ryan Steinmetz
-uid Ryan Steinmetz
-sub 1024g/058BC057 2004-01-21
-sub 4096g/0EB108D2 2006-02-27
-sub 1024D/FEF36DD7 2006-02-27
+pub 2048R/1EF8BA6BD02846D7 2014-02-03 [expires: 2019-02-02]
+ Key fingerprint = 9079 51A3 34EF 0CD4 F228 EDC6 1EF8 BA6B D028 46D7
+uid Ryan Steinmetz
+uid Ryan Steinmetz
+uid Ryan Steinmetz
+sub 2048R/A8A08AA9D827E5F8 2014-02-03 [expires: 2019-02-02]
+
]]>
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From: Tom Rhodes
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 00:31:28 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43744 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security
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Author: trhodes
Date: Tue Feb 4 00:31:27 2014
New Revision: 43744
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43744
Log:
Rewrite the front of the security section. This version
adds a small discussion on using sudo, shows and example
of using an IDS rather than just discussing what they are,
update of threats, discussion on rootkits and back doors,
adds more sysctls and more.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 00:16:12 2014 (r43743)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 00:31:27 2014 (r43744)
@@ -7,8 +7,13 @@
Security
- MatthewDillonMuch of this chapter has been taken from the
- security(7) manual page by
+
+
+ Tom
+ Rhodes
+
+ Rewritten by
+
@@ -19,17 +24,17 @@
Synopsis
- This chapter provides a basic introduction to system
- security concepts, some general good rules of thumb, and some
- advanced topics under &os;. Many of the topics covered here
- can be applied to system and Internet security in general.
- Securing a system is imperative to protect data, intellectual
- property, time, and much more from the hands of hackers and the
- like.
-
- &os; provides an array of utilities and mechanisms to
- protect the integrity and security of the system and
- network.
+ Security, whether physical or virtual, is a topic
+ so broad that an entire industry has grown up around it.
+ Hundreds of standard practices have been authored about
+ how to secure systems and networks, and as a user of &os;,
+ understanding how to protect against attacks and intruders
+ is a must.
+
+ In this chapter, several fundamentals and techniques will
+ be discussed. The &os; system comes with multiple layers of
+ security, and many more third party utilities may be added to
+ enhance security.After reading this chapter, you will know:
@@ -108,341 +113,357 @@
Introduction
- Security is a function that begins and ends with the system
- administrator. While &os; provides some inherent security, the
- job of configuring and maintaining additional security
- mechanisms is probably one of the single largest undertakings of
- the sysadmin.
-
- System security also pertains to dealing with various forms
- of attack, including attacks that attempt to crash, or otherwise
- make a system unusable, but do not attempt to compromise the
- root account. Security concerns can be
- split up into several categories:
-
-
-
- Denial of service attacks.
-
-
-
- User account compromises.
-
-
-
- Root compromise through accessible services.
-
-
-
- Root compromise via user accounts.
-
-
-
- Backdoor creation.
-
-
-
-
- DoS attacks
- Denial of Service (DoS)
-
-
- security
- DoS attacks
- Denial of Service (DoS)
-
- Denial of Service (DoS)
-
- A Denial of Service DoS attack is an
- action that deprives the machine of needed resources.
- Typically, DoS attacks are brute-force
- mechanisms that attempt to crash or otherwise make a machine
- unusable by overwhelming its services or network stack. Attacks
- on servers can often be fixed by properly specifying options to
- limit the load the servers incur on the system under adverse
- conditions. Brute-force network attacks are harder to deal
- with. This type of attack may not be able to take the machine
- down, but it can saturate the Internet connection.
-
-
- security
- account compromises
-
-
- A user account compromise is more common than a
- DoS attack. Many sysadmins still run
- unencrypted services, meaning that users logging into the
- system from a remote location are vulnerable to having their
- password sniffed. The attentive sysadmin analyzes the remote
- access logs looking for suspicious source addresses and
- suspicious logins.
-
- In a well secured and maintained system, access to a user
- account does not necessarily give the attacker access to
- root. Without root
- access, the attacker cannot generally hide his tracks and may,
- at best, be able to do nothing more than mess with the user's
- files or crash the machine. User account compromises are common
- because users tend not to take the precautions that sysadmins
- take.
-
-
- security
- backdoors
-
-
- There are potentially many ways to break
- root: the attacker may know the
- root password, the attacker may exploit a
- bug in a service which runs as root, or the
- attacker may know of a bug in a SUID-root program. An attacker
- may utilize a program known as a backdoor to search for
- vulnerable systems, take advantage of unpatched exploits to
- access a system, and hide traces of illegal activity.
-
- Security remedies should always be implemented with a
- multi-layered onion peel approach and can be
- categorized as follows:
-
-
-
- Secure root and staff
- accounts.
-
-
-
- Secure root–run servers
- and SUID/SGID binaries.
-
-
-
- Secure user accounts.
-
-
-
- Secure the password file.
-
-
-
- Secure the kernel core, raw devices, and
- filesystems.
-
-
-
- Quick detection of inappropriate changes made to the
- system.
-
-
-
- Paranoia.
-
-
-
- The next section covers these items in greater depth.
-
-
-
- Securing &os;
-
-
- security
- securing &os;
-
-
- This section describes methods for securing a &os; system
- against the attacks that were mentioned in the previous section.
+ Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point
+ in any system could allow intruders to gain access to critical
+ information and cause havoc on an entire network. In most
+ security training, they discuss the security triad
+ CIA which stands for the confidentiality,
+ integrity, and availability of information systems.
+
+ The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of
+ computer security, customers and end users expect privacy
+ of their data. They expect orders they place to not be changed
+ or their information altered behind the scenes. They also expect
+ access to information at all times. Together they make up the
+ confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the
+ system.
-
- Securing the root Account
+ To protect CIA, security professionals
+ apply a defense in depth strategy. The idea of defense in
+ depth is to add several layers of security to prevent one single
+ layer failing and the entire security system collapsing. A
+ systems administrator cannot simply turn on a firewall and
+ consider the network or system secure, they must audit accounts,
+ check the integrity of binaries, and ensure malicious tools are
+ not installed. To do this, they must understand what the
+ threats are.
+
+
+ Threats
+
+ What is a threat as pertaining to computer security? For
+ years it was assumed that threats are remote attackers, people
+ whom will attempt to access the system without permission, from
+ a remote location. In today's world, this definition has been
+ expanded to include employees, malicious software, rogue
+ network devices, natural disasters, security vulnerabilities,
+ and even competing corporations.
+
+ Every day thousands of systems and networks are attacked and
+ several hundred are accessed without permission. Sometimes
+ by simple accident, others by remote attackers, and in some
+ cases, corporate espionage or former employees. As a system
+ user, it is important to prepare for and admit when a mistake
+ has lead to a security breach and report possible issues to
+ the security team. As an administrator, it is important to
+ know of the threats and be prepared to mitigate them.
+
+
+
+ A Ground Up Approach
+
+ In security, it is sometimes best to take a ground up
+ approach, whereas the administrator begins with the basic
+ accounts, system configuration, and then begins to work with
+ third party utilities and work up to the network layer. It
+ is in these latter configuration aspects that system policy
+ and procedures should take place.
+
+ Many places of business already have a security policy that
+ covers the configuration technology devices in use. They
+ should contain, at minimal, the security configuration of end
+ user workstations and desktops, mobile devices such as phones
+ and laptops, and both production and development servers. In
+ many cases, when applying computer security, standard operating
+ procedures (SOPs) already exist. When in
+ doubt, ask the security team.
+
+
+
+ System and User Accounts
+
+ In securing a system, the best starting point is auditing
+ accounts. Ensure that the root account has a strong password,
+ disable accounts that do not need shell access, for users who
+ need to augment their privileges, install the
+ security/sudo and only allow them access
+ to applications they need. The root user password should
+ never be shared.
-
- &man.su.1;
-
-
- Most
- systems have a password assigned to the
- root account. Assume that this password
- is always at risk of being compromised.
- This does not mean that the password should be disabled as the
- password is almost always necessary for console access to the
- machine. However, it should not be possible to use this
- password outside of the console or possibly even with
- &man.su.1;. For example, setting the entries in
- /etc/ttys to insecure
- prevents root logins to the specified
- terminals. In &os;, root logins using
- &man.ssh.1; are disabled by default as
- PermitRootLogin is set to
- no in
- /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Consider every
- access method as services such as FTP often fall through the
- cracks. Direct root logins should only
- be allowed via the system console.
-
-
- wheel
-
-
- Since a sysadmin needs access to
- root, additional password verification
- should be configured. One method is to add appropriate user
- accounts to wheel in
- /etc/group. Members of
- wheel are allowed to &man.su.1; to
- root. Only those users who actually need
- to have root access should be placed in
- wheel. When using Kerberos for
- authentication, create a .k5login in
- the home directory of root to allow
- &man.ksu.1; to be used without having to place anyone in
- wheel.
-
- To lock an account completely, use &man.pw.8;:
-
- &prompt.root; pw lock staff
-
- This will prevent the specified user from logging in using
- any mechanism, including &man.ssh.1;.
-
- Another method of blocking access to accounts would be to
- replace the encrypted password with a single
- * character. This character
- would never match the encrypted password and thus blocks user
- access. For example, the entry for the following
+ To deny access to accounts, two methods exist. The first
+ one is to lock an account, for example, to lock the toor
account:
- foobar:R9DT/Fa1/LV9U:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
+ &prompt.root; pw lock toor
- could be changed to this using &man.vipw.8;:
+ This command will change the account from this
+ toor:*:0:0::0:0:Bourne-again Superuser:/root:
+ to toor:*LOCKED**:0:0::0:0:Bourne-again
+ Superuser:/root:
+
+ In some cases, this is not possible, perhaps because of
+ an additional service. In those cases, login access
+ could be prevented by changing the shell to /sbin/nologin
+ like in this example:
- foobar:*:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
+ &prompt.root; chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor
- This prevents foobar from logging in
- using conventional methods. This method for access
- restriction is flawed on sites using
- Kerberos or in situations where the
- user has set up keys with &man.ssh.1;.
-
- These security mechanisms assume that users are logging
- in from a more restrictive server to a less restrictive
- server. For example, if the server is running network
- services, the workstation should not be running any. In
- order for a workstation to be reasonably secure, run zero or
- as few services as possible and run a password-protected
- screensaver. Of course, given physical access to any system,
- an attacker can break any sort of security. Fortunately,
- many break-ins occur remotely, over a network, from people who
- do not have physical access to the system.
-
- Using Kerberos provides the ability to disable or change
- the password for a user in one place, and have it immediately
- affect all the machines on which the user has an account. If
- an account is compromised, the ability to instantly change the
- associated password on all machines should not be underrated.
- Additional restrictions can be imposed with Kerberos: a
- Kerberos ticket can be configured to timeout and the Kerberos
- system can require that the user choose a new password after a
- configurable period of time.
-
-
-
- Securing Root-run Servers and SUID/SGID Binaries
-
-
- sandboxes
-
-
- &man.sshd.8;
-
-
- The prudent sysadmin only enables required services and is
- aware that third party servers are often the most bug-prone.
- Never run a server that has not been checked out carefully.
- Think twice before running any service as
- root as many daemons can be run as a
- separate service account or can be started in a
- sandbox. Do not activate insecure
- services such as &man.telnetd.8; or &man.rlogind.8;.
-
- Another potential security hole is SUID-root and SGID
- binaries. Most of these binaries, such as &man.rlogin.1;,
- reside in /bin,
- /sbin, /usr/bin, or /usr/sbin. While nothing is
- 100% safe, the system-default SUID and SGID binaries can be
- considered reasonably safe. It is recommended to restrict
- SUID binaries to a special group that only staff can access,
- and to delete any unused SUID binaries. SGID binaries can be
- almost as dangerous. If an intruder can break an SGID-kmem
- binary, the intruder might be able to read
- /dev/kmem and thus read the encrypted
- password file, potentially compromising user accounts.
- Alternatively, an intruder who breaks group
- kmem can monitor keystrokes sent through
- ptys, including ptys used by users who login through secure
- methods. An intruder that breaks the
- tty group can write to almost any
- user's tty. If a user is running a terminal program or
- emulator with a keyboard-simulation feature, the intruder can
- potentially generate a data stream that causes the user's
- terminal to echo a command, which is then run as that
- user.
-
-
-
- Securing User Accounts
-
- User accounts are usually the most difficult to secure.
- Be vigilant in the monitoring of user accounts. Use of
- &man.ssh.1; and Kerberos for user accounts requires extra
- administration and technical support, but provides a good
- solution compared to an encrypted password file.
-
-
-
- Securing the Password File
+
+ Only super users are able to change the shell for
+ other users. Attempting to perform this as a regular user
+ will fail.
+
- The only sure fire way is to star out as many passwords as
- possible and use &man.ssh.1; or Kerberos for access to those
- accounts. Even though the encrypted password file
- (/etc/spwd.db) can only be read by
- root, it may be possible for an intruder
- to obtain read access to that file even if the attacker cannot
- obtain root-write access.
+ The account structure will now look like this, with
+ the nologin shell as the last entry:
- Security scripts should be used to check for and report
- changes to the password file as described in the Checking file integrity
- section.
-
-
-
- Securing the Kernel Core, Raw Devices, and
- Filesystems
+ toor:*:0:0::0:0:Bourne-again Superuser:/root:/usr/sbin/nologin
- Most modern kernels have a packet sniffing device driver
- built in. Under &os; it is called
- bpf. This device is needed for DHCP,
- but can be removed in the custom kernel configuration file of
- systems that do not provide or use DHCP.
+ The /usr/sbin/nologin shell will block
+ the &man.login.1; command from assigning a shell to this
+ user.
+
-
- &man.sysctl.8;
-
+
+ Permitted Account Escalation
- Even if bpf is disabled,
- /dev/mem and
- /dev/kmem are still problematic. An
- intruder can still write to raw disk devices. An enterprising
- intruder can use &man.kldload.8; to install his own
- bpf, or another sniffing device, on a
- running kernel. To avoid these problems, run the kernel at a
- higher security level, at least security level 1.
+ In some cases, system administration access needs to
+ be shared with other users. &os; has two methods to
+ handle this. The first one, which is not recommended,
+ is a shared root password and adding users to the
+ wheel group.
+ To achieve this, edit the /etc/group
+ and add the user to the end of the first group. This
+ user must be separated by a comma character.
+
+ The correct way to permit this privilege escalation is
+ using the security/sudo port which will
+ provide additional auditing, more fine grained user
+ control, and even lock users into running only single,
+ privileged commands such as &man.service.8;
+
+ After installation, edit the
+ /usr/local/etc/sudoers file by using
+ the visudo interface. In this example,
+ a new webadmin group will be added, the user
+ trhodes to that
+ group, and then give the user
+ access to restart apache24, the following
+ procedure may be followed:
+
+ &prompt.root; pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000
+
+ &prompt.root; visudo
+
+ %webadmin ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service apache24 *
+
+ The security/sudo provides an
+ invaluable resource when it comes to local user management.
+ It is also possible to not require passwords and just default
+ to the &man.ssh.1; key method. To disable password login
+ via &man.sshd.8; and only use local passwords for
+ sudo, see .
+
+
+
+ Passwords
+
+ Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. In the cases
+ they must be used, not only should the password be extremely
+ complex, but also use a powerful hash mechanism to protect it.
+ At the time of this writing, &os; supports
+ DES, MD5, Blowfish,
+ SHA256, and SHA512 in
+ the crypt() library. The default is
+ SHA512 and should not be changed backwards;
+ however, some users like to use the Blowfish option. Each
+ mechanism, aside from DES, has a unique
+ beginning to designate the hash mechanism assigned. For the
+ MD5 mechanism, the symbol is a
+ $ sign. For the SHA256 or
+ SHA512, the symbol is $6$
+ and Blowfish uses $2a$. Any weaker passwords
+ should be re-hashed by asking the user to run &man.passwd.1;
+ during their next login.
- The security level of the kernel can be set in a variety
- of ways. The simplest way of raising the security level of a
- running kernel is to set
- kern.securelevel:
+
+ At the time of this writing, Blowfish is not part of
+ AES nor is it considered compliant
+ with any FIPS (Federal Information
+ Processing Standards) standard and it's use may not be
+ permitted in some environments.
+
- &prompt.root; sysctl kern.securelevel=1
+ For any system connected to the network, two factor
+ authentication should be used. This is normally considered
+ something you have and something you know. With
+ OpenSSH being part of the &os;
+ base system and the use of ssh-keys being available for some
+ time, all network logins should avoid the use of passwords in
+ exchange for this two factor authentication method. For
+ more information see the section of
+ the handbook. Kerberose users may need to make additional
+ changes to implement OpenSSH in
+ their network.
+
+
+
+ Backdoors and Rootkits
+
+ Backdoors and rootkits are only a threat after they have
+ been installed. Once installed, this malicious software will
+ normally open up another avenue of entry for an attacker.
+ Realistically, once a system has been compromised, and an
+ investigation has been performed, it should be erased. There
+ is tremendous risk that even the most prudent security or
+ systems engineer will miss something an attacker left
+ behind.
+
+ A backdoor or rootkit software does do one thing useful
+ for administrators - once detected, it is a sign that a
+ compromise happened at some point. But normally these types
+ types of applications are hidden very well. Tools do exist
+ to detect backdoors and rootkits, one of them is
+ security/rkhunter.
+
+ After installation the system may be checked using the
+ following command which will produce a lot of
+ information:
+
+ &prompt.root; rkhunter -c
+
+ After the process complete, which will require some manual
+ pressing of the ENTER key, a status message
+ will be printed to the screen. This message will include the
+ amount of files checked, suspect files, possible rootkits,
+ and more. During the check, some generic security warnings may
+ be produced about hidden files, the
+ OpenSSH protocol selection, and
+ occasionally known vulnerable versions of installed software.
+ These can be handled now or later after a more detailed
+ analysis has been performed.
+
+ Every administrator should know what is running on the
+ systems they are responsible for. Using tools like
+ rkhunter,
+ lsof and native commands such
+ as &man.netstat.1; and &man.ps.1; can show a great deal of
+ information on the system. Take notes on what is normal,
+ ask questions when something seems out of place and be
+ paranoid. And remember, preventing a compromise is ideal
+ but detecting a compromise is a must.
+
+
+
+ Binary Verification
+
+ Verification of system files and binaries is important
+ because it provides the system administration and security
+ team with information about system changes. In any system,
+ no internal command or application should change without
+ the system admin team knowing. A software application that
+ monitors the system for changes is called an Intrusion
+ Detection System or IDS.
+
+ &os; provides native support for a basic
+ IDS system. In fact, as part of the nightly
+ &man.periodic.8; security emails will notify an administrator
+ of changes. Since the information is stored locally, there is
+ a change a malicious user could modify and spoof
+ the information. As such, it is recommended to create a
+ separate set of binary signatures and store them on a read
+ only, root owned directory or, preferably, off system such
+ as a USB disk or
+ rsync server.
+
+ To being, a seed needs to be generated. This is a numeric
+ constant that will be used as to help generate the hash values
+ and to check the hash values. Lacking this seed value will make
+ faking or checking the checksum values of files difficult it not
+ impossible. In the following example, the key will be passed
+ with the flag. First, generate a set of
+ hashes and checksums for /bin using the
+ following command:
+
+ &prompt.root; mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > bin_chksum_mtree
+
+ This should have produced something similar to:
+
+ &prompt.root; mtree: /bin checksum: 3427012225
+
+ Viewing the bin_cksum_mtree file
+ should yield output similar to the following as well:
+
+ # user: root
+# machine: dreadnaught
+# tree: /bin
+# date: Mon Feb 3 10:19:53 2014
+
+# .
+/set type=file uid=0 gid=0 mode=0555 nlink=1 flags=none
+. type=dir mode=0755 nlink=2 size=1024 \
+ time=1380277977.000000000
+ \133 nlink=2 size=11704 time=1380277977.000000000 \
+ cksum=484492447 \
+ sha256digest=6207490fbdb5ed1904441fbfa941279055c3e24d3a4049aeb45094596400662a
+ cat size=12096 time=1380277975.000000000 cksum=3909216944 \
+ sha256digest=65ea347b9418760b247ab10244f47a7ca2a569c9836d77f074e7a306900c1e69
+ chflags size=8168 time=1380277975.000000000 cksum=3949425175 \
+ sha256digest=c99eb6fc1c92cac335c08be004a0a5b4c24a0c0ef3712017b12c89a978b2dac3
+ chio size=18520 time=1380277975.000000000 cksum=2208263309 \
+ sha256digest=ddf7c8cb92a58750a675328345560d8cc7fe14fb3ccd3690c34954cbe69fc964
+ chmod size=8640 time=1380277975.000000000 cksum=2214429708 \
+ sha256digest=a435972263bf814ad8df082c0752aa2a7bdd8b74ff01431ccbd52ed1e490bbe7
+
+ Notice the machine's hostname, the current date and time,
+ and the user who executed &man.mtree.8; are all included in
+ this report. There is also a checksum, size, time and
+ SHA256 digest for each binary that was
+ found.
+
+ To verify binary signatures, the following command will
+ read in the current list of signatures and provide an
+ output:
+
+ &prompt.root; mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < bin_chksum_mtree >> bin_chksum_output
+
+ This should produce the same checksum for
+ /bin that was produced when the command
+ was originally ran. Since no changes occurred in the time these
+ commands were ran, the bin_chksum_output
+ output will be empty. To simulate a change, change the date
+ on the /bin/cat file using
+ &man.touch.1; and run the verification command again:
+
+ &prompt.root; touch /bin/cat
+ &prompt.root; mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < bin_chksum_mtree >> bin_chksum_output
+ &prompt.root; cat bin_chksum_output
+ cat changed
+ modification time expected Fri Sep 27 06:32:55 2013 found Mon Feb 3 10:28:43 2014
+
+ More advanced IDS systems exist, such as
+ security/aide but in most cases,
+ &man.mtree.8; provides the functionality administrators need.
+ It is important to keep the seed value and the checksum output
+ hidden from malicious users.
+
+
+
+ System Tuning for Security
+
+ Many of the systems features may be tuned through the use
+ of &man.sysctl.8;. This is also true for a few security
+ features which could be used to prevent denial of service
+ (DOS) style attacks. Some of the more
+ important will be covered here. Any time a setting is changed
+ with &man.sysctl.8;, the chance to cause undesired harm is
+ increased affecting the availability of the system. Considering
+ the CIA of the system should be done during
+ any system-wide configuration change.
+
+ The following is a list of &man.sysctl.8;'s and a short
+ description of what effects the changes will have on the
+ system.By default, the &os; kernel boots with a security level of
-1. This is called insecure mode because
@@ -451,413 +472,58 @@
unless it is altered, either by the administrator or by
&man.init.8;, because of a setting in the startup scripts.
The security level may be raised during system startup by
- setting
- kern_securelevel_enable to
+ setting kern_securelevel_enable to
YES in /etc/rc.conf,
and the value of kern_securelevel to the
- desired security level.
-
- Once the security level is set to 1 or a higher value, the
- append-only and immutable files are honored, they cannot be
- turned off, and access to raw devices is denied. Higher
- levels restrict even more operations. For a full description
- of the effect of various security levels, refer to
- &man.security.7; and &man.init.8;.
-
-
- Bumping the security level to 1 or higher may cause a
- few problems to &xorg;, as access
- to /dev/io will be blocked, or to the
- installation of &os; built from source as
- installworld needs to temporarily
- reset the append-only and immutable flags of some files.
- In the case of &xorg;, it may be
- possible to work around this by starting &man.xdm.1; early
- in the boot process, when the security level is still low
- enough. Workarounds may not be possible for all secure
- levels or for all the potential restrictions they enforce.
- A bit of forward planning is a good idea. Understanding the
- restrictions imposed by each security level is important as
- they severely diminish the ease of system use. It will also
- make choosing a default setting much simpler and prevent any
- surprises.
-
-
- If the kernel's security level is raised to 1 or a higher
- value, it may be useful to set the schg
- flag on critical startup binaries, directories, script files,
- and everything that gets run up to the point where the
- security level is set. A less strict compromise is to run
- the system at a higher security level but skip setting the
- schg flag. Another possibility is to
- mount / and /usr read-only. It should be
- noted that being too draconian about what is permitted may
- prevent detection of an intrusion.
-
-
-
- Checking File Integrity
-
- One can only protect the core system configuration and
- control files so much before the convenience factor rears its
- ugly head. For example, using &man.chflags.1; to set the
- schg bit on most of the files in / and /usr is probably
- counterproductive, because while it may protect the files, it
- also closes an intrusion detection window. Security measures
- are useless or, worse, present a false sense of security, if
- potential intrusions cannot be detected. Half the job of
- security is to slow down, not stop, an attacker, in order to
- catch him in the act.
-
- The best way to detect an intrusion is to look for
- modified, missing, or unexpected files. The best way to look
- for modified files is from another, often centralized,
- limited-access system. Writing security scripts on the
- extra-security limited-access system makes them mostly
- invisible to potential attackers. In order to take maximum
- advantage, the limited-access box needs significant access to
- the other machines, usually either through a read-only
- NFS export or by setting up
- &man.ssh.1; key-pairs. Except for its network traffic,
- NFS is the least visible method, allowing
- the administrator to monitor the filesystems on each client
- box virtually undetected. If a limited-access server is
- connected to the client boxes through a switch, the
- NFS method is often the better choice. If
- a limited-access server is connected to the client boxes
- through several layers of routing, the NFS
- method may be too insecure and &man.ssh.1; may be the better
- choice.
-
- Once a limited-access box has been given at least read
- access to the client systems it is supposed to monitor, create
- the monitoring scripts. Given an NFS
- mount, write scripts out of simple system utilities such as
- &man.find.1; and &man.md5.1;. It is best to physically
- &man.md5.1; the client system's files at least once a day, and
- to test control files such as those found in /etc and /usr/local/etc even more often.
- When mismatches are found, relative to the base md5
- information the limited-access machine knows is valid, it
- should alert the sysadmin. A good security script will also
- check for inappropriate SUID binaries and for new or deleted
- files on system partitions such as / and /usr.
-
- When using &man.ssh.1; rather than NFS,
- writing the security script is more difficult. For example,
- &man.scp.1; is needed to send the scripts to the client box in
- order to run them. The &man.ssh.1; client on the client box
- may already be compromised. Using &man.ssh.1; may be
- necessary when running over insecure links, but it is harder
- to deal with.
-
- A good security script will also check for changes to
- hidden configuration files, such as
- .rhosts and
- .ssh/authorized_keys, as these files
- might fall outside the purview of the
- MD5 check.
-
- For a large amount of user disk space, it may take too
- long to run through every file on those partitions. In this
- case, consider setting mount flags to disallow SUID binaries
- by using nosuid with &man.mount.8;. Scan
- these partitions at least once a week, since the objective is
- to detect a break-in attempt, whether or not the attempt
- succeeds.
-
- Process accounting (see &man.accton.8;) is a relatively
- low-overhead feature of &os; which might help as a
- post-break-in evaluation mechanism. It is especially useful
- in tracking down how an intruder broke into a system, assuming
- the file is still intact after the break-in has
- occurred.
-
- Finally, security scripts should process the log files,
- and the logs themselves should be generated in as secure a
- manner as possible and sent to a remote syslog server. An
- intruder will try to cover his tracks, and log files are
- critical to the sysadmin trying to track down the time and
- method of the initial break-in. One way to keep a permanent
- record of the log files is to run the system console to a
- serial port and collect the information to a secure machine
- monitoring the consoles.
-
-
-
- Paranoia
-
- A little paranoia never hurts. As a rule, a sysadmin can
- add any number of security features which do not affect
- convenience and can add security features that
- do affect convenience with some added
- thought. More importantly, a security administrator should
- mix it up a bit. If recommendations, such as those mentioned
- in this section, are applied verbatim, those methodologies are
- given to the prospective attacker who also has access to this
- document.
-
-
-
- Denial of Service Attacks
-
-
- Denial of Service (DoS)
-
-
- A DoS attack is typically a packet
- attack. While there is not much one can do about spoofed
- packet attacks that saturate a network, one can generally
- limit the damage by ensuring that the attack cannot take down
- servers by:
-
-
-
- Limiting server forks.
-
-
-
- Limiting springboard attacks such as ICMP response
- attacks and ping broadcasts.
-
-
-
- Overloading the kernel route cache.
-
-
-
- A common DoS attack scenario is to
- force a forking server to spawn so many child processes that
- the host system eventually runs out of memory and file
- descriptors, and then grinds to a halt. There are several
- options to &man.inetd.8; to limit this sort of attack. It
- should be noted that while it is possible to prevent a machine
- from going down, it is not generally possible to prevent a
- service from being disrupted by the attack. Read
- &man.inetd.8; carefully and pay specific attention to
- , , and
- . Spoofed IP attacks will circumvent
- to &man.inetd.8;, so typically a
- combination of options must be used. Some standalone servers
- have self-fork-limitation parameters.
-
- Sendmail provides
- , which tends to work
- better than trying to use
- Sendmail's load limiting options
- due to the load lag. Specify a
- MaxDaemonChildren when starting
- Sendmail which is high enough to
- handle the expected load, but not so high that the computer
- cannot handle that number of
- Sendmail instances. It is prudent
- to run Sendmail in queued mode
- using and to run the
- daemon (sendmail -bd) separate from the
- queue-runs (sendmail -q15m). For
- real-time delivery, run the queue at a much lower interval,
- such as , but be sure to specify a
- reasonable MaxDaemonChildren to prevent
- cascade failures.
-
- &man.syslogd.8; can be attacked directly and it is
- strongly recommended to use
- whenever possible, and
- otherwise.
-
- Be careful with connect-back services such as
- reverse-identd, which can be attacked directly. The
- reverse-ident feature of
- TCP Wrappers is not recommended for
- this reason.
-
- It is recommended to protect internal services from
- external access by firewalling them at the border routers.
- This is to prevent saturation attacks from outside the LAN,
- not so much to protect internal services from network-based
- root compromise. Always configure an
- exclusive firewall which denies everything by default except
- for traffic which is explicitly allowed. The range of port
- numbers used for dynamic binding in &os; is controlled by
- several net.inet.ip.portrange
- &man.sysctl.8; variables.
-
- Another common DoS attack, called a
- springboard attack, causes the server to generate responses
- which overloads the server, the local network, or some other
- machine. The most common attack of this nature is the
- ICMP ping broadcast attack. The attacker
- spoofs ping packets sent to the LAN's broadcast address with
- the source IP address set to the machine to attack. If the
- border routers are not configured to drop ping packets sent to
- broadcast addresses, the LAN generates sufficient responses to
- the spoofed source address to saturate the victim, especially
- when the attack is against several dozen broadcast addresses
- over several dozen different networks at once. A second
- common springboard attack constructs packets that generate
- ICMP error responses which can saturate a server's incoming
- network and cause the server to saturate its outgoing network
- with ICMP responses. This type of attack can crash the
- server by running it out of memory, especially if the server
- cannot drain the ICMP responses it generates fast enough. Use
- the &man.sysctl.8; variable
- net.inet.icmp.icmplim to limit these
- attacks. The last major class of springboard attacks is
- related to certain internal &man.inetd.8; services such as the
- UDP echo service. An attacker spoofs a UDP packet with a
- source address of server A's echo port and a destination
- address of server B's echo port, where server A and B on the
- same LAN. The two servers bounce this one packet back and
- forth between each other. The attacker can overload both
- servers and the LAN by injecting a few packets in this manner.
- Similar problems exist with the
- chargen port. These inetd-internal
- test services should remain disabled.
-
- Spoofed packet attacks may be used to overload the kernel
- route cache. Refer to the
- net.inet.ip.rtexpire,
- rtminexpire, and
- rtmaxcache &man.sysctl.8; parameters. A
- spoofed packet attack that uses a random source IP will cause
- the kernel to generate a temporary cached route in the route
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 00:48:13 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43745 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 00:48:13 2014
New Revision: 43745
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43745
Log:
Edits to first section of Updating section.
Improve the introduction.
Update the config file entries.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 00:31:27 2014 (r43744)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 00:48:13 2014 (r43745)
@@ -160,63 +160,68 @@
updating-upgrading
- Applying security patches is an important part of
- maintaining computer software, especially the operating system.
- For the longest time on &os;, this process was not an easy one.
- Patches had to be applied to the source code, the code rebuilt
- into binaries, and then the binaries had to be
- re-installed.
-
- This is no longer the case as &os; now includes a utility
- called freebsd-update. This utility
- provides two separate functions. First, it allows for binary
- security and errata updates to be applied to the &os; base
- system without the build and install requirements. Second, the
- utility supports minor and major release upgrades.
-
-
- Binary updates are available for all architectures and
- releases currently supported by the security team. Before
- updating to a new release, its release announcement should be
- reviewed as it contains important information pertinent to the
+ Applying security patches in a timely manner and
+ upgrading to a newer release of
+ an operating system are important aspects of
+ ongoing system administration.
+ &os; includes a utility
+ called freebsd-update which can be used to
+ perform both these tasks.
+
+ This utility supports binary
+ security and errata updates to &os;,
+ without the need to manually compile and install the patch or a
+ new kernel. Binary updates are available for all architectures and
+ releases currently supported by the security team. The list of
+ supported releases and their estimated end-of-life dates are listed at http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/.
+
+ This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point
+ releases as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before
+ upgrading to a new release, review its release announcement
+ as it contains important information pertinent to the
release. Release announcements are available from http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/.
-
-
+
+ If a crontab utilizing the features
of &man.freebsd-update.8; exists, it must be
- disabled before the following operation is started.
+ disabled before upgrading the operating system.
+
+
+ This section describes the configuration file used by
+ freebsd-update, demonstrates how to
+ apply a security patch and how to upgrade to a minor or major
+ operating system release, and discusses some of the considerations
+ when upgrading the operating system.The Configuration File
- Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration
+ The default configuration file for
+ freebsd-update works as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration
in /etc/freebsd-update.conf, allowing
- better control of the process. The options are well
- documented, but the following may require a bit more
+ better control of the process. The comments in this file explain the available options,
+ but the following may require a bit more
explanation:# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
-Components src world kernel
+Components world kernel
This parameter controls which parts of &os; will be kept
- up-to-date. The default is to update the source code, the
- entire base system, and the kernel. Components are the same
- as those available during installation. For instance, adding
- world/games would allow game patches to be
- applied. Using src/bin would allow the
- source code in src/bin
- to be updated.
-
- The best option is to leave this at the default as
- changing it to include specific items requires the user to
- list every item to be updated. This could have disastrous
+ up-to-date. The default is to update the
+ entire base system and the kernel. Individual components can
+ instead be specified, such as
+ src/base or
+ src/sys. However, the best option is to leave this at the default as
+ changing it to include specific items requires
+ every needed item to be listed. Over time, this could have disastrous
consequences as source code and binaries may become out of
sync.# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
-IgnorePaths
+IgnorePaths /boot/kernel/linker.hints
To leave specified directories, such as
/bin or
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.
This option will only update unmodified configuration
files in the specified directories. Any changes made by the
- user will invalidate the automatic updating of these files.
+ user will prevent the automatic updating of these files.
There is another option,
KeepModifiedMetadata, which will instruct
freebsd-update to save the changes during
@@ -241,14 +246,14 @@ UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.
# When upgrading to a new &os; release, files which match MergeChanges
# will have any local changes merged into the version from the new release.
-MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/
+MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/ /boot/device.hints
List of directories with configuration files that
freebsd-update should attempt to merge.
The file merge process is a series of &man.diff.1; patches
similar to &man.mergemaster.8;, but with fewer options.
- Merges are either accepted, open an editor, or
- freebsd-update will abort. When in doubt,
+ Merges are either accepted, open an editor, or cause
+ freebsd-update to abort. When in doubt,
backup /etc and just
accept the merges. See for more
information about mergemaster.
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@ MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/This directory is where all patches and temporary files
are placed. In cases where the user is doing a version
- upgrade, this location should have a least a gigabyte of disk
+ upgrade, this location should have at least a gigabyte of disk
space available.# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be
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From: Christian Brueffer
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 12:31:52 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43746 - head/share/xml
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Author: brueffer
Date: Tue Feb 4 12:31:52 2014
New Revision: 43746
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43746
Log:
Add entities for qlxgbe(4) and qlxge(4).
Modified:
head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
Modified: head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
==============================================================================
--- head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 00:48:13 2014 (r43745)
+++ head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 12:31:52 2014 (r43746)
@@ -3724,6 +3724,8 @@
pty4">
puc4">
qlxgb4">
+qlxgbe4">
+qlxge4">
raid4">
ral4">
random4">
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:04:00 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43747 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:03:59 2014
New Revision: 43747
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43747
Log:
Comment out traditional pkg_* section.
Subsequent commits will chase down remaining pkg_* commands in other sections.
Reviewed by: bapt
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 12:31:52 2014 (r43746)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:03:59 2014 (r43747)
@@ -33,11 +33,6 @@
- How to manage binary packages using the traditional
- package system.
-
-
- How to manage binary packages using
pkgng.
@@ -101,14 +96,9 @@
writing, over &os.numports; third-party applications have been
ported to &os;.
- &os; provides two technologies which automate these
- steps.
-
A &os; package contains pre-compiled copies of all the
commands for an application, as well as any configuration files
and documentation. A package can be manipulated with the
- traditional &os; package management commands, such as
- &man.pkg.add.1;, or using the newer
pkgng commands, such as
pkg install.
@@ -334,9 +324,8 @@ Info: Lists information about open fil
-
- Using Binary Packages
@@ -561,6 +549,7 @@ docbook =
xchat will be deleted.
+ -->
Using pkgng for Binary Package
@@ -582,7 +571,7 @@ docbook =
Getting Started with
pkgng
- &os; 9.1 and later includes a bootstrap utility
+ &os; 8.4 and later includes a bootstrap utility
which can be used to download and install
pkgng, along with its manual
pages.
@@ -944,7 +933,7 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Subversion can be installed as
a package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r subversion
+ &prompt.root; pkg install subversionIf pkgng is being used to
manage packages, Subversion can
@@ -1249,10 +1238,8 @@ ftp://ftp.organization.org/pub/FreeBSD/p
Installed ports can be uninstalled using
- &man.pkg.delete.1;. Alternately, if the &os; system has been
- configured to use pkg, a port can
- be uninstalled using pkg delete. Examples
- for using these commands can be found in and
+ pkg delete. Examples
+ for using is command can be found in Alternately, make deinstall can be
run in the port's directory:
@@ -1572,11 +1559,9 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
- If the system is running the traditional package system,
- use &man.pkg.info.1; to determine which files, man pages,
- and binaries were installed with the application. If the
- system is running pkgng, instead
- use pkg info.
+ Use
+ use pkg info to determine which files, man pages,
+ and binaries were installed with the application.
@@ -1634,7 +1619,7 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Install the package instead of the port using the
- instructions in or .
+ instructions in .
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To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43748 - in head/en_US.ISO8859-1:
articles/committers-guide books/porters-handbook htdocs/portmgr
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Author: mat (ports committer)
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:09:02 2014
New Revision: 43748
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43748
Log:
Remove LATEST_LINK mentions, nobody should use it, ever.
Sponsored by: Absolight
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/portmgr/qa.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml Tue Feb 4 14:03:59 2014 (r43747)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml Tue Feb 4 14:09:02 2014 (r43748)
@@ -4014,22 +4014,26 @@ MFC after: 1 month
Upgrade the copied port to the new version.
- Remember to change the
- LATEST_LINK so there are no
+ Remember to add or change the
+ PKGNAMEPREFIX or
+ PKGNAMESUFFIX so there are no
duplicate ports with the same name. In some
rare cases it may be necessary to change the
- PORTNAME instead of
- LATEST_LINK, but this should
- only be done when it is really needed —
- e.g., using an existing port as the base for a
- very similar program with a different name, or
- upgrading a port to a new upstream version which
- actually changes the distribution name, like the
- transition from
+ PORTNAME instead of adding
+ PKGNAMEPREFIX or
+ PKGNAMESUFFIX, but this
+ should only be done when it is really needed
+ — e.g., using an existing port as the base
+ for a very similar program with a different
+ name, or upgrading a port to a new upstream
+ version which actually changes the distribution
+ name, like the transition from
textproc/libxml to
textproc/libxml2. In most
- cases, changing LATEST_LINK
- should suffice.
+ cases, adding or changing
+ PKGNAMEPREFIX or
+ PKGNAMESUFFIX should
+ suffice.
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Tue Feb 4 14:03:59 2014 (r43747)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml Tue Feb 4 14:09:02 2014 (r43748)
@@ -1238,41 +1238,6 @@ PORTEPOCH= 1
them part of PORTNAME.
-
- LATEST_LINK
-
- LATEST_LINK is used during package
- building to determine a shortened name to create links that
- can be used by pkg_add -r. This makes it
- possible to, for example, install the latest perl version by
- running pkg_add -r perl without knowing
- the exact version number. This name needs to be unique and
- obvious to users.
-
- In some cases, several versions of a program may be
- present in the ports collection at the same time. Both the
- index build and the package build system need to be able to
- see them as different, independent ports, although they may
- all have the same PORTNAME,
- PKGNAMEPREFIX, and even
- PKGNAMESUFFIX. In those cases, the
- optional LATEST_LINK variable should be
- set to a different value for all ports except the
- main one — see the
- lang/gcc46 and
- lang/gcc ports, and the
- www/apache* family for examples of its
- use. By setting NO_LATEST_LINK, no link
- will be generated, which may be an option for all but the
- main version. Note that how to choose a
- main version —
- most popular, best supported,
- least patched, and so on — is outside
- the scope of this handbook's recommendations; we only tell
- you how to specify the other ports' versions after you have
- picked a main one.
-
-
Package Naming Conventions
@@ -1341,9 +1306,8 @@ PORTEPOCH= 1
PORTNAME, as the
www/apache* ports do; in that case,
different versions (and different index entries) are
- distinguished by the PKGNAMEPREFIX,
- PKGNAMESUFFIX, and
- LATEST_LINK values.
+ distinguished by the PKGNAMEPREFIX
+ and PKGNAMESUFFIX values.
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/portmgr/qa.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/portmgr/qa.xml Tue Feb 4 14:03:59 2014 (r43747)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/portmgr/qa.xml Tue Feb 4 14:09:02 2014 (r43748)
@@ -153,14 +153,6 @@ two main categories:
the port. (This email is not automated but it should be sent
as a courtesy.)
-
a list of ports that do not set NO_LATEST_LINK. (Ports
- that have a stable version, and a development version, will
- generally have the development version set to a later revision.
- If it is desirable that users should install the stable version
- from packages, rather than the development version, this flag
- should be set; otherwise, users will get the latest version by
- default.)
-
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From: Mathieu Arnold
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:11:46 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43749 - head/share/xml
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Author: mat (ports committer)
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:11:45 2014
New Revision: 43749
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43749
Log:
Add the man pages that come with pkg so we can use them everywhere.
Sponsored by: Absolight
Modified:
head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
Modified: head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
==============================================================================
--- head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 14:09:02 2014 (r43748)
+++ head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 14:11:45 2014 (r43749)
@@ -499,8 +499,43 @@
pgrep1">
pic1">
pim6stat1">
+pkg-add8">
+pkg-annotate8">
+pkg-audit8">
+pkg-autoremove8">
+pkg-backup8">
+pkg-check8">
+pkg-clean8">
+pkg-config8">
+pkg-convert8">
+pkg-create8">
+pkg-delete8">
+pkg-fetch8">
+pkg-info8">
+pkg-install8">
+pkg-lock8">
+pkg-query8">
+pkg-register8">
+pkg-remove8">
+pkg-repo8">
+pkg-repository5">
+pkg-rquery8">
+pkg-search8">
+pkg-set8">
+pkg-shell8">
+pkg-shlib8">
+pkg-static8">
+pkg-stats8">
+pkg-unlock8">
+pkg-update8">
+pkg-updating8">
+pkg-upgrade8">
+pkg-version8">
+pkg-which8">
+pkg8">
pkg_add1">
pkg_check1">
+pkg.conf5">
pkg_create1">
pkg_delete1">
pkg_info1">
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From: John Baldwin
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:11:48 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43750 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/internal
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Author: jhb
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:11:48 2014
New Revision: 43750
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43750
Log:
Convert the list of general policies from a paragraph to a bullet list
and sort the list by policy name.
Reviewed by: eadler
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/internal/policies.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/internal/policies.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/internal/policies.xml Tue Feb 4 14:11:45 2014 (r43749)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/internal/policies.xml Tue Feb 4 14:11:48 2014 (r43750)
@@ -34,25 +34,18 @@ below, for more info.
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Subject: svn commit: r43751 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports
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Author: dru
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New Revision: 43751
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Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:11:48 2014 (r43750)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:21:24 2014 (r43751)
@@ -194,10 +194,12 @@
&a.ports; and the &a.ports-bugs;.
- Before installing any application, check http://vuxml.freebsd.org/ for security issues
- related to the application or install ports-mgmt/portaudit. Once
- installed, type portaudit -F -a to check
- all installed applications for known vulnerabilities.
+ Before installing any application, check http://vuxml.freebsd.org/
+ for security issues related to the application or install
+ ports-mgmt/portaudit. Once installed, type
+ portaudit -F -a to check all installed
+ applications for known vulnerabilities.The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages
@@ -215,7 +217,8 @@
The &os; web site maintains an up-to-date searchable
- list of all the available applications, at http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/.
+ list of all the available applications, at http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/.
The ports can be searched by application name or by
software category.
@@ -223,7 +226,8 @@
FreshPorts
- Dan Langille maintains FreshPorts.org
+ Dan Langille maintains FreshPorts.org
which provides a comprehensive search utility and also
tracks changes to the applications in the Ports Collection.
Registered users can create a customized watch list in order
@@ -235,8 +239,9 @@
FreecodeIf you do not know the name of an application, try
- using a site like Freecode.com to
- find an application, then check back at the &os; site to
+ using a site like Freecode.com
+ to find an application, then check back at the &os; site to
see if the application has been ported yet.
@@ -258,18 +263,18 @@ lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Note that this will also return any matched files
- downloaded into the /usr/ports/distfiles
- directory.
+ downloaded into the
+ /usr/ports/distfiles directory.Another way to find software is by using the Ports
Collection's built-in search mechanism. To use the search
- feature, cd to /usr/ports then run
- make search
- name=program-name
- where program-name is the name
- of the software. For example, to search for
+ feature, cd to
+ /usr/ports then run make
+ search name=program-name where
+ program-name is the name of the
+ software. For example, to search for
lsof:&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports
@@ -561,9 +566,11 @@ docbook =
faster and easier.
pkgng is not a replacement for
- port management tools like ports-mgmt/portmaster or ports-mgmt/portupgrade. These
- tools can be used to install third-party software from both
- binary packages and the Ports Collection, while
+ port management tools like
+ ports-mgmt/portmaster or
+ ports-mgmt/portupgrade. These tools can be
+ used to install third-party software from both binary packages
+ and the Ports Collection, while
pkgng installs only binary
packages.
@@ -844,12 +851,16 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
&prompt.root; pkg set -o lang/php5:lang/php53
- As another example, to update lang/ruby18 to lang/ruby19, run:
+ As another example, to update
+ lang/ruby18 to
+ lang/ruby19, run:&prompt.root; pkg set -o lang/ruby18:lang/ruby19As a final example, to change the origin of the
- libglut shared libraries from graphics/libglut to graphics/freeglut, run:
+ libglut shared libraries from
+ graphics/libglut to
+ graphics/freeglut, run:
&prompt.root; pkg set -o graphics/libglut:graphics/freeglut
@@ -881,7 +892,8 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Portsnap is a fast and
user-friendly tool for retrieving the Ports Collection and
- is the recommended choice for most users. See for a detailed
+ is the recommended choice for most users. See for a detailed
description of Portsnap.
@@ -893,7 +905,8 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
When running Portsnap for
- the first time, extract the snapshot into /usr/ports:
+ the first time, extract the snapshot into
+ /usr/ports:
&prompt.root; portsnap extract
@@ -901,8 +914,8 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
After the first use of
Portsnap has been completed as
- shown above, /usr/ports can be updated as
- needed by running:
+ shown above, /usr/ports can be updated
+ as needed by running:
&prompt.root; portsnap fetch
&prompt.root; portsnap update
@@ -915,7 +928,8 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
If more control over the ports tree is needed or if
local changes need to be maintained,
Subversion can be used to
- obtain the Ports Collection. Refer to the
+ obtain the Ports Collection. Refer to the
Subversion Primer for a detailed description of
Subversion.
@@ -946,15 +960,17 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Check out a copy of the ports tree. For better
performance, replace
svn0.us-east.FreeBSD.org with a
- Subversion
+ Subversion
mirror close to your geographic location:&prompt.root; svn checkout https://svn0.us-east.FreeBSD.org/ports/head /usr/ports
- As needed, update /usr/ports after the initial
- Subversion checkout:
+ As needed, update /usr/ports after
+ the initial Subversion
+ checkout:&prompt.root; svn update /usr/ports
@@ -1002,8 +1018,9 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Some ports include pkg-message or
other files to handle special situations. For more details
- on these files, and on ports in general, refer to the &os; Porter's
- Handbook.
+ on these files, and on ports in general, refer to the &os;
+ Porter's Handbook.
The port does not include the actual source code, also
known as a distfile. The extract portion
@@ -1028,14 +1045,15 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Collection as described in the previous section. Since
the installation of any third-party software can introduce
security vulnerabilities, it is recommended to first check
- http://vuxml.freebsd.org/ for known
- security issues related to the port. Alternately, if
- ports-mgmt/portaudit
- is installed, run portaudit -F before
- installing a new port. This command can be configured to
- automatically perform a security audit and an update of
- the vulnerability database during the daily security system
- check. For more information, refer to the manual page for
+ http://vuxml.freebsd.org/
+ for known security issues related to the port. Alternately,
+ if ports-mgmt/portaudit is installed, run
+ portaudit -F before installing a new
+ port. This command can be configured to automatically
+ perform a security audit and an update of the vulnerability
+ database during the daily security system check. For more
+ information, refer to the manual page for
portaudit and
&man.periodic.8;.
@@ -1044,17 +1062,19 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
connection. It also requires superuser privilege.
Some third-party DVD products such as the &os; Toolkit
- from freebsdmall.com
+ from freebsdmall.com
contain distfiles which can be used to install ports without
- an Internet connection. Mount the DVD on /cdrom. If you use a different
- mount point, set the CD_MOUNTPTS make
- variable. The needed distfiles will be automatically used
- if they are present on the disk. However, the licenses of
- a few ports do not allow their inclusion on the DVD. This
- could be because a registration form needs to be filled out
- before downloading or redistribution is not allowed. In
- order to install a port not included on the DVD, a connection
- to the Internet will still be required.
+ an Internet connection. Mount the DVD on
+ /cdrom. If you use a different mount
+ point, set the CD_MOUNTPTS make variable.
+ The needed distfiles will be automatically used if they are
+ present on the disk. However, the licenses of a few ports do
+ not allow their inclusion on the DVD. This could be because a
+ registration form needs to be filled out before downloading or
+ redistribution is not allowed. In order to install a port not
+ included on the DVD, a connection to the Internet will still
+ be required.
To compile and install the port, change to the directory
of the port to be installed, then type make
@@ -1146,8 +1166,9 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
compile and install the port.
- When using config-recursive,
- the list of ports to configure are gathered by the
+ When using
+ config-recursive, the list of
+ ports to configure are gathered by the
all-depends-list target. It is
recommended to run make
config-recursive
@@ -1160,11 +1181,9 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
menu in order to add, remove, or change these options after
a port has been built. One method is to
cd into the directory containing the
- port and type make
- config. Another
- option is to use make
- showconfig. Another
- option is to execute make
+ port and type make config. Another
+ option is to use make showconfig.
+ Another option is to execute make
rmconfig which will
remove all selected options and allow you to start over.
All of these options, and others, are explained in great
@@ -1179,16 +1198,14 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
complete list of supported variables.For users who cannot be connected to the Internet all
- the time, make
- fetch can be run
- within /usr/ports,
- to fetch all distfiles, or within a category, such as
- /usr/ports/net, or
- within the specific port skeleton. Note that if a port
- has any dependencies, running this command in a category
- or ports skeleton will not fetch the
- distfiles of ports from another category. Instead, use
- make
+ the time, make fetch can be run
+ within /usr/ports, to fetch all
+ distfiles, or within a category, such as
+ /usr/ports/net, or within the specific
+ port skeleton. Note that if a port has any dependencies,
+ running this command in a category or ports skeleton will
+ not fetch the distfiles of ports from
+ another category. Instead, use make
fetch-recursive to
also fetch the distfiles for all the dependencies of a
port.
@@ -1209,14 +1226,15 @@ ftp://ftp.organization.org/pub/FreeBSD/p
&prompt.root; make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install
- will compile the port in /usr/home/example/ports and
- install everything under /usr/local.
+ will compile the port in
+ /usr/home/example/ports and install
+ everything under /usr/local.&prompt.root; make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install
- will compile the port in /usr/ports and install it
- in /usr/home/example/local.
- And:
+ will compile the port in /usr/ports
+ and install it in
+ /usr/home/example/local. And:&prompt.root; make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install
@@ -1238,8 +1256,8 @@ ftp://ftp.organization.org/pub/FreeBSD/p
Installed ports can be uninstalled using
- pkg delete. Examples
- for using is command can be found in
+ pkg delete. Examples for using is command
+ can be found in Alternately, make deinstall can be
run in the port's directory:
@@ -1313,13 +1331,13 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
portmaster
- The ports-mgmt/portmaster
- package or port is the recommended tool for upgrading
- installed ports as it is designed to use the tools installed
- with &os; without depending upon other ports. It uses the
- information in /var/db/pkg/ to determine
- which ports to upgrade. To install this utility as a
- port:
+ The ports-mgmt/portmaster package or
+ port is the recommended tool for upgrading installed ports
+ as it is designed to use the tools installed with &os;
+ without depending upon other ports. It uses the
+ information in /var/db/pkg/ to
+ determine which ports to upgrade. To install this utility
+ as a port:&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster
&prompt.root; make install clean
@@ -1416,8 +1434,8 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Another utility that can be used to upgrade ports is
- Portupgrade, which is
- available as the ports-mgmt/portupgrade package
+ Portupgrade, which is available
+ as the ports-mgmt/portupgrade package
or port. This utility installs a suite of applications
which can be used to manage ports. However, it is dependent
upon Ruby. To install the port:
@@ -1439,10 +1457,9 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
To upgrade only a specified application instead of all
available ports, use portupgrade
- pkgname. It is
- very important to include to first
- upgrade all the ports required by the given
- application:
+ pkgname. It is very important to include
+ to first upgrade all the ports required
+ by the given application:
&prompt.root; portupgrade -R firefox
@@ -1479,22 +1496,21 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over
time. After building and installing a port, running
- make clean
- within the ports skeleton will clean up the temporary
- work directory. If
- Portmaster is used to install a
+ make clean within the ports skeleton will
+ clean up the temporary work directory.
+ If Portmaster is used to install a
port, it will automatically remove this directory unless
is specified. If
Portupgrade is installed, this
- command will remove all work directories found within
- the local copy of the Ports Collection:
+ command will remove all work directories
+ found within the local copy of the Ports Collection:
&prompt.root; portsclean -CIn addition, a lot of out-dated source distribution files
- will collect in /usr/ports/distfiles over time.
- If Portupgrade is installed, this
- command will delete all the distfiles that are no longer
+ will collect in /usr/ports/distfiles over
+ time. If Portupgrade is installed,
+ this command will delete all the distfiles that are no longer
referenced by any ports:&prompt.root; portsclean -D
@@ -1513,9 +1529,10 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
By default, this command is interactive and will prompt
the user to confirm if a distfile should be deleted.
- In addition to these commands, the ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves package
- or port automates the task of removing installed ports that
- are no longer needed.
+ In addition to these commands, the
+ ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves package or port
+ automates the task of removing installed ports that are no
+ longer needed.
@@ -1531,9 +1548,9 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Most applications install at least one default
- configuration file in /usr/local/etc. The
- configuration files should be reviewed and possibly edited
- to meet the system's needs.
+ configuration file in /usr/local/etc.
+ The configuration files should be reviewed and possibly
+ edited to meet the system's needs.
@@ -1545,23 +1562,24 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Some applications run services which must be added
- to /etc/rc.conf
- before starting the application. These applications usually
- install a startup script in
- /usr/local/etc/rc.d. See Starting
+ to /etc/rc.conf before starting the
+ application. These applications usually install a startup
+ script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d. See
+ Starting
Services for more information.Users of &man.csh.1; should run
- rehash to rebuild the known binary
- list in the shells PATH.
+ rehash to rebuild the known binary list
+ in the shells PATH.
Use
- use pkg info to determine which files, man pages,
- and binaries were installed with the application.
+ use pkg info to determine which files,
+ man pages, and binaries were installed with the
+ application.
@@ -1592,12 +1610,15 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
Some ports are not maintained by an individual but
- instead by a mailing
- list. Many, but not all, of these addresses
- look like freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org.
+ instead by a mailing
+ list. Many, but not all, of these addresses look
+ like freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org.
Take this into account when sending an email.
- In particular, ports shown as maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not
+ In particular, ports shown as maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not
maintained by a specific individual. Instead, any fixes
and support come from the general community who subscribe
to that mailing list. More volunteers are always
@@ -1606,15 +1627,17 @@ The deinstallation will free 229 kB
If there is no response to the email, use
&man.send-pr.1; to submit a bug report using the
- instructions in Writing
+ instructions in Writing
&os; Problem Reports.
- Fix it! The Porter's
+ Fix it! The Porter's
Handbook includes detailed information on the
- ports infrastructure so that you can fix the
- occasional broken port or even submit your own!
+ ports infrastructure so that you can fix the occasional
+ broken port or even submit your own!
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 14:24:18 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:24:17 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43752 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:24:17 2014
New Revision: 43752
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43752
Log:
Last commit forgot to include this file.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 14:21:24 2014 (r43751)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 14:24:17 2014 (r43752)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ in your /etc/rc.conf. Extra options can
For more information on packages please refer to section 4.4 of
- the &os; Handbook: Using the Packages System.
+ the &os; Handbook: Using the Packages System.
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Message-Id: <201402041427.s14ERqu0097058@svn.freebsd.org>
From: Mathieu Arnold
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:27:52 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43753 - head/share/xml
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Author: mat (ports committer)
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:27:51 2014
New Revision: 43753
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43753
Log:
Actually add the pkg man pages at the right place.
Noticed by: gjb
Sponsored by: Absolight
Modified:
head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
Modified: head/share/xml/man-refs.ent
==============================================================================
--- head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 14:24:17 2014 (r43752)
+++ head/share/xml/man-refs.ent Tue Feb 4 14:27:51 2014 (r43753)
@@ -499,43 +499,8 @@
pgrep1">
pic1">
pim6stat1">
-pkg-add8">
-pkg-annotate8">
-pkg-audit8">
-pkg-autoremove8">
-pkg-backup8">
-pkg-check8">
-pkg-clean8">
-pkg-config8">
-pkg-convert8">
-pkg-create8">
-pkg-delete8">
-pkg-fetch8">
-pkg-info8">
-pkg-install8">
-pkg-lock8">
-pkg-query8">
-pkg-register8">
-pkg-remove8">
-pkg-repo8">
-pkg-repository5">
-pkg-rquery8">
-pkg-search8">
-pkg-set8">
-pkg-shell8">
-pkg-shlib8">
-pkg-static8">
-pkg-stats8">
-pkg-unlock8">
-pkg-update8">
-pkg-updating8">
-pkg-upgrade8">
-pkg-version8">
-pkg-which8">
-pkg8">
pkg_add1">
pkg_check1">
-pkg.conf5">
pkg_create1">
pkg_delete1">
pkg_info1">
@@ -4124,6 +4089,8 @@
phones5">
pim6dd.conf5">
pim6sd.conf5">
+pkg-repository5">
+pkg.conf5">
portsnap.conf5">
printcap5">
procfs5">
@@ -4649,6 +4616,39 @@
pim6sd8">
ping8">
ping68">
+pkg8">
+pkg-add8">
+pkg-annotate8">
+pkg-audit8">
+pkg-autoremove8">
+pkg-backup8">
+pkg-check8">
+pkg-clean8">
+pkg-config8">
+pkg-convert8">
+pkg-create8">
+pkg-delete8">
+pkg-fetch8">
+pkg-info8">
+pkg-install8">
+pkg-lock8">
+pkg-query8">
+pkg-register8">
+pkg-remove8">
+pkg-repo8">
+pkg-rquery8">
+pkg-search8">
+pkg-set8">
+pkg-shell8">
+pkg-shlib8">
+pkg-static8">
+pkg-stats8">
+pkg-unlock8">
+pkg-update8">
+pkg-updating8">
+pkg-upgrade8">
+pkg-version8">
+pkg-which8">
pmcannotate8">
pmccontrol8">
pmcstat8">
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 14:41:23 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:41:23 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43754 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:41:22 2014
New Revision: 43754
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43754
Log:
Replace pkg_ in this chapter.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:27:51 2014 (r43753)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:41:22 2014 (r43754)
@@ -287,12 +287,12 @@
To install the package of the latest release version of
Firefox, type:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r firefox
+ &prompt.root; pkg install firefoxTo instead install Firefox
Extended Support Release (ESR) version, use:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r firefox-esr
+ &prompt.root; pkg install firefox-esrLocalized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and www/firefox-esr-i18n.
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
To install the package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r swfdec-plugin
+ &prompt.root; pkg install swfdec-pluginIf the package is not available, compile and install it
from the Ports Collection:
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
opera with linux-opera
to instead install the &linux; version.
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r opera
+ &prompt.root; pkg install operaAlternately, install either version through the Ports
Collection. This example compiles the native version:
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
Chromium can be installed as a
package by typing:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r chromium
+ &prompt.root; pkg install chromiumAlternatively, Chromium can be
compiled from source using the Ports Collection:
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
In &os;, editors/calligra can be installed
as a package or a port. To install the package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r calligra
+ &prompt.root; pkg install calligraIf the package is not available, use the Ports Collection
instead:
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
To install the AbiWord
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r abiword
+ &prompt.root; pkg install abiwordIf the package is not available, it can be compiled from
the Ports Collection:
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@
To install the package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gimp
+ &prompt.root; pkg install gimpAlternately, use the Ports Collection:
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@
To install the Apache
OpenOffice package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r apache-openoffice
+ &prompt.root; pkg install apache-openofficeOnce the package is installed, type the following command
to launch Apache OpenOffice:
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@
To install the English version of the
LibreOffice package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r libreoffice
+ &prompt.root; pkg install libreofficeThe editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html)
of the Ports Collection contains several localizations for
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@
To install gv as a
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gv
+ &prompt.root; pkg install gvIf a package is unavailable, use the Ports
Collection:
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@
To install the Xpdf
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r xpdf
+ &prompt.root; pkg install xpdfIf the package is not available, use the Ports
Collection:
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@
To install the GQview
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gqview
+ &prompt.root; pkg install gqviewIf the package is not available, use the Ports
Collection:
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@
To install the GnuCash
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gnucash
+ &prompt.root; pkg install gnucashIf the package is not available, use the Ports
Collection:
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@
To install Gnumeric as a
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gnumeric
+ &prompt.root; pkg install gnumericIf the package is not available, use the Ports
Collection:
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
To install KMyMoney as a
package:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r kmymoney-kde4
+ &prompt.root; pkg install kmymoney-kde4If the package is not available, use the Ports
Collection:
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 14:47:02 2014
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From: Gabor Kovesdan
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:47:02 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43755 - head/share/misc
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Author: gabor
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:47:02 2014
New Revision: 43755
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43755
Log:
- Revert the change of the size of admonition boxes since it did not render
fine when embedded to procedures (should that be allowed at all?)
Reported by: wblock
Modified:
head/share/misc/docbook.css
Modified: head/share/misc/docbook.css
==============================================================================
--- head/share/misc/docbook.css Tue Feb 4 14:41:22 2014 (r43754)
+++ head/share/misc/docbook.css Tue Feb 4 14:47:02 2014 (r43755)
@@ -289,41 +289,41 @@ pre.programlisting {
color: #222;
background: #eee;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
- width: 63em;
+ width: 90%;
}
.tip {
color: #004F00;
background: #d8ecd6;
border: 1px solid green;
- width: 63em;
+ width: 90%;
}
.important {
font-style:italic;
border: 1px solid #a00;
- border-left: 1em solid #c00;
- width: 62em;
+ border-left: 12px solid #c00;
+ width: 90%;
}
.warning {
color: #9F1313;
background: #f8e8e8;
border: 1px solid #e59595;
- width: 63em;
+ width: 90%;
}
.caution {
color: #3E3535;
background: #FFC;
border: 1px solid #e59595;
- width: 63em;
+ width: 90%;
}
.example {
background: #fefde6;
border: 1px solid #f1bb16;
- width: 63em;
+ width: 90%;
}
.admontitle {
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:49:42 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43756 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:49:41 2014
New Revision: 43756
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43756
Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:47:02 2014 (r43755)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:49:41 2014 (r43756)
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version
of FreeBSD rather than configuring one from scratch should
- refer to the pcbsd.org
+ refer to the pcbsd.org
website.
@@ -185,7 +186,8 @@
- Install X and a window manager as described in .
+ Install X and a window manager as described in .
@@ -207,7 +209,8 @@
&os; does not come with a pre-installed web browser.
- Instead, the www
+ Instead, the www
category of the Ports Collection contains many browsers which
can be installed as a package or compiled from the Ports
Collection.
@@ -218,7 +221,9 @@
for more information on how to set up these complete
desktops.
- Some light-weight browsers include www/dillo2, www/links, and www/w3m.
+ Some light-weight browsers include
+ www/dillo2, www/links, and
+ www/w3m.This section demonstrates how to install the following
popular web browsers and indicates if the application is
@@ -294,11 +299,14 @@
&prompt.root; pkg install firefox-esr
- Localized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and www/firefox-esr-i18n.
+ Localized versions are available in
+ www/firefox-i18n and
+ www/firefox-esr-i18n.The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the
desired version of Firefox from
- source code. This example builds www/firefox, where
+ source code. This example builds
+ www/firefox, where
firefox can be replaced with the ESR or
localized version to install.
@@ -310,10 +318,10 @@
The installation of
Firefox does not include &java;
- support. However, java/icedtea-web provides a free
- software web browser plugin for running Java applets. It can
- be installed as a package. To alternately compile the
- port:
+ support. However, java/icedtea-web
+ provides a free software web browser plugin for running Java
+ applets. It can be installed as a package. To alternately
+ compile the port:&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web
&prompt.root; make install clean
@@ -354,15 +362,17 @@
- Install the www/nspluginwrapper port.
- Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available.
- This port requires emulators/linux_base-f10 which
- is a large port.
+ Install the www/nspluginwrapper
+ port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not
+ available. This port requires
+ emulators/linux_base-f10 which is a
+ large port.
- Install the www/linux-f10-flashplugin11
- port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not
+ Install the
+ www/linux-f10-flashplugin11 port. Due
+ to licensing restrictions, a package is not
available.
@@ -370,7 +380,8 @@
&prompt.root; ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/
- Create the /usr/local/lib/browser_plugins
+ Create the
+ /usr/local/lib/browser_plugins
directory if it is not already present.
@@ -451,9 +462,9 @@
To install &adobe; &flash; plugin support, first compile
the www/linux-f10-flashplugin11 port,
as a package is not available due to licensing restrictions.
- Then install either the www/opera-linuxplugins port
- or package. This example compiles both applications from
- ports:
+ Then install either the
+ www/opera-linuxplugins port or package.
+ This example compiles both applications from ports:&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin11
&prompt.root; make install clean
@@ -467,7 +478,8 @@
all the currently available plugins.
To add the &java; plugin,
- follow the instructions in .
+ follow the instructions in .
@@ -479,8 +491,8 @@
Konqueror is more than a web
browser as it is also a file manager and a multimedia
- viewer. It is included in the x11/kde4-baseapps package or
- port.
+ viewer. It is included in the
+ x11/kde4-baseapps package or port.
Konqueror supports WebKit as
well as its own KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by
@@ -503,7 +515,8 @@
Konqueror also supports
&flash;. A How To
guide for getting &flash; support
- on Konqueror is available at http://freebsd.kde.org/howtos/konqueror-flash.php.
+ on Konqueror is available at http://freebsd.kde.org/howtos/konqueror-flash.php.
@@ -668,8 +681,9 @@
and Karbon is used to draw
graphical documents.
- In &os;, editors/calligra can be installed
- as a package or a port. To install the package:
+ In &os;, editors/calligra can be
+ installed as a package or a port. To install the
+ package:&prompt.root; pkg install calligra
@@ -733,7 +747,8 @@
&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp
&prompt.root; make install clean
- The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html)
+ The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html)
of the Ports Collection contains several
GIMP-related plugins, help files,
and user manuals.
@@ -774,8 +789,10 @@
OpenOffice is stable and runs natively on
&windows;, &solaris;, &linux;, &os;, and &macos; X.
More information about Apache
- OpenOffice can be found at openoffice.org. For
- &os; specific information refer to porting.openoffice.org/freebsd/.
+ OpenOffice can be found at openoffice.org.
+ For &os; specific information refer to porting.openoffice.org/freebsd/.
To install the Apache
OpenOffice package:
@@ -791,8 +808,9 @@
number of the installed version of Apache
OpenOffice. The first time
Apache OpenOffice launches, some
- questions will be asked and a .openoffice.org folder will
- be created in the user's home directory.
+ questions will be asked and a
+ .openoffice.org folder will be created in
+ the user's home directory.
If the desired Apache
OpenOffice package is not available, compiling
@@ -829,7 +847,8 @@
LibreOffice is a free software
- office suite developed by documentfoundation.org.
+ office suite developed by documentfoundation.org.
It is compatible with other major office suites and available
on a variety of platforms. It is a rebranded fork of
OpenOffice.org and includes
@@ -848,16 +867,17 @@
interfaced with external databases.
LibreOffice is stable and runs
natively on &windows;, &linux;, &os;, and &macos; X.
- More information about
- LibreOffice can be found at
- libreoffice.org.
+ More information about LibreOffice
+ can be found at libreoffice.org.To install the English version of the
LibreOffice package:&prompt.root; pkg install libreoffice
- The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html)
+ The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html)
of the Ports Collection contains several localizations for
LibreOffice. When installing a
localized package, replace libreoffice
@@ -869,8 +889,8 @@
&prompt.user; libreofficeDuring the first launch, some questions will be asked
- and a .libreoffice
- folder will be created in the user's home directory.
+ and a .libreoffice folder will be created
+ in the user's home directory.If the desired LibreOffice
package is not available, compiling the port is still an
@@ -885,7 +905,8 @@
To build a localized version,
cd into the port directory of
the desired language. Supported languages can be found
- in the editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html)
+ in the editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html)
of the Ports Collection.
@@ -961,7 +982,8 @@
is also available for &os;. Due to licensing restrictions,
a package is not available, meaning that this application
must be compiled from ports. Several localizations are
- available from the print category (freebsd.org/ports/print.html)
+ available from the print category (freebsd.org/ports/print.html)
of the Ports Collection.
This command installs the English version of
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:52:10 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43757 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:52:10 2014
New Revision: 43757
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43757
Log:
Fix typo.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:49:41 2014 (r43756)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:52:10 2014 (r43757)
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ ftp://ftp.organization.org/pub/FreeBSD/p
Installed ports can be uninstalled using
- pkg delete. Examples for using is command
+ pkg delete. Examples for using this command
can be found in Alternately, make deinstall can be
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:56:37 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43758 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 14:56:36 2014
New Revision: 43758
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43758
Log:
Chase pkg_ in this chapter.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:52:10 2014 (r43757)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:56:36 2014 (r43758)
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ Fetching 133 new ports or files... done.
latest pre-built package of the Hungarian
documentation:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r hu-freebsd-doc
+ &prompt.root; pkg install hu-freebsd-docPackages use a format that differs from the
@@ -2774,9 +2774,9 @@ Script done, …To solve these problems, determine which port installed
the library:
- &prompt.root; pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so
+ &prompt.root; pkg which /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so
/usr/local/lib/libtiff.so was installed by package tiff-3.9.4
- &prompt.root; pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libXext.so
+ &prompt.root; pkg which /usr/local/lib/libXext.so
/usr/local/lib/libXext.so was installed by package libXext-1.1.1,1Then deinstall, rebuild and reinstall the port.
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 15:05:54 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43759 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 15:05:54 2014
New Revision: 43759
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43759
Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 14:56:36 2014 (r43758)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 15:05:54 2014 (r43759)
@@ -160,74 +160,71 @@
updating-upgrading
- Applying security patches in a timely manner and
- upgrading to a newer release of
- an operating system are important aspects of
- ongoing system administration.
- &os; includes a utility
+ Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading
+ to a newer release of an operating system are important aspects
+ of ongoing system administration. &os; includes a utility
called freebsd-update which can be used to
- perform both these tasks.
+ perform both these tasks.
+
+ This utility supports binary security and errata updates to
+ &os;, without the need to manually compile and install the patch
+ or a new kernel. Binary updates are available for all
+ architectures and releases currently supported by the security
+ team. The list of supported releases and their estimated
+ end-of-life dates are listed at http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/.
+
+ This utility also supports operating system upgrades to
+ minor point releases as well as upgrades to another release
+ branch. Before upgrading to a new release, review its release
+ announcement as it contains important information pertinent to
+ the release. Release announcements are available from http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/.
+
+
+ If a crontab utilizing the features
+ of &man.freebsd-update.8; exists, it must be disabled before
+ upgrading the operating system.
+
- This utility supports binary
- security and errata updates to &os;,
- without the need to manually compile and install the patch or a
- new kernel. Binary updates are available for all architectures and
- releases currently supported by the security team. The list of
- supported releases and their estimated end-of-life dates are listed at http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/.
-
- This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point
- releases as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before
- upgrading to a new release, review its release announcement
- as it contains important information pertinent to the
- release. Release announcements are available from http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/.
-
-
- If a crontab utilizing the features
- of &man.freebsd-update.8; exists, it must be
- disabled before upgrading the operating system.
-
-
This section describes the configuration file used by
- freebsd-update, demonstrates how to
- apply a security patch and how to upgrade to a minor or major
- operating system release, and discusses some of the considerations
- when upgrading the operating system.
+ freebsd-update, demonstrates how to apply a
+ security patch and how to upgrade to a minor or major operating
+ system release, and discusses some of the considerations when
+ upgrading the operating system.The Configuration FileThe default configuration file for
- freebsd-update works as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration
- in /etc/freebsd-update.conf, allowing
- better control of the process. The comments in this file explain the available options,
- but the following may require a bit more
- explanation:
+ freebsd-update works as-is. Some users may
+ wish to tweak the default configuration in
+ /etc/freebsd-update.conf, allowing
+ better control of the process. The comments in this file
+ explain the available options, but the following may require a
+ bit more explanation:
# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components world kernelThis parameter controls which parts of &os; will be kept
- up-to-date. The default is to update the
- entire base system and the kernel. Individual components can
- instead be specified, such as
- src/base or
- src/sys. However, the best option is to leave this at the default as
- changing it to include specific items requires
- every needed item to be listed. Over time, this could have disastrous
- consequences as source code and binaries may become out of
- sync.
+ up-to-date. The default is to update the entire base system
+ and the kernel. Individual components can instead be
+ specified, such as src/base or
+ src/sys. However, the best option is to
+ leave this at the default as changing it to include specific
+ items requires every needed item to be listed. Over time,
+ this could have disastrous consequences as source code and
+ binaries may become out of sync.
# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths /boot/kernel/linker.hintsTo leave specified directories, such as
- /bin or
- /sbin, untouched during
- the update process, add their paths to this statement. This
- option may be used to prevent
+ /bin or /sbin,
+ untouched during the update process, add their paths to this
+ statement. This option may be used to prevent
freebsd-update from overwriting local
modifications.
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To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43760 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 15:12:57 2014
New Revision: 43760
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43760
Log:
Chase pkg_ in this chapter.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 15:05:54 2014 (r43759)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 15:12:57 2014 (r43760)
@@ -259,13 +259,7 @@
Alternatively, &xorg; can be
- installed directly from packages. To install the package using
- pkg_add, type:
-
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r xorg
-
- To instead install the package using
- pkg, type:
+ installed directly from packages with this command:
&prompt.root; pkg install xorg
@@ -1119,13 +1113,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0The software can be easily installed from a package
or the Ports Collection:
- To install the GNOME package
- from the network, simply type:
-
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r gnome2
-
- For pkgng users, the
- equivalent command is:
+ To install the GNOME package, type:&prompt.root; pkg install gnome2
@@ -1284,16 +1272,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
- To install the KDE 4 package
- from the network, type:
-
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r kde4
-
- &man.pkg.add.1; will automatically fetch the latest
- version of the application.
-
- For pkgng users, the
- equivalent command is:
+ To install the KDE4 package, type:&prompt.root; pkg install kde4
@@ -1429,13 +1408,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
Installing Xfce
- To install the Xfce from the
- network, simply type:
-
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r xfce4
-
- For pkgng users, the
- equivalent command is:
+ To install Xfce, type:&prompt.root; pkg install xfce
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 15:22:06 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43761 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 15:22:06 2014
New Revision: 43761
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43761
Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 15:12:57 2014 (r43760)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 15:22:06 2014 (r43761)
@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@
Users who prefer an installation method that automatically
configures the &xorg; and offers
a choice of window managers during installation should
- refer to the pcbsd.org
+ refer to the pcbsd.org
website.For more information on the video hardware that
- &xorg; supports, refer to the
- x.org website.
+ &xorg; supports, refer to the x.org website.
After reading this chapter, you will know:
@@ -147,7 +148,8 @@
the title bars on each window should look like, whether
or not they have close buttons on them, and so on.
Instead, X delegates this responsibility to a separate
- window manager application. There are dozens of window
+ window manager application. There are dozens of window
managers available. Each window manager
provides a different look and feel: some support virtual
desktops, some allow customized keystrokes to manage the
@@ -235,16 +237,16 @@
Installing &xorg;
- &xorg; is the
- implementation of the open source X Window System
- released by the X.Org Foundation. In &os;, it
- can be installed as a package or port. The meta-port for the
- complete distribution which includes X servers, clients,
- libraries, and fonts is located in x11/xorg. A minimal distribution
- is located in x11/xorg-minimal, with separate
- ports available for docs, libraries, and apps.
- The examples in this section install the complete
- &xorg; distribution.
+ &xorg; is the implementation of
+ the open source X Window System released by the X.Org
+ Foundation. In &os;, it can be installed as a package or port.
+ The meta-port for the complete distribution which includes X
+ servers, clients, libraries, and fonts is located in
+ x11/xorg. A minimal distribution is located
+ in x11/xorg-minimal, with separate ports
+ available for docs, libraries, and apps. The examples in this
+ section install the complete &xorg;
+ distribution.To build and install &xorg;
from the Ports Collection:
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@
Intel: as of FreeBSD 9.1, 3D acceleration on most
Intel graphics, including IronLake, SandyBridge, and
- IvyBridge, is supported. Due to the current KMS
+ IvyBridge, is supported. Due to the current KMS
implementation, it is not possible to switch between the
graphical console and a virtual console using
Crtl+Alt+F#.
@@ -381,9 +383,9 @@
&xorg; uses
HAL to autodetect keyboards and mice. The
sysutils/hal and
- devel/dbus ports are
- automatically installed as dependencies of x11/xorg, but must be enabled by
- adding the following entries to
+ devel/dbus ports are automatically
+ installed as dependencies of x11/xorg, but
+ must be enabled by adding the following entries to
/etc/rc.conf:hald_enable="YES"
@@ -463,7 +465,8 @@ dbus_enable="YES"Option "DontZap" "off"
- If the test is unsuccessful, skip ahead to . Once the test is successful,
+ If the test is unsuccessful, skip ahead to . Once the test is successful,
copy the configuration file to
/etc/X11/xorg.conf:
@@ -506,16 +509,20 @@ dbus_enable="YES"
are several free, high quality Type1 (&postscript;) fonts
available which can be readily used with
&xorg;. For instance, the URW
- font collection (x11-fonts/urwfonts) includes high
- quality versions of standard type1 fonts (Times Roman, Helvetica, Palatino and others). The
- Freefonts collection (x11-fonts/freefonts) includes
- many more fonts, but most of them are intended for use in
- graphics software such as the Gimp,
- and are not complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In
- addition, &xorg; can be configured
- to use &truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort. For more
- details on this, see the &man.X.7; manual page or the
- section on &truetype;
+ font collection (x11-fonts/urwfonts)
+ includes high quality versions of standard type1 fonts
+ (Times Roman,
+ Helvetica,
+ Palatino and
+ others). The Freefonts collection
+ (x11-fonts/freefonts) includes many more
+ fonts, but most of them are intended for use in graphics
+ software such as the Gimp, and are
+ not complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition,
+ &xorg; can be configured to use
+ &truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort. For more details
+ on this, see the &man.X.7; manual page or the section on &truetype;
fonts.To install the above Type1 font collections from the
@@ -583,13 +590,15 @@ dbus_enable="YES"
fonts.dir file, so that the X font
renderer knows that these new files have been installed.
ttmkfdir is available from the FreeBSD
- Ports Collection as x11-fonts/ttmkfdir.
+ Ports Collection as
+ x11-fonts/ttmkfdir.
&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
&prompt.root; ttmkfdir -o fonts.dirNow add the &truetype; directory to the font path. This
- is just the same as described above for Type1 fonts, that is, use
+ is just the same as described above for Type1 fonts, that is, use
&prompt.user; xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
&prompt.user; xset fp rehash
@@ -843,19 +852,20 @@ dbus_enable="YES"
Using XDMTo start using XDM, install
- the x11/xdm port (it is
- not installed by default in recent versions of
+ the x11/xdm port (it is not installed by
+ default in recent versions of
&xorg;). The
XDM daemon program may then be
found in /usr/local/bin/xdm. This
- program can be run at any time as root
- and it will start managing the X display on the local machine.
- If XDM is to be run every time the
+ program can be run at any time as root and it will start
+ managing the X display on the local machine. If
+ XDM is to be run every time the
machine boots up, a convenient way to do this is by adding an
entry to /etc/ttys. For more information
- about the format and usage of this file, see
- . There is a line in the
- default /etc/ttys file for running the
+ about the format and usage of this file, see . There is a line in the default
+ /etc/ttys file for running the
XDM daemon on a virtual
terminal:
@@ -1100,8 +1110,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0GNOME provides. More information
regarding GNOME on FreeBSD can be
- found on the
- FreeBSD GNOME
+ found on the FreeBSD GNOME
Project's web site. The web site also contains
fairly comprehensive FAQs about installing, configuring, and
managing GNOME.
@@ -1113,7 +1123,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0The software can be easily installed from a package
or the Ports Collection:
- To install the GNOME package, type:
+ To install the GNOME package,
+ type:&prompt.root; pkg install gnome2
@@ -1258,8 +1269,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0KDE can be found on the
- KDE website. For
- FreeBSD specific information and resources on
+ KDE website.
+ For FreeBSD specific information and resources on
KDE, consult the
KDE/FreeBSD
initiative's website.
@@ -1272,7 +1283,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
- To install the KDE4 package, type:
+ To install the KDE4 package,
+ type:&prompt.root; pkg install kde4
@@ -1402,7 +1414,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
More information on Xfce
- can be found on the Xfce website.
+ can be found on the Xfce website.
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 15:27:05 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43762 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 15:27:04 2014
New Revision: 43762
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43762
Log:
Fix reference.
This whole article needs a go-through, more commits to follow.
Submitted by: wblock
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 15:22:06 2014 (r43761)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 15:27:04 2014 (r43762)
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ in your /etc/rc.conf. Extra options can
6.X series.
- For more information on packages please refer to section 4.4 of
- the &os; Handbook: Using the Packages System.
+ For more information on packages please refer to section 5.4 of
+ the &os; Handbook: Using pkgng for Binary Package Management.
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From: Warren Block
To: Gabor Kovesdan
Subject: Re: svn commit: r43755 - head/share/misc
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On Tue, 4 Feb 2014, Gabor Kovesdan wrote:
> Author: gabor
> Date: Tue Feb 4 14:47:02 2014
> New Revision: 43755
> URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43755
>
> Log:
> - Revert the change of the size of admonition boxes since it did not render
> fine when embedded to procedures
Thank you!
> (should that be allowed at all?)
Yes. Steps of the procedure may need individual admonitions like
"warning: this step will erase the disk" or "tip: sometimes a bigger
hammer really does help."
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Subject: svn commit: r43763 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 16:18:13 2014
New Revision: 43763
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43763
Log:
First pass through first half of this article. More commits to follow.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 15:27:04 2014 (r43762)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 16:18:13 2014 (r43763)
@@ -29,59 +29,82 @@
This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to
- advanced &linux; users with the basics of FreeBSD.
+ advanced &linux; users with the basics of &os;.
Introduction
- This document will highlight the differences between &os; and
+ This document highlights the technical differences between &os; and
&linux; so that intermediate to advanced &linux; users can quickly
- familiarize themselves with the basics of &os;. This is just a
- technical quickstart, it does not attempt to design
- philosophical differences between the two
- operating systems.
-
- This document assumes that you have already installed &os;.
- If you have not installed &os; or need help with the installation
- process please refer to the
-
- Installing FreeBSD chapter of the &os; Handbook.
+ familiarize themselves with the basics of &os;.
+
+ This document assumes that &os; is already installed.
+ Refer to the
+
+ Installing &os; chapter of the &os; Handbook for help with the installation
+ process.Shells: No Bash?
- Those coming from &linux; are often surprised to find that
+ &linux; users are often surprised to find that
Bash is not the default shell in &os;.
In fact, Bash is not even in the default
installation. Instead, &os; uses &man.tcsh.1; as the default shell.
- Although, Bash and your other favorite
- shells are available in &os;'s Packages and Ports Collection.
+ However, Bash and other
+ shells are available in &os;'s Packages and Ports Collection.
- If you do install other shells you can use &man.chsh.1; to set
- a user's default shell. It is, however, recommended that the
- root's default shell remain unchanged. The
- reason for this is that shells not included in the base distribution
- are normally installed in /usr/local/bin or
- /usr/bin. In the event of a problem the file
- systems where /usr/local/bin and
- /usr/bin are located may not be mounted. In this
- case root would not have access to its default
- shell, preventing root from logging in. For this
- reason a second root account, the
- toor account, was created for use with non-default
- shells. See the security FAQ for information regarding the toor account.
+ After installing another shell, use &man.chsh.1; to change
+ a user's default shell. It is recommended that the
+ root user's default shell remain unchanged since
+ shells which are not included in the base distribution
+ are installed to /usr/local/bin.
+ In the event of a problem, the file
+ system where /usr/local/bin is
+ located may not be mounted. In this
+ case, root would not have access to its default
+ shell, preventing root from logging in.
- Packages and Ports: Adding software in &os;
+ Packages and Ports: Adding Software in &os;
+
+ &os; provides
+ two methods for installing applications: binary packages and compiled ports.
+ Each method has its own benefits:
+
+
+ Binary Packages
+
+ Faster installation as compared to compiling large applications.
+
+ Does not require an understanding of how to compile
+ software.
+
+ No need to install a compiler.
+
+
+
+ Ports
+
+ Ability to customize installation options.
- In addition to the traditional &unix; method of installing software
- (download source, extract, edit source code, and compile), &os; offers
- two other methods for installing applications: packages and ports. A
- complete list of of all available ports and packages can be found here.
+ Custom patches can be applied.
+
+
+ If an application installation does not require any customization, installing the package
+ is sufficient. Compile the port instead whenever an application requires
+ customization of the default options. If needed,
+ a custom
+ package can be compiled from ports using make
+ package.
+
+ A complete list of of all available ports and packages
+ can be found here.Packages
@@ -89,124 +112,50 @@
Packages are pre-compiled applications, the &os; equivalents
of .deb files on Debian/Ubuntu based systems
and .rpm files on Red Hat/Fedora based
- systems. Packages are installed using &man.pkg.add.1;. For example,
+ systems. Packages are installed using pkg. For example,
the following command installs
- Apache 2.2:
+ Apache 2.4:
- &prompt.root; pkg_add /tmp/apache-2.2.6_2.tbz
+ &prompt.root; pkg install apache24
- Using the switch will tell &man.pkg.add.1;
- to automatically fetch a package and install it, as well as any
- dependencies:
-
- &prompt.root; pkg_add -r apache22
-Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/Latest/apache22.tbz... Done.
-Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/All/expat-2.0.0_1.tbz... Done.
-Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/All/perl-5.8.8_1.tbz... Done.
-[snip]
-
-To run apache www server from startup, add apache22_enable="YES"
-in your /etc/rc.conf. Extra options can be found in startup script.
-
-
- If you are running a release version of &os; (6.2, 6.3, 7.0,
- etc., generally installed from CD-ROM) pkg_add -r
- will download packages built for that specific release. These
- packages may not be the most up-to-date
- version of the application. You can use the
- PACKAGESITE variable to override this default
- behavior. For example, set PACKAGESITE to
- ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/
- to download the most recent packages built for the
- 6.X series.
-
-
- For more information on packages please refer to section 5.4 of
+ For more information on packages refer to section 5.4 of
the &os; Handbook: Using pkgng for Binary Package Management.Ports
- &os;'s second method for installing applications is the
- Ports Collection. The Ports Collection is a framework of
+ The &os; Ports Collection is a framework of
Makefiles and patches specifically customized
- for installing various software applications from source on &os;.
- When installing a port the system will fetch the source code, apply
+ for installing applications from source on &os;.
+ When installing a port, the system will fetch the source code, apply
any required patches, compile the code, and install the application
- (and do the same for any dependencies).
+ and any required dependencies.
- The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree,
- can be found in /usr/ports. That is assuming
- the Ports Collection was installed during the &os; installation
- process. If the Ports Collection has not been installed it can be
- added from the installation discs using &man.sysinstall.8;, or pulled
- from the &os; servers using &man.csup.1; or &man.portsnap.8;.
- Detailed instructions for installing the Ports Collection can be
- found in section 4.5.1
- of the handbook.
+ The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree,
+ can be installed to /usr/ports using &man.portsnap.8;.
+ Detailed instructions for installing the Ports Collection can be
+ found in section 5.5
+ of the &os; Handbook.
- Installing a port is as simple (generally) as changing in to the
+ To compile a port, change to the
port's directory and starting the build process. The following example
- installs Apache 2.2 from the
- Ports Collection:
+ installs Apache 2.4 from the
+ Ports Collection:
- &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache22
+ &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
&prompt.root; make install clean
- A major benefit of using ports to install software is the
- ability to customize the installation options. For example, when
- installing Apache 2.2 from ports you can
- enable mod_ldap by setting the
- WITH_LDAP &man.make.1; variable:
+ A benefit of using ports to install software is the
+ ability to customize the installation options. This example
+ enables mod_ldap by setting
+ WITH_LDAP:
- &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache22
+ &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
&prompt.root; make WITH_LDAP="YES" install clean
- Please see section 4.5 of the &os; Handbook, Using
- the Ports Collection, for more information about the
- Ports Collection.
-
-
-
- Ports or packages, which one should I use?
-
- Packages are just pre-compiled ports, so it is really a matter
- of installing from source (ports) versus installing from binary
- packages. Each method has its own benefits:
-
-
- Packages (binary)
-
- Faster installation (compiling large applications
- can take quite a while).
-
- You do not need to understand how to compile
- software.
-
- No need to install compilers on your
- system.
-
-
-
- Ports (source)
-
- Ability to customize installation options.
- (Packages are normally built with standard options. With ports
- you can customize various options, such as building additional
- modules or changing the default path.)
-
- You can apply your own patches if you are so
- inclined.
-
-
- If you do not have any special requirements, packages will
- probably suit your situation just fine. If you may ever need to
- customize, ports are the way to go. (And remember, if you
- need to customize but prefer packages, you can build a custom
- package from ports using make
- package and then copy the package to
- other servers.)
+ Refer to Using
+ the Ports Collection for more information.
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From: Tom Rhodes
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 16:45:39 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43764 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security
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Author: trhodes
Date: Tue Feb 4 16:45:39 2014
New Revision: 43764
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43764
Log:
Add a section on password policy and password policy
enforcement (with pam, pw, login.conf).
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 16:18:13 2014 (r43763)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 16:45:39 2014 (r43764)
@@ -305,6 +305,90 @@
the handbook. Kerberose users may need to make additional
changes to implement OpenSSH in
their network.
+
+
+ Password Policy and Enforcement
+
+ Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts
+ is a fundamental aspect of local system security and policy.
+ During password enforcement, things like password length,
+ password strength, and the likelihood the password could be
+ guessed or cracked can be implemented through the system
+ &man.pam.8; modules.
+
+ The PAM system, or Pluggable
+ Authentication Modules, will enforce the password policy by
+ setting a minimum and maximum password length. They will
+ also enforce mixed characters. In particular the
+ &man.pam.passwdqc.8; will be discussed.
+
+ To proceed, open the
+ /etc/pam.d/passwd file and add the
+ following line to the file.
+
+ password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users
+
+ There is already a commented out line for this module and
+ it may be altered to the version above. This statement
+ basically sets several requirements. First, a minimal
+ password length is disabled, allowing for a password of any
+ length. Using only two character classes are disabled,
+ which means that all classes, including special, will be
+ considered valid. The next entry requires that passwords
+ be twelve characters in length with characters from three
+ classes or ten byte (or more) passwords with characters from
+ four character classes. This also denies passwords that
+ are similar to the previously used password. A user is
+ provided three opportunities to enter a new password and
+ finally only enforce this requirement on users. That is,
+ exempt super users. This statement is probably confusing
+ so reading the manual page is highly recommended, in
+ particular to understand what character classes are.
+
+ After this change is made and the file saved, any user
+ changing their password will see a message similar to the
+ following. This message might also clear up some confusion
+ about the configuration.
+
+ &prompt.user; passwd
+
+ Changing local password for trhodes
+Old Password:
+
+You can now choose the new password.
+A valid password should be a mix of upper and lower case letters,
+digits and other characters. You can use a 12 character long
+password with characters from at least 3 of these 4 classes, or
+a 10 character long password containing characters from all the
+classes. Characters that form a common pattern are discarded by
+the check.
+Alternatively, if noone else can see your terminal now, you can
+pick this as your password: "trait-useful&knob".
+Enter new password:
+
+ If a weak password is entered, it will be rejected with
+ a warning and the user will have an opportunity to try
+ again
+
+ In most password policies, a password aging requirement
+ is normally set. This means that a every password must expire
+ after so many days after it has been set. To set a password
+ age time in &os;, set the in
+ /etc/login.conf. Most users when added
+ to the system just fall into the
+ default group which is where this variable could be added and
+ the database rebuilt using:
+
+ &prompt.root; cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf
+
+ To set the expiration on individual users, provide a day
+ count to &man.pw.8; and a username like:
+
+ &prompt.root; pw usermod -p 30-apr-2014 -n trhodes
+
+ As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of day,
+ month, year. For more information, see &man.pw.8;
+
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 17:15:33 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43765 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 17:15:33 2014
New Revision: 43765
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43765
Log:
First pass through next 1/3 of this article.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 16:45:39 2014 (r43764)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 17:15:33 2014 (r43765)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
- Shells: No Bash?
+ Default Shell&linux; users are often surprised to find that
Bash is not the default shell in &os;.
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@
- System Startup: Where are the run-levels?
+ System Startup
- &linux; uses the SysV init system, whereas &os; uses the
- traditional BSD-style &man.init.8;. Under the BSD-style &man.init.8;
- there are no run-levels and no /etc/inittab,
- instead startup is controlled by the &man.rc.8; utility. The
- /etc/rc script reads
+ Many &linux; distributions use the SysV init system, whereas &os; uses the
+ traditional BSD-style &man.init.8;. Under the BSD-style &man.init.8;,
+ there are no run-levels and /etc/inittab does not exist.
+ Instead, startup is controlled by &man.rc.8; scripts. At system boot,
+ /etc/rc reads
/etc/defaults/rc.conf and
/etc/rc.conf to determine which services are to be
started. The specified services are then started by running the
@@ -176,73 +176,63 @@
the scripts located in /etc/init.d/ on &linux;
systems.
-
- Why are there two locations for service initialization
- scripts? The scripts found in
+ The scripts found in
/etc/rc.d/ are for applications that are part of
- the base system. (&man.cron.8;, &man.sshd.8;,
- &man.syslog.3;, and others.) The scripts in
+ the base system, such as &man.cron.8;, &man.sshd.8;, and
+ &man.syslog.3;. The scripts in
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/ are for user-installed
- applications such as Apache,
- Squid, etc.
+ applications such as Apache and
+ Squid.
- What is the difference between the base
- system and user-installed applications? FreeBSD is
- developed as a complete operating system. In other words, the
- kernel, system libraries, and userland utilities (such as &man.ls.1;,
- &man.cat.1;, &man.cp.1;, etc.) are developed and released together as
- one. This is what is referred to as the base system.
- The user-installed applications are applications that are not part of
- the base system, such as
- Apache, X11,
- Mozilla Firefox, etc. These
- user-installed applications are generally installed using &os;'s Packages and Ports Collection.
+ Since &os; is
+ developed as a complete operating system,
+ user-installed applications are not considered to be part of
+ the base system.
+ User-installed applications are generally installed using Packages or Ports.
In order to keep them separate from the base system,
- user-installed applications are normally installed under
- /usr/local/. Therefore the user-installed
+ user-installed applications are installed under
+ /usr/local/. Therefore, user-installed
binaries reside in /usr/local/bin/,
configuration files are in /usr/local/etc/,
and so on.
-
- Services are enabled by specifying
- ServiceName_enable="YES" in
- /etc/rc.conf (&man.rc.conf.5;). Take a look at
- /etc/defaults/rc.conf for the system defaults,
+ Services are enabled by adding an entry for the service in
+ /etc/rc.conf . The system defaults are found in
+ /etc/defaults/rc.conf and
these default settings are overridden by settings in
- /etc/rc.conf. Also, when installing additional
- applications be sure to review the documentation to determine how to
+ /etc/rc.conf. Refer to &man.rc.conf.5; for
+ more information about the available entries. When installing additional
+ applications, review the application's install message to determine how to
enable any associated services.
- The following snippet from /etc/rc.conf enables
- &man.sshd.8; and Apache 2.2. It also
- specifies that Apache should be started
- with SSL.
+ The following entries in /etc/rc.conf enable
+ &man.sshd.8;, enable Apache 2.4, and
+ specify that Apache should be started
+ with SSL.# enable SSHD
sshd_enable="YES"
# enable Apache with SSL
-apache22_enable="YES"
-apache22_flags="-DSSL"
+apache24_enable="YES"
+apache24_flags="-DSSL"
Once a service has been enabled in /etc/rc.conf,
- the service can be started from the command line (without rebooting the
- system):
+ it can be started without rebooting the
+ system:
- &prompt.root; /etc/rc.d/sshd start
+ &prompt.root; service sshd start
+ &prompt.root; service apache24 start
- If a service has not been enabled it can be started from the
- command line using :
+ If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the
+ command line using :
- &prompt.root; /etc/rc.d/sshd forcestart
+ &prompt.root; service sshd onestartNetwork configuration
-
- Network Interfaces
-
Instead of a generic ethX identifier that
&linux; uses to identify a network interface, &os; uses the driver
name followed by a number as the identifier. The following output
@@ -262,75 +252,67 @@ em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,
ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
-
-
- IP Configuration
-
- An IP address can be assigned to an interface using
- &man.ifconfig.8;. However, to remain persistent across reboots the
- IP configuration must be included in
+ An IP address can be assigned to an interface using
+ &man.ifconfig.8;. To remain persistent across reboots, the
+ IP configuration must be included in
/etc/rc.conf. The following example
- specifies the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:
+ specifies the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:hostname="server1.example.com"
-ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0"
+ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="10.10.10.1"
- Use the following to configure an interface for DHCP:
+ Use the following to instead configure an interface for DHCP:hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
-
- Firewall
- Like IPTABLES in &linux;, &os; also offers
- a kernel level firewall; actually &os; offers three firewalls:
+ &os; does not use &linux; IPTABLES for its firewall. Instead, &os; offers
+ a choice of three kernel level firewalls:
- IPFIREWALL
- IPFILTERPF
+ IPFILTER
+ IPFW
- IPFIREWALL or
- IPFW (the command to manage an
- IPFW ruleset is &man.ipfw.8;) is the
- firewall developed and maintained by the &os; developers.
- IPFW can be paired with &man.dummynet.4; to
- provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate different types of
- network connections.
+ PF is
+ developed by the OpenBSD project and ported to &os;. PF was
+ created as a replacement for IPFILTER and
+ its syntax is similar to that of
+ IPFILTER. PF can
+ be paired with &man.altq.4; to provide QoS features.
- Sample IPFW rule to allow
- SSH in:
+ This sample PF entry allows inbound
+ SSH:
- ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if
+ pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22
- IPFILTER is the firewall application
- developed by Darren Reed. It is not specific to &os;, and has been
+ IPFILTER is the firewall application
+ developed by Darren Reed. It is not specific to &os; and has been
ported to several operating systems including NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS,
HP/UX, and Solaris.
- Sample IPFILTER command to allow
- SSH in:
+ The IPFILTER syntax to allow inbound
+ SSH is:pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22
+
+ IPFW is the
+ firewall developed and maintained by &os;.
+ It can be paired with &man.dummynet.4; to
+ provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate different types of
+ network connections.
- The last firewall application, PF, is
- developed by the OpenBSD project. PF was
- created as a replacement for IPFILTER. As
- such, the PF syntax is very similar to that of
- IPFILTER. PF can
- be paired with &man.altq.4; to provide QoS features.
-
- Sample PF command to allow
- SSH in:
+ The IPFW syntax to allow inbound
+ SSH would be:
- pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22
+ ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 18:20:56 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43766 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
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New Revision: 43766
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43766
Log:
Last pass through this article.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 17:15:33 2014 (r43765)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 18:20:56 2014 (r43766)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
Introduction
- This document highlights the technical differences between &os; and
+ This document highlights some of the technical differences between &os; and
&linux; so that intermediate to advanced &linux; users can quickly
familiarize themselves with the basics of &os;.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
In fact, Bash is not even in the default
installation. Instead, &os; uses &man.tcsh.1; as the default shell.
However, Bash and other
- shells are available in &os;'s Packages and Ports Collection.
+ shells are available for installation using the &os; Packages and Ports Collection.
After installing another shell, use &man.chsh.1; to change
a user's default shell. It is recommended that the
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
system where /usr/local/bin is
located may not be mounted. In this
case, root would not have access to its default
- shell, preventing root from logging in.
+ shell, preventing root from logging in and fixing the problem.
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
of the &os; Handbook.
To compile a port, change to the
- port's directory and starting the build process. The following example
+ port's directory and start the build process. The following example
installs Apache 2.4 from the
Ports Collection:
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@
A benefit of using ports to install software is the
ability to customize the installation options. This example
- enables mod_ldap by setting
- WITH_LDAP:
+ specifies that the mod_ldap module
+ should also be installed:
&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
&prompt.root; make WITH_LDAP="YES" install clean
@@ -167,8 +167,9 @@
there are no run-levels and /etc/inittab does not exist.
Instead, startup is controlled by &man.rc.8; scripts. At system boot,
/etc/rc reads
- /etc/defaults/rc.conf and
- /etc/rc.conf to determine which services are to be
+ /etc/rc.conf and
+ /etc/defaults/rc.conf
+ to determine which services are to be
started. The specified services are then started by running the
corresponding service initialization scripts located in
/etc/rc.d/ and
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@
the base system.
User-installed applications are generally installed using Packages or Ports.
- In order to keep them separate from the base system,
+ In order to keep them separate from the base system,
user-installed applications are installed under
/usr/local/. Therefore, user-installed
binaries reside in /usr/local/bin/,
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ apache24_flags="-DSSL"
system:
&prompt.root; service sshd start
- &prompt.root; service apache24 start
+&prompt.root; service apache24 startIf a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the
command line using :
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ apache24_flags="-DSSL"
Instead of a generic ethX identifier that
&linux; uses to identify a network interface, &os; uses the driver
- name followed by a number as the identifier. The following output
+ name followed by a number. The following output
from &man.ifconfig.8; shows two &intel; Pro 1000 network
interfaces (em0 and em1):
@@ -256,14 +257,14 @@ em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,
An IP address can be assigned to an interface using
&man.ifconfig.8;. To remain persistent across reboots, the
IP configuration must be included in
- /etc/rc.conf. The following example
- specifies the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:
+ /etc/rc.conf. The following /etc/rc.conf entries
+ specify the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:
hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="10.10.10.1"
- Use the following to instead configure an interface for DHCP:
+ Use the following entries to instead configure an interface for DHCP:hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
@@ -318,93 +319,65 @@ ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
Updating &os;
- There are three methods for updating a &os; system: from source,
- binary updates, and the installation discs.
+ There are two methods for updating a &os; system: from source or
+ binary updates.Updating from source is the most involved update method, but offers
the greatest amount of flexibility. The process involves synchronizing a
- local copy of the FreeBSD source code with the &os;
+ local copy of the &os; source code with the &os;
Subversion servers.
- Once the local source code is up to date you can build new versions of
- the kernel and userland. For more information on source updates see
- the chapter on updating
- in the &os; Handbook.
+ Once the local source code is up-to-date, a new version of
+ the kernel and userland can be compiled.
Binary updates are similar to using yum or
- apt-get to update a &linux; system. The command
- &man.freebsd-update.8; will fetch new updates and install them. The
+ apt-get to update a &linux; system. In &os;,
+ &man.freebsd-update.8; can be used fetch new binary updates and install them. These
updates can be scheduled using &man.cron.8;.
- If you do use &man.cron.8; to schedule the updates, please be sure
- to use freebsd-update cron in your &man.crontab.1;
+ When using &man.cron.8; to schedule updates,
+ use freebsd-update cron in the &man.crontab.1;
to reduce the possibility of a large number of machines all pulling
- updates at the same time.
+ updates at the same time:0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron
- The last update method, updating from the installation discs, is a
- straight-forward process. Boot from the installation discs and select
- the option to upgrade.
+ For more information on source and binary updates, refer to
+ the chapter on updating
+ in the &os; Handbook.procfs: Gone But Not Forgotten
- In &linux;, you may have looked at
+ In some &linux; distributions, one could look at
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward to determine if
- IP forwarding was enabled. Under &os; you should use &man.sysctl.8; to
- view this and other system settings, as &man.procfs.5; has been
- deprecated in current versions of &os;. (Although
- sysctl is available in &linux; as well.)
+ IP forwarding is enabled. In &os; &man.sysctl.8; is instead used to
+ view this and other system settings.
- In the IP forwarding example, you would use the following to
- determine if IP forwarding is enabled on your FreeBSD system:
+ For example, use the following to
+ determine if IP forwarding is enabled on a &os; system:&prompt.user; sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
- The flag is used to list all the system
+ Use to list all the system
settings:
- &prompt.user; sysctl -a
-kern.ostype: FreeBSD
-kern.osrelease: 6.2-RELEASE-p9
-kern.osrevision: 199506
-kern.version: FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p9 #0: Thu Nov 29 04:07:33 UTC 2007
- root@i386-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
-
-kern.maxvnodes: 17517
-kern.maxproc: 1988
-kern.maxfiles: 3976
-kern.argmax: 262144
-kern.securelevel: -1
-kern.hostname: server1
-kern.hostid: 0
-kern.clockrate: { hz = 1000, tick = 1000, profhz = 666, stathz = 133 }
-kern.posix1version: 200112
-...
+ &prompt.user; sysctl -a | more
-
- Some of these sysctl values are
- read-only.
-
- There are occasions where procfs is required, such as running
- older software, using &man.truss.1; to trace system calls, and
- &linux; Binary Compatibility.
- (Although, &linux; Binary Compatibility uses its own procfs, &man.linprocfs.5;.)
- If you need to mount procfs you can add the following to
+ If an application requires procfs,
+ add the following entry to
/etc/fstab:proc /proc procfs rw,noauto 0 0
-
- will prevent
+ Including will prevent
/proc from being automatically mounted at
- boot.
+ boot.
- And then mount procfs with:
+ To mount the file system without rebooting:&prompt.root; mount /proc
@@ -412,8 +385,7 @@ kern.posix1version: 200112
Common Commands
-
- Package Management
+ Some common command equivalents are as follows:
@@ -429,46 +401,26 @@ kern.posix1version: 200112
yum install package / apt-get install package
- pkg_add -r package
- Install package from remote repository
+ pkg install package
+ Install package from remote repositoryrpm -ivh package / dpkg -i package
- pkg_add -v package
- Install package
+ pkg add package
+ Install local packagerpm -qa / dpkg -l
- pkg_info
+ pkg infoList installed packages
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- System Management
-
-
-
-
-
-
- &linux; command
- &os; equivalent
- Purpose
-
-
-
lspcipciconf
- List PCI devices
+ List PCI devices
@@ -492,15 +444,14 @@ kern.posix1version: 200112
-
Conclusion
- Hopefully this document has provided you with enough to get
- started with &os;. Be sure to take a look at the &os; Handbook
- for more in depth coverage of the topics touched on as well as
- the many topics not covered in this document.
+ This document has provided an overview of
+ &os;. Refer to the &os; Handbook
+ for more in-depth coverage of these topics as well as
+ the many topics not covered by this document.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 18:53:38 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 18:53:38 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43767 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 04 Feb 2014 18:53:38 -0000
Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 18:53:37 2014
New Revision: 43767
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43767
Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 18:20:56 2014 (r43766)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 18:53:37 2014 (r43767)
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
- FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for &linux; Users
-
+
+ FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for &linux; UsersJohnFerrell
@@ -28,120 +28,141 @@
- This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to
- advanced &linux; users with the basics of &os;.
+ This document is intended to quickly familiarize
+ intermediate to advanced &linux; users with the basics of
+ &os;.Introduction
- This document highlights some of the technical differences between &os; and
- &linux; so that intermediate to advanced &linux; users can quickly
- familiarize themselves with the basics of &os;.
-
- This document assumes that &os; is already installed.
- Refer to the
-
- Installing &os; chapter of the &os; Handbook for help with the installation
- process.
+ This document highlights some of the technical differences
+ between &os; and &linux; so that intermediate to advanced
+ &linux; users can quickly familiarize themselves with the basics
+ of &os;.
+
+ This document assumes that &os; is already installed. Refer
+ to the
+ Installing &os; chapter of the &os; Handbook for
+ help with the installation process.Default Shell&linux; users are often surprised to find that
- Bash is not the default shell in &os;.
- In fact, Bash is not even in the default
- installation. Instead, &os; uses &man.tcsh.1; as the default shell.
- However, Bash and other
- shells are available for installation using the &os; Packages and Ports Collection.
+ Bash is not the default shell in
+ &os;. In fact, Bash is not even in
+ the default installation. Instead, &os; uses &man.tcsh.1; as
+ the default shell. However, Bash and
+ other shells are available for installation using the &os; Packages
+ and Ports Collection.
After installing another shell, use &man.chsh.1; to change
a user's default shell. It is recommended that the
- root user's default shell remain unchanged since
- shells which are not included in the base distribution
- are installed to /usr/local/bin.
- In the event of a problem, the file
- system where /usr/local/bin is
- located may not be mounted. In this
- case, root would not have access to its default
- shell, preventing root from logging in and fixing the problem.
+ root user's default
+ shell remain unchanged since shells which are not included in
+ the base distribution are installed to
+ /usr/local/bin. In the event of a problem,
+ the file system where /usr/local/bin is
+ located may not be mounted. In this case, root would not have access to
+ its default shell, preventing root from logging in and fixing
+ the problem.
Packages and Ports: Adding Software in &os;
- &os; provides
- two methods for installing applications: binary packages and compiled ports.
- Each method has its own benefits:
-
-
- Binary Packages
-
- Faster installation as compared to compiling large applications.
-
- Does not require an understanding of how to compile
- software.
-
- No need to install a compiler.
-
-
-
- Ports
-
- Ability to customize installation options.
-
- Custom patches can be applied.
-
-
- If an application installation does not require any customization, installing the package
- is sufficient. Compile the port instead whenever an application requires
- customization of the default options. If needed,
- a custom
- package can be compiled from ports using make
- package.
-
- A complete list of of all available ports and packages
- can be found here.
+ &os; provides two methods for installing applications:
+ binary packages and compiled ports. Each method has its own
+ benefits:
+
+
+ Binary Packages
+
+
+ Faster installation as compared to
+ compiling large applications.
+
+
+
+ Does not require an understanding of how to
+ compile software.
+
+
+
+ No need to install a compiler.
+
+
+
+
+ Ports
+
+
+ Ability to customize installation options.
+
+
+
+ Custom patches can be applied.
+
+
+
+ If an application installation does not require any
+ customization, installing the package is sufficient. Compile
+ the port instead whenever an application requires customization
+ of the default options. If needed, a custom package can be
+ compiled from ports using make
+ package.
+
+ A complete list of of all available ports and packages can
+ be found here.Packages
- Packages are pre-compiled applications, the &os; equivalents
- of .deb files on Debian/Ubuntu based systems
- and .rpm files on Red Hat/Fedora based
- systems. Packages are installed using pkg. For example,
+ Packages are pre-compiled applications, the &os;
+ equivalents of .deb files on
+ Debian/Ubuntu based systems and .rpm
+ files on Red Hat/Fedora based systems. Packages are
+ installed using pkg. For example,
the following command installs
Apache 2.4:&prompt.root; pkg install apache24For more information on packages refer to section 5.4 of
- the &os; Handbook: Using pkgng for Binary Package Management.
+ the &os; Handbook: Using
+ pkgng for Binary Package Management.PortsThe &os; Ports Collection is a framework of
- Makefiles and patches specifically customized
- for installing applications from source on &os;.
- When installing a port, the system will fetch the source code, apply
- any required patches, compile the code, and install the application
- and any required dependencies.
-
- The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree,
- can be installed to /usr/ports using &man.portsnap.8;.
- Detailed instructions for installing the Ports Collection can be
- found in section 5.5
- of the &os; Handbook.
-
- To compile a port, change to the
- port's directory and start the build process. The following example
- installs Apache 2.4 from the
- Ports Collection:
+ Makefiles and patches specifically
+ customized for installing applications from source on &os;.
+ When installing a port, the system will fetch the source code,
+ apply any required patches, compile the code, and install the
+ application and any required dependencies.
+
+ The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports
+ tree, can be installed to /usr/ports
+ using &man.portsnap.8;. Detailed instructions for installing
+ the Ports Collection can be found in section
+ 5.5 of the &os; Handbook.
+
+ To compile a port, change to the port's directory and
+ start the build process. The following example installs
+ Apache 2.4 from the Ports
+ Collection:&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
&prompt.root; make install clean
@@ -154,63 +175,66 @@
&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
&prompt.root; make WITH_LDAP="YES" install clean
- Refer to Using
- the Ports Collection for more information.
+ Refer to Using
+ the Ports Collection for more information.System Startup
- Many &linux; distributions use the SysV init system, whereas &os; uses the
- traditional BSD-style &man.init.8;. Under the BSD-style &man.init.8;,
- there are no run-levels and /etc/inittab does not exist.
- Instead, startup is controlled by &man.rc.8; scripts. At system boot,
+ Many &linux; distributions use the SysV init system, whereas
+ &os; uses the traditional BSD-style &man.init.8;. Under the
+ BSD-style &man.init.8;, there are no run-levels and
+ /etc/inittab does not exist. Instead,
+ startup is controlled by &man.rc.8; scripts. At system boot,
/etc/rc reads
/etc/rc.conf and
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
- to determine which services are to be
- started. The specified services are then started by running the
- corresponding service initialization scripts located in
+ to determine which services are to be started. The specified
+ services are then started by running the corresponding service
+ initialization scripts located in
/etc/rc.d/ and
- /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. These scripts are similar to
- the scripts located in /etc/init.d/ on &linux;
- systems.
-
- The scripts found in
- /etc/rc.d/ are for applications that are part of
- the base system, such as &man.cron.8;, &man.sshd.8;, and
- &man.syslog.3;. The scripts in
- /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ are for user-installed
- applications such as Apache and
- Squid.
-
- Since &os; is
- developed as a complete operating system,
- user-installed applications are not considered to be part of
- the base system.
- User-installed applications are generally installed using Packages or Ports.
- In order to keep them separate from the base system,
- user-installed applications are installed under
- /usr/local/. Therefore, user-installed
- binaries reside in /usr/local/bin/,
- configuration files are in /usr/local/etc/,
- and so on.
+ /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. These scripts are
+ similar to the scripts located in
+ /etc/init.d/ on &linux; systems.
+
+ The scripts found in /etc/rc.d/ are for
+ applications that are part of the base system,
+ such as &man.cron.8;, &man.sshd.8;, and &man.syslog.3;. The
+ scripts in /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ are for
+ user-installed applications such as
+ Apache and
+ Squid.
+
+ Since &os; is developed as a complete operating system,
+ user-installed applications are not considered to be part of
+ the base system. User-installed applications
+ are generally installed using Packages
+ or Ports. In order to keep them separate from the base
+ system, user-installed applications are installed under
+ /usr/local/. Therefore, user-installed
+ binaries reside in /usr/local/bin/,
+ configuration files are in /usr/local/etc/,
+ and so on.Services are enabled by adding an entry for the service in
- /etc/rc.conf . The system defaults are found in
- /etc/defaults/rc.conf and
- these default settings are overridden by settings in
+ /etc/rc.conf . The system defaults are
+ found in /etc/defaults/rc.conf and these
+ default settings are overridden by settings in
/etc/rc.conf. Refer to &man.rc.conf.5; for
- more information about the available entries. When installing additional
- applications, review the application's install message to determine how to
- enable any associated services.
-
- The following entries in /etc/rc.conf enable
- &man.sshd.8;, enable Apache 2.4, and
- specify that Apache should be started
- with SSL.
+ more information about the available entries. When installing
+ additional applications, review the application's install
+ message to determine how to enable any associated
+ services.
+
+ The following entries in /etc/rc.conf
+ enable &man.sshd.8;, enable Apache
+ 2.4, and specify that
+ Apache should be started with
+ SSL.# enable SSHD
sshd_enable="YES"
@@ -218,15 +242,15 @@ sshd_enable="YES"
apache24_enable="YES"
apache24_flags="-DSSL"
- Once a service has been enabled in /etc/rc.conf,
- it can be started without rebooting the
- system:
+ Once a service has been enabled in
+ /etc/rc.conf, it can be started without
+ rebooting the system:&prompt.root; service sshd start
&prompt.root; service apache24 start
- If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the
- command line using :
+ If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from
+ the command line using :&prompt.root; service sshd onestart
@@ -234,13 +258,14 @@ apache24_flags="-DSSL"
Network configuration
- Instead of a generic ethX identifier that
- &linux; uses to identify a network interface, &os; uses the driver
- name followed by a number. The following output
- from &man.ifconfig.8; shows two &intel; Pro 1000 network
- interfaces (em0 and em1):
+ Instead of a generic ethX identifier
+ that &linux; uses to identify a network interface, &os; uses the
+ driver name followed by a number. The following output from
+ &man.ifconfig.8; shows two &intel; Pro 1000 network
+ interfaces (em0 and
+ em1):
- &prompt.user; ifconfig
+ &prompt.user; ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255
@@ -254,61 +279,73 @@ em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
- An IP address can be assigned to an interface using
- &man.ifconfig.8;. To remain persistent across reboots, the
- IP configuration must be included in
- /etc/rc.conf. The following /etc/rc.conf entries
- specify the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:
+ An IP address can be assigned to an
+ interface using &man.ifconfig.8;. To remain persistent across
+ reboots, the IP configuration must be
+ included in /etc/rc.conf. The following
+ /etc/rc.conf entries specify the hostname,
+ IP address, and default gateway:
- hostname="server1.example.com"
+ hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="10.10.10.1"
- Use the following entries to instead configure an interface for DHCP:
+ Use the following entries to instead configure an interface
+ for DHCP:
- hostname="server1.example.com"
+ hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"Firewall
- &os; does not use &linux; IPTABLES for its firewall. Instead, &os; offers
- a choice of three kernel level firewalls:
+ &os; does not use &linux;
+ IPTABLES for its firewall. Instead,
+ &os; offers a choice of three kernel level firewalls:
- PF
- IPFILTER
- IPFW
+
+ PF
+
+
+ IPFILTER
+
+
+ IPFW
+
- PF is
- developed by the OpenBSD project and ported to &os;. PF was
- created as a replacement for IPFILTER and
- its syntax is similar to that of
- IPFILTER. PF can
- be paired with &man.altq.4; to provide QoS features.
-
- This sample PF entry allows inbound
- SSH:
-
- pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22
-
- IPFILTER is the firewall application
- developed by Darren Reed. It is not specific to &os; and has been
- ported to several operating systems including NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS,
- HP/UX, and Solaris.
+ PF is developed by the OpenBSD
+ project and ported to &os;. PF was
+ created as a replacement for IPFILTER
+ and its syntax is similar to that of
+ IPFILTER.
+ PF can be paired with &man.altq.4; to
+ provide QoS features.
+
+ This sample PF entry allows
+ inbound SSH:
+
+ pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22
+
+ IPFILTER is the firewall
+ application developed by Darren Reed. It is not specific to
+ &os; and has been ported to several operating systems including
+ NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX, and Solaris.
- The IPFILTER syntax to allow inbound
- SSH is:
+ The IPFILTER syntax to allow
+ inbound SSH is:pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22
-
- IPFW is the
- firewall developed and maintained by &os;.
- It can be paired with &man.dummynet.4; to
- provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate different types of
- network connections.
+
+ IPFW is the firewall developed
+ and maintained by &os;. It can be paired with &man.dummynet.4;
+ to provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate different
+ types of network connections.The IPFW syntax to allow inbound
SSH would be:
@@ -319,45 +356,49 @@ ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
Updating &os;
- There are two methods for updating a &os; system: from source or
- binary updates.
+ There are two methods for updating a &os; system: from
+ source or binary updates.
- Updating from source is the most involved update method, but offers
- the greatest amount of flexibility. The process involves synchronizing a
- local copy of the &os; source code with the &os;
- Subversion servers.
- Once the local source code is up-to-date, a new version of
- the kernel and userland can be compiled.
-
- Binary updates are similar to using yum or
- apt-get to update a &linux; system. In &os;,
- &man.freebsd-update.8; can be used fetch new binary updates and install them. These
- updates can be scheduled using &man.cron.8;.
+ Updating from source is the most involved update method, but
+ offers the greatest amount of flexibility. The process involves
+ synchronizing a local copy of the &os; source code with the &os;
+ Subversion servers. Once the local
+ source code is up-to-date, a new version of the kernel and
+ userland can be compiled.
+
+ Binary updates are similar to using yum
+ or apt-get to update a &linux; system. In
+ &os;, &man.freebsd-update.8; can be used fetch new binary
+ updates and install them. These updates can be scheduled using
+ &man.cron.8;.
- When using &man.cron.8; to schedule updates,
- use freebsd-update cron in the &man.crontab.1;
- to reduce the possibility of a large number of machines all pulling
- updates at the same time:
+ When using &man.cron.8; to schedule updates, use
+ freebsd-update cron in the &man.crontab.1;
+ to reduce the possibility of a large number of machines all
+ pulling updates at the same time:0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cronFor more information on source and binary updates, refer to
- the chapter on updating
- in the &os; Handbook.
+ the
+ chapter on updating in the &os; Handbook.
procfs: Gone But Not ForgottenIn some &linux; distributions, one could look at
- /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward to determine if
- IP forwarding is enabled. In &os; &man.sysctl.8; is instead used to
- view this and other system settings.
+ /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward to determine
+ if IP forwarding is enabled. In &os;
+ &man.sysctl.8; is instead used to view this and other system
+ settings.
- For example, use the following to
- determine if IP forwarding is enabled on a &os; system:
+ For example, use the following to determine if
+ IP forwarding is enabled on a &os;
+ system:&prompt.user; sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
@@ -367,15 +408,14 @@ net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
&prompt.user; sysctl -a | more
- If an application requires procfs,
- add the following entry to
- /etc/fstab:
+ If an application requires procfs, add the following entry
+ to /etc/fstab:proc /proc procfs rw,noauto 0 0
- Including will prevent
- /proc from being automatically mounted at
- boot.
+ Including will prevent
+ /proc from being automatically mounted at
+ boot.To mount the file system without rebooting:
@@ -387,71 +427,75 @@ net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
Some common command equivalents are as follows:
-
-
-
-
-
- &linux; command (Red Hat/Debian)
- &os; equivalent
- Purpose
-
-
-
-
-
- yum install package / apt-get install package
- pkg install package
- Install package from remote repository
-
-
-
- rpm -ivh package / dpkg -i package
- pkg add package
- Install local package
-
-
-
- rpm -qa / dpkg -l
- pkg info
- List installed packages
-
-
-
- lspci
- pciconf
- List PCI devices
-
-
-
- lsmod
- kldstat
- List loaded kernel modules
-
-
-
- modprobe
- kldload / kldunload
- Load/Unload kernel modules
-
-
-
- strace
- truss
- Trace system calls
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ &linux; command (Red Hat/Debian)
+ &os; equivalent
+ Purpose
+
+
+
+
+
+ yum install package /
+ apt-get install package
+ pkg install package
+ Install package from remote repository
+
+
+
+ rpm -ivh package
+ / dpkg -i package
+ pkg add package
+ Install local package
+
+
+
+ rpm -qa
+ / dpkg -l
+ pkg info
+ List installed packages
+
+
+
+ lspci
+ pciconf
+ List PCI devices
+
+
+
+ lsmod
+ kldstat
+ List loaded kernel modules
+
+
+
+ modprobe
+ kldload
+ / kldunload
+ Load/Unload kernel modules
+
+
+
+ strace
+ truss
+ Trace system calls
+
+
+
+ Conclusion
- This document has provided an overview of
- &os;. Refer to the &os; Handbook
- for more in-depth coverage of these topics as well as
- the many topics not covered by this document.
+ This document has provided an overview of &os;. Refer to
+ the &os; Handbook
+ for more in-depth coverage of these topics as well as the many
+ topics not covered by this document.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 18:55:30 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 18:55:30 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43768 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 18:55:29 2014
New Revision: 43768
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43768
Log:
Fix 2 grammos and a title capitalization.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 18:53:37 2014 (r43767)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml Tue Feb 4 18:55:29 2014 (r43768)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
compiled from ports using makepackage.
- A complete list of of all available ports and packages can
+ A complete list of all available ports and packages can
be found here.
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ apache24_flags="-DSSL"
- Network configuration
+ Network ConfigurationInstead of a generic ethX identifier
that &linux; uses to identify a network interface, &os; uses the
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
In some &linux; distributions, one could look at
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward to determine
- if IP forwarding is enabled. In &os;
+ if IP forwarding is enabled. In &os;,
&man.sysctl.8; is instead used to view this and other system
settings.
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 19:32:45 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43769 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 19:32:45 2014
New Revision: 43769
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43769
Log:
Fix grammo.
Submitted by: wblock
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 18:55:29 2014 (r43768)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 19:32:45 2014 (r43769)
@@ -2776,7 +2776,7 @@ Script done, …
&prompt.root; pkg which /usr/local/lib/libXext.so
/usr/local/lib/libXext.so was installed by package libXext-1.1.1,1
- Then deinstall, rebuild and reinstall the port.
+ Then deinstall, rebuild, and reinstall the port.
ports-mgmt/portmaster can
be used to automate this process. After all ports are rebuilt
and no longer use the old libraries, delete the old libraries
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 4 20:19:23 2014
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From: Dru Lavigne
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 20:19:22 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43770 - in head/en_US.ISO8859-1: books/handbook/jails
books/handbook/ports htdocs/ports
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Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 4 20:19:22 2014
New Revision: 43770
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43770
Log:
Remove references to updating-upgrading-portsnap in prep for moving the remaining meat of this section into ports-using.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/ports/installing.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 19:32:45 2014 (r43769)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 20:19:22 2014 (r43770)
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ jail_www_devf
sysutils/cpdup package
will be required. We will use the &man.portsnap.8; utility
to download the &os; Ports Collection. The Handbook
- Portsnap
+ Portsnap
Chapter is always good reading for
newcomers.
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 19:32:45 2014 (r43769)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml Tue Feb 4 20:19:22 2014 (r43770)
@@ -892,9 +892,7 @@ Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... don
Portsnap is a fast and
user-friendly tool for retrieving the Ports Collection and
- is the recommended choice for most users. See for a detailed
- description of Portsnap.
+ is the recommended choice for most users.Download a compressed snapshot of the Ports Collection
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/ports/installing.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/ports/installing.xml Tue Feb 4 19:32:45 2014 (r43769)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/ports/installing.xml Tue Feb 4 20:19:22 2014 (r43770)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
If the Ports Collection is not initially installed, it can be added
with portsnap
+ href="&base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html">portsnap
or Subversion.
FreeBSD kann von mehreren Medien installiert werden,
- beispielsweise von CD-ROM, DVD, Disketten, einer MS-DOS®-Partition,
- Bandlaufwerken, Anonymous-FTP und NFS. Bevor Sie FreeBSD
+ beispielsweise von CD-ROM, DVD, USB-Stick oder sogar direkt über das
+ Netzwerk mittels anonymen FTP, HTTP oder NFS. Bevor Sie FreeBSD
herunterladen, lesen Sie bitte die Installationsanleitung.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Feb 7 09:44:56 2014
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From: Johann Kois
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2014 09:44:56 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43819 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs
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Author: jkois
Date: Fri Feb 7 09:44:56 2014
New Revision: 43819
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43819
Log:
Point the user to the correct version of the installation guide (8.X or 9.X-and-later).
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml Fri Feb 7 08:51:49 2014 (r43818)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml Fri Feb 7 09:44:56 2014 (r43819)
@@ -25,14 +25,16 @@
-
There are many options for installing FreeBSD, including
installation from CD-ROM, DVD, USB stick or even directly using
- anonymous FTP, HTTP, or NFS. Please read through the
- installation
- guide before downloading the entire FreeBSD distribution.
+ anonymous FTP, HTTP, or NFS. Depending on the &os; version you want
+ to install, please read through the &os; 9.X/10.X
+ installation guide or the &os; 8.X
+ installation guide before downloading the entire FreeBSD distribution.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Feb 7 12:04:47 2014
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From: Ryusuke SUZUKI
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2014 12:04:47 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43820 - head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs
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Author: ryusuke
Date: Fri Feb 7 12:04:46 2014
New Revision: 43820
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43820
Log:
- Merge the following from the English version:
r43575 -> r43819 head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs/where.xml
Modified:
head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs/where.xml
Modified: head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs/where.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs/where.xml Fri Feb 7 09:44:56 2014 (r43819)
+++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/htdocs/where.xml Fri Feb 7 12:04:46 2014 (r43820)
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
]>
-
+
@@ -26,14 +26,20 @@
-
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Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:29:39 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43829 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 01:29:39 2014
New Revision: 43829
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43829
Log:
Trim wantlist.xml entries older than 2012-01-01.
These entries were not transferred to the new wiki page.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.xml Sat Feb 8 01:24:29 2014 (r43828)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.xml Sat Feb 8 01:29:39 2014 (r43829)
@@ -66,104 +66,6 @@
-
jcamou
-
AZ, USA.
-
Gigabit switch
-
Development/build cluster. Any kind of switch could
- work.
-
2005/08/11
-
-
-
-
jkoshy
-
Rishi Valley, India.
-
4-port USB KVM switch & USB<->PS/2 adapters
-
Facilitate working with multiple machines.
-
2008/09/02
-
-
-
-
jkoshy
-
Rishi Valley, India.
-
Solar backed UPS (500W x 4-6 hrs)
-
Permit work on FreeBSD in the absence of grid power.
-
2008/09/02
-
-
-
-
jmg
-
California, USA
-
Fast multiprocessor AMD64 capable machine (dual core CPU ok).
-
General build box to support FreeBSD work including ARM and
- multi-arch testing of patches.
-
2006/07/17
-
-
-
-
kientzle
-
California, USA
-
Tape drive, preferably SCSI DDS-3 or later
-
bsdtar testing and development.
-
2010/01/24
-
-
-
-
marcel
-
CA, USA
-
1GB of low-profile PC133 SDRAM (168pin DIMM). Memory can be
- buffered or unbuffered, preferably one 1GB DIMM or two 512MB
- DIMMs. Low-profile is a must. ECC is optional.
-
More memory allows for better workloads when testing code in
- SMP setups.
-
2007/05/26
-
-
-
-
marks
-
The Netherlands
-
ACPI laptops (also for lend)
-
(1) ACPI laptops that work, to test new code on.
- (2) ACPI laptops that don't work, (to try) to fix.
-
2004/12/19
-
-
-
-
markus
-
Germany
-
IBM ThinkPad Dock II
-
(1) Enhance the acpi_ibm(4) driver.
- (2) Enhance docking support.
-
2005/06/13
-
-
-
-
matusita
-
Japan
-
2-3 build machines:Pentium4 2GHz+,20GB+ ATA66+
- HDD,256MB+RAM, 100base-TX NIC,serial, etc.
IBM PPC desktop or rackmount hardware with a POWER4/5/6/7 or Cell CPU
-
Add support for these machines.
-
2010/08/17
-
-
-
obrien
Silicon Valley, USA
SunBlade 2500 with 2x 1.6 ghz processors (or 1.28ghz).
@@ -207,18 +109,6 @@
portmgr
-
Silion Valley, California
-
- 36GB or greater 1" high SCSI hotplug hard drives
-
-
- Replace old drives in package building cluster machines.
-
-
2009/07/23
-
-
-
-
portmgr
worldwide
powerpc gear
@@ -229,20 +119,6 @@
2012/01/27
-
-
-
portmgr
-
worldwide
-
- sparc64 gear
-
-
- We could specifically use rack-mounted Sparcs (such as
- SunFire V120, V210, or V240) for our package building
- cluster in the US.
-
-
2009/07/23
-
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 01:34:53 2014
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:34:52 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43830 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 01:34:52 2014
New Revision: 43830
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43830
Log:
Stop building wantlist.html.
A followup commit will add a static wantlist.html page for
redirection purpose, intended to be removed after a few days.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile Sat Feb 8 01:29:39 2014 (r43829)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile Sat Feb 8 01:34:52 2014 (r43830)
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
.include "../Makefile.inc"
.endif
-DOCS= index.xml wantlist.xml donors.xml
+DOCS= index.xml donors.xml
.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/web.site.mk"
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 01:47:57 2014
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:47:56 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43831 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 01:47:56 2014
New Revision: 43831
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43831
Log:
Add a static wantlist.html page, which will serve as a temporary
redirector.
The redirection changes will happen after the next website rebuild.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Added:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html (contents, props changed)
Added: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
==============================================================================
--- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 01:47:56 2014 (r43831)
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+
+
+
+
+ FreeBSD Developers Want List
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
This page lists various developer hardware needs. If you are
+ interested in supporting the FreeBSD Project, you might consider
+ donating some piece of hardware on this list to the Project.
+
+
We provide the FreeBSD username of the developer who needs a
+ resource, the country they are in (for shipping purposes), the
+ equipment they desire, and the use to which that equipment will
+ be put.
If you would like to donate something on this list, please
+ contact donations@FreeBSD.org.
+
+
On a general note, we need a variety of Sparc64 machines for
+ testing and improving our Sparc port. Even small, old (or
+ new!) Sparc64 machines are perfectly usable. No matter which
+ country you're in, we almost certainly have someone local who
+ could use it.
+
+
+
+
Developer ID
+
Developer Country
+
Equipment Desired
+
Equipment Use
+
Date Added
+
+
+
+
des
+
Oslo, Norway
+
Hosting for up to a full rack of 1U servers
+
New source tinderbox / continuous integration system. I
+ have the hardware (including spares), but nowhere to host it.
+ External bandwidth requirements are very modest, but a separate
+ gigabit switch is needed for internal communication.
+
2013-02-15
+
+
+
+
des
+
Oslo, Norway
+
ATX motherboard with Intel H77 chipset, Intel Core
+ i7-3770S, 32 GB (4x8) PC3-12800 memory with heatsink.
+
Upgrade main development box, which is six years old. No
+ chassis, PSU or disks required.
+
2013-02-15
+
+
+
+
obrien
+
Silicon Valley, USA
+
SunBlade 2500 with 2x 1.6 ghz processors (or 1.28ghz).
+
Continued FreeBSD/sparc64 development and testing.
+
2012/05/30
+
+
+
+
obrien
+
Silicon Valley, USA
+
Apple G5 dual-processor tower.
+
Continued FreeBSD/PowerPC development and testing.
+ Upgrade package building cluster machines at ISC to 8GB or preferably 16GB.
+
+
2012/01/25
+
+
+
+
portmgr
+
worldwide
+
+ powerpc gear
+
+
+ We could specifically use rack-mounted powerpcs (such as
+ Xserve G5s) for our package building cluster in the US.
+
+
2012/01/27
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 01:51:06 2014
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:51:05 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43832 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
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New Revision: 43832
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43832
Log:
Remove wantlist.xml.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Deleted:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.xml
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:51:46 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43833 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 01:51:46 2014
New Revision: 43833
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43833
Log:
Hook the static wantlist.html to the build.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile Sat Feb 8 01:51:05 2014 (r43832)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/Makefile Sat Feb 8 01:51:46 2014 (r43833)
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@
.endif
DOCS= index.xml donors.xml
+DATA= wantlist.html
.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/web.site.mk"
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 01:53:34 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43834 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 01:53:33 2014
New Revision: 43834
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43834
Log:
Add a header in BIG BOLD LETTERS that the page has moved to the
wiki.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 01:51:46 2014 (r43833)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 01:53:33 2014 (r43834)
@@ -260,6 +260,10 @@
This page lists various developer hardware needs. If you are
interested in supporting the FreeBSD Project, you might consider
donating some piece of hardware on this list to the Project.
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 02:10:49 2014
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To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43835 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 02:10:48 2014
New Revision: 43835
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43835
Log:
Add a redirect to the new wantlist page in the wiki.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 01:53:33 2014 (r43834)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 02:10:48 2014 (r43835)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
+
Click here if
+ not automatically redirected in 5 seconds.
This page lists various developer hardware needs. If you are
interested in supporting the FreeBSD Project, you might consider
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 02:14:11 2014
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To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43836 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 02:14:10 2014
New Revision: 43836
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43836
Log:
Purge the old content from wantlist.html.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 02:10:48 2014 (r43835)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 02:14:10 2014 (r43836)
@@ -263,118 +263,6 @@
This page has moved.
-
Click here if
- not automatically redirected in 5 seconds.
-
-
This page lists various developer hardware needs. If you are
- interested in supporting the FreeBSD Project, you might consider
- donating some piece of hardware on this list to the Project.
-
-
We provide the FreeBSD username of the developer who needs a
- resource, the country they are in (for shipping purposes), the
- equipment they desire, and the use to which that equipment will
- be put.
If you would like to donate something on this list, please
- contact donations@FreeBSD.org.
-
-
On a general note, we need a variety of Sparc64 machines for
- testing and improving our Sparc port. Even small, old (or
- new!) Sparc64 machines are perfectly usable. No matter which
- country you're in, we almost certainly have someone local who
- could use it.
-
-
-
-
Developer ID
-
Developer Country
-
Equipment Desired
-
Equipment Use
-
Date Added
-
-
-
-
des
-
Oslo, Norway
-
Hosting for up to a full rack of 1U servers
-
New source tinderbox / continuous integration system. I
- have the hardware (including spares), but nowhere to host it.
- External bandwidth requirements are very modest, but a separate
- gigabit switch is needed for internal communication.
-
2013-02-15
-
-
-
-
des
-
Oslo, Norway
-
ATX motherboard with Intel H77 chipset, Intel Core
- i7-3770S, 32 GB (4x8) PC3-12800 memory with heatsink.
-
Upgrade main development box, which is six years old. No
- chassis, PSU or disks required.
-
2013-02-15
-
-
-
-
obrien
-
Silicon Valley, USA
-
SunBlade 2500 with 2x 1.6 ghz processors (or 1.28ghz).
-
Continued FreeBSD/sparc64 development and testing.
-
2012/05/30
-
-
-
-
obrien
-
Silicon Valley, USA
-
Apple G5 dual-processor tower.
-
Continued FreeBSD/PowerPC development and testing.
- Upgrade package building cluster machines at ISC to 8GB or preferably 16GB.
-
-
2012/01/25
-
-
-
-
portmgr
-
worldwide
-
- powerpc gear
-
-
- We could specifically use rack-mounted powerpcs (such as
- Xserve G5s) for our package building cluster in the US.
-
-
2012/01/27
-
-
-
From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Feb 8 02:24:04 2014
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From: Glen Barber
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 02:24:04 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43837 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations
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Author: gjb
Date: Sat Feb 8 02:24:04 2014
New Revision: 43837
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43837
Log:
Whoops. Went a bit too delete-crazy. Add the 'Click here if not
redirected' link back.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 02:14:10 2014 (r43836)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/donations/wantlist.html Sat Feb 8 02:24:04 2014 (r43837)
@@ -263,6 +263,10 @@
This page has moved.
+
Click here if
+ not automatically redirected in 5 seconds.
+
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From: Johann Kois
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 07:51:13 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r43838 - head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/htdocs
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Author: jkois
Date: Sat Feb 8 07:51:13 2014
New Revision: 43838
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43838
Log:
r43575 -> r43819
MFde: Sync the German translation of this page.
Obtained from: The FreeBSD German Documentation Project
Modified:
head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml
Modified: head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml Sat Feb 8 02:24:04 2014 (r43837)
+++ head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/htdocs/where.xml Sat Feb 8 07:51:13 2014 (r43838)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
-
+
]>
@@ -26,13 +26,17 @@
-
FreeBSD kann von mehreren Medien installiert werden,
beispielsweise von CD-ROM, DVD, USB-Stick oder sogar direkt über das
- Netzwerk mittels anonymen FTP, HTTP oder NFS. Bevor Sie FreeBSD
- herunterladen, lesen Sie bitte die Installationsanleitung.
+ Netzwerk mittels anonymen FTP, HTTP oder NFS. Je nachdem, welche
+ &os;-Version Sie installieren wollen, lesen Sie bitte entweder die &os; 9.X/10.X
+ Installationsanleitung oder die &os; 8.X
+ Installationsanleitung, bevor Sie mit dem Herunterladen
+ beginnen.
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From: Benedict Reuschling
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 22:08:51 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
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Subject: svn commit: r43839 - in head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook: backups
sound updating
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Author: bcr
Date: Sat Feb 8 22:08:51 2014
New Revision: 43839
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43839
Log:
Remove directories no longer present in the current handbook.
The directories were empty anyway, so delete them completely to avoid
further confusion.
Obtained from: The FreeBSD German Documentation Project
Deleted:
head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/backups/
head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/
head/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating/