From owner-freebsd-emulation Sun Dec 8 14:12:40 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id OAA26303 for emulation-outgoing; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:12:40 -0800 (PST) Received: from momentum.nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id OAA26298 for ; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:12:34 -0800 (PST) Received: (from mini@localhost) by momentum.nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) id OAA08411; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:07:58 -0800 (PST) Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:07:57 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini Reply-To: Jonathan Mini To: "Pedro Giffuni S." cc: Jonathan Mini , freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation In-Reply-To: <32A79D8D.75BC@fps.biblos.unal.edu.co> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Thu, 5 Dec 1996, Pedro Giffuni S. wrote: > > Linix is proud of thier ELFs, I have never understood why. I have heard > > that thier a.outs are not as robust, but I can't confirm it. > The exact term someone on this list used was "sucks" :). Yes fbsd is > very superior in this sense to Linux, what I wonder is if I should I'm not certain that not being ELF-only is superior. Frankly, my view is that if both are supported it is a better config. Which I beleive is the case. *I* like a.out's because they're faster. =) Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) Sent from home machine. From owner-freebsd-emulation Sun Dec 8 15:00:18 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id PAA28569 for emulation-outgoing; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 15:00:18 -0800 (PST) Received: from momentum.nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id PAA28563 for ; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 15:00:12 -0800 (PST) Received: (from mini@localhost) by momentum.nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) id NAA08397; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 13:55:26 -0800 (PST) Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 13:55:25 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini Reply-To: Jonathan Mini To: "Martin v.Loewis" cc: "Pedro Giffuni S." , freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation In-Reply-To: <199612070006.BAA02982@cent.cs.tu-berlin.de> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@FreeBSD.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk > - Does it support libdl? I.e. can new objects be loaded after program started? FreeBSD's a.out's most definatly support libdl and very nicely. =) I and a firend of mine have been playing with libbl. He is writing a game that runs entirely off of libdl linked objects. He is proud to say that he can debug, patch and change the running executable without stopping the process. I think he's having too much fun. Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) Sent from home machine. From owner-freebsd-emulation Sun Dec 8 16:37:40 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id QAA03668 for emulation-outgoing; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 16:37:40 -0800 (PST) Received: from pegasus.com (pegasus.com [140.174.243.13]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA03662 for ; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 16:37:36 -0800 (PST) Received: by pegasus.com (8.6.8/PEGASUS-2.2) id OAA00519; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:37:09 -1000 Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:37:09 -1000 From: richard@pegasus.com (Richard Foulk) Message-Id: <199612090037.OAA00519@pegasus.com> In-Reply-To: Jonathan Mini "Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation" (Dec 8, 2:07pm) X-Mailer: Mail User's Shell (7.2.5 10/14/92) To: freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk } } I'm not certain that not being ELF-only is superior. Frankly, my view is } that if both are supported it is a better config. Which I beleive is the } case. *I* like a.out's because they're faster. =) } The added complexity doesn't faze you? When you get around to porting your kitchen sink please make it optional. Richard From owner-freebsd-emulation Sun Dec 8 19:24:24 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id TAA17334 for emulation-outgoing; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 19:24:24 -0800 (PST) Received: from haus.efn.org (haus.efn.org [198.68.17.3]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id TAA17325 for ; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 19:24:22 -0800 (PST) Received: from garcia.efn.org (j_mini@garcia.efn.org [198.68.17.5]) by haus.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) with ESMTP id TAA11975; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 19:28:54 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost (j_mini@localhost) by garcia.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.2) with SMTP id TAA10059; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 19:24:12 -0800 (PST) X-Authentication-Warning: garcia.efn.org: j_mini owned process doing -bs Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 19:24:12 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini To: Richard Foulk cc: freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation In-Reply-To: <199612090037.OAA00519@pegasus.com> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk > When you get around to porting your kitchen sink please make it optional. But I h`already _HAVE_ ported my kitchen sink. The pipes are TCP/IP capable. Unfortunatly, I was annoyed at having to use tun0 for pp across them, but then I'm too lazy to write an interface for ks0. Wouldn't it be nice though? Accessing your garbagte disponsal via an interactive console : bash$ telnet garbage.kitchen Trying 192.168.0.32... Connected to garbage.kitchen. Escape character is '^]'. Garbage Dispsal V 0.96b (garbage.kitchen) login: god password: Invalid login. .... Well, I'm having security problems, but at least my garbage disposal busts a login prompt. Jon Mini, j_mini@efn.org -------------------------------------------------------------------------- I hear this little voice in my head screaming, "WHAT HAVE YOU DONE?!?" I hope it is Reality, for I ignore him. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- From owner-freebsd-emulation Sun Dec 8 23:53:23 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id XAA14933 for emulation-outgoing; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 23:53:23 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id XAA14920 for ; Sun, 8 Dec 1996 23:53:19 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id SAA08541; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:21:47 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612090751.SAA08541@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation In-Reply-To: <199612070006.BAA02982@cent.cs.tu-berlin.de> from "Martin v.Loewis" at "Dec 7, 96 01:06:48 am" To: loewis@cs.tu-berlin.de (Martin v.Loewis) Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:21:46 +1030 (CST) Cc: pgiffuni@fps.biblos.unal.edu.co, freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@FreeBSD.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Martin v.Loewis stands accused of saying: > > Out of curiosity, can somebody explain (or point me to) what exactly makes > the FreeBSD a.out superior to similar formats found on other systems? > Specifically, I'd like to know the following things: > - How does it deal with relocation in shared libraries? Does it require > the shared libraries to be at a fixed address? If not, does it relocate > the image? If so, is the sharing among different processes preserved? > If not, how does it deal with global variables being at different places? Try 'man link' and 'man ld.so' for the answers to these and other questions. The 'a.out' format is 'adequate' rather than 'superior'. There are good reasons to consider ELF for the future, but there is not the pressing need that drove the Linux community in that direction. > - Does it support libdl? I.e. can new objects be loaded after > program started? If you mean "are the dl* family of functions supported", the answer is Yes. Try 'man dlopen'. > - How does it do versioning? Is there a concept of major and minor versions? Yes. > If a program requests a version, what library versions would be offered? The exact match if possible, then other versions with the same major. > Is the location of the library stored in the image? No. > How does it deal with interdependecies between shared images? I.e. suppose > I have libfoo.1, libfoo.2 and libbar.1. libbar.1 depends on libfoo.1, and > libfoo.1 and libfoo.2 are mutually incompatible. Can I build new programs > so that they get linked with libfoo.2, unless I also need to link with > libbar.1? If so, do I need to specify this requirement to the linker? The linker will always link against the most recent version of a library. In your situation the correct answer would be "update libbar" 8) You could also achieve your desired result by putting libfoo.1 in a seperate directory and explicitly referencing it in the linker invocation. If you had an application that was linked against libbar.1 and libfoo.1, it would run correctly on a system with libbar.1, libfoo.1 and libfoo.2 all installed. > Martin Hopefully that answers at least some of your questions. -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 10:25:52 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id KAA20142 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 10:25:52 -0800 (PST) Received: from fps.biblos.unal.edu.co ([168.176.37.11]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA20132 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 10:25:43 -0800 (PST) From: pgiffuni@fps.biblos.unal.edu.co Received: from localhost by fps.biblos.unal.edu.co (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA23928; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 13:30:50 -0500 Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 13:30:50 -0500 (EST) To: "Sean J. Schluntz" Cc: cracauer@wavehh.hanse.de, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: status of windows, dos and svr4 emulation In-Reply-To: Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Sat, 7 Dec 1996, Sean J. Schluntz wrote: > > Perhaps someone with NetBSD, or OpenBSD, can give a try to the demo > > version available at: > > http://www.sun.com/solaris/products/wabi/support/distribute/wabi22demo.html > > I think I would rather run the Linux version, I hear it's faster because they > didn't need to compile in a lot of Solaris garbage. It's supposed to be > cleaner and faster under Linux. > And there`s no other choice right now :) Pedro. > -Sean > > (then again all I know is PR.) > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Sean J. Schluntz > Manager, Support Services ph. 408.997.6900 x222 > PinPoint Software Corporation fx. 408.323.2300 > 6155 Almaden Expressway, Suite 100 > San Jose, CA. 95120 http://www.pinpt.com/ > > Local Time Sent: 12/07/96 19:19:07 > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 12:20:55 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id MAA28188 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 12:20:55 -0800 (PST) Received: from gateway.telecom.ksu.edu (root@gateway.telecom.ksu.edu [129.130.63.239]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id MAA28180 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 12:20:46 -0800 (PST) Received: from sioux.telecom.ksu.edu(129.130.60.32) by pawnee.telecom.ksu.edu via smap (V1.3) id sma008315; Mon Dec 9 14:16:53 1996 From: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Message-Id: <199612092016.OAA19241@telecom.ksu.edu> Subject: bochs (386 emulation) To: freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.ORG Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 14:16:53 -0600 (CST) X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@FreeBSD.ORG X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Has anyone been able to get bochs up and running under a FreeBSD system? I've got the program compiled; however, I am unable to boot a floppy under bochs, and thus I'm unable to format the image file for the hard drive. I'm continuing to try differant ideas, but I'm starting to run out. If anyone has bochs running, and has install notes, please pass them along. Thanks --- Joe Diehl KSU Dept. of Telecommunications From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 18:51:22 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id SAA28809 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:51:22 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id SAA28804 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:51:19 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id NAA12530; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 13:20:27 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612100250.NAA12530@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612092016.OAA19241@telecom.ksu.edu> from Joe Diehl at "Dec 9, 96 02:16:53 pm" To: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 13:20:26 +1030 (CST) Cc: freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.ORG X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@FreeBSD.ORG X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Joe Diehl stands accused of saying: > Has anyone been able to get bochs up and running under a FreeBSD system? > > I've got the program compiled; however, I am unable to boot a floppy > under bochs, and thus I'm unable to format the image file for the hard > drive. I just pointed it at my pcemu boot image; what exactly are you trying to do? > Joe Diehl -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 19:28:28 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id TAA01782 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:28:28 -0800 (PST) Received: from ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de [134.147.6.16]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id TAA01770 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:28:24 -0800 (PST) Received: (from roberte@localhost) by ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (8.7.5/8.7.3) id EAA05437; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 04:27:26 +0100 (MET) From: Robert Eckardt Message-Id: <199612100327.EAA05437@ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612092016.OAA19241@telecom.ksu.edu> from Joe Diehl at "9. Dec. 96 14:14:13" To: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 04:27:25 +0100 (MET) Cc: freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL25 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk > Has anyone been able to get bochs up and running under a FreeBSD system? Yup. > I've got the program compiled; however, I am unable to boot a floppy > under bochs, and thus I'm unable to format the image file for the hard > drive. > > I'm continuing to try differant ideas, but I'm starting to run out. If > anyone has bochs running, and has install notes, please pass them along. I got it walking (I wouldn't call it "running" :-) on my 486DX2/66 under 2.1.5-R. Since you got the program compiled (that was the hard part for me), you got around this 'bx_hga_memory' stuff. I just cat'd a bootable floppy with DOS6.22 to a file `Floppy-A', dd'd a 46MB softdisk and use the following lines in .bochsrc (in the src-dir): # My First Test megs: 8 boot: c diskc: file=./46M.dos, cyl=940, heads=6, spt=17 floppya: 1_44=Floppy-A #floppyb: 1_44=../1.44_doom2 #vgaromimage: ../vgacbios961111 #romimage: ../cbios961112 #romimage: ../romimage2 #romimage: ../cbios961203 #vgaromimage: ../vgatbios Then I started with `bochs -bootA' I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. fdisk and format went fine. (Next is Win59 :-) Robert > Joe Diehl -- Robert Eckardt \\ FreeBSD -- solutions for a large universe.(tm) RobertE@MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de \\ What do you want to boot tomorrow ?(tm) http://WWW.MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de/~roberte For PGP-key finger roberte@gluon.MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 19:45:02 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id TAA03301 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:45:02 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id TAA03281 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:44:57 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id OAA12978; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 14:14:37 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612100344.OAA12978@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612100327.EAA05437@ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de> from Robert Eckardt at "Dec 10, 96 04:27:25 am" To: roberte@mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (Robert Eckardt) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 14:14:36 +1030 (CST) Cc: joed@telecom.ksu.edu, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Robert Eckardt stands accused of saying: > > Then I started with `bochs -bootA' > I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. FWIW, this is DOS checking the keyboard controller. I think it sends a 'reset' command and expects a response of some sort; it's been a while since I looked at that for doscmd. > Robert Eckardt \\ FreeBSD -- solutions for a large universe.(tm) -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 20:38:56 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id UAA08287 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 20:38:56 -0800 (PST) Received: from gateway.telecom.ksu.edu (smtp@gateway.telecom.ksu.edu [129.130.63.239]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id UAA08272 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 20:38:53 -0800 (PST) Received: from sioux.telecom.ksu.edu(129.130.60.32) by pawnee.telecom.ksu.edu via smap (V1.3) id sma011707; Mon Dec 9 22:38:25 1996 From: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Message-Id: <199612100438.WAA25264@telecom.ksu.edu> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) To: msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au (Michael Smith) Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 22:38:25 -0600 (CST) Cc: freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org In-Reply-To: <199612100344.OAA12978@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> from "Michael Smith" at Dec 10, 96 02:14:36 pm X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk As Michael Smith wrote: > > Robert Eckardt stands accused of saying: > > > > Then I started with `bochs -bootA' > > I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. > > FWIW, this is DOS checking the keyboard controller. I think it sends > a 'reset' command and expects a response of some sort; it's been a while > since I looked at that for doscmd. > > Alas, this was the original problem. Reran bochs and hit return, and the program started going again, but later paniced and died.. The output of the debugging information being spit to the xterm is listed at the bottom of the message if anyone is interested. I am running the latest version on the ftp site (from december), perhaps I should try moving backwards in versions. Is anyone successfully running this version of the software? KBD: unsupported int 16h function 92h KBD: controller passed byte f2h to keyboard KBD: indentify keyboard command received int15h: default handler encounters CF=0 KBD: controller passed byte f2h to keyboard KBD: indentify keyboard command received int15h: default handler encounters CF=0 KBD: controller passed byte f2h to keyboard KBD: indentify keyboard command received vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 int15h: default handler encounters CF=0 vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 int10h: f 1A, sf 0: returning hardcoded result unsupported IO read from port 56e0 unsupported IO read from port aae0 unsupported IO read from port e2e0 unsupported IO read from port 1ee0 int10h: f 12h: sf 34h bochs: panic, int10h: f 12h: subf BL=34h real mode CS.d_b = 16 bit current operand size = 16 current address size = 16 SS.d_b = 16 bit --- Joe Diehl KSU Dept. of Telecommunications From owner-freebsd-emulation Mon Dec 9 20:53:36 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id UAA09701 for emulation-outgoing; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 20:53:36 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id UAA09685 for ; Mon, 9 Dec 1996 20:53:31 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id PAA13428; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 15:23:13 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612100453.PAA13428@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612100438.WAA25264@telecom.ksu.edu> from Joe Diehl at "Dec 9, 96 10:38:25 pm" To: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 15:23:12 +1030 (CST) Cc: msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk > int10h: f 12h: sf 34h > bochs: panic, int10h: f 12h: subf BL=34h --------V-1012--BL34------------------------- INT 10 - VIDEO - ALTERNATE FUNCTION SELECT (VGA) - CURSOR EMULATION AH = 12h BL = 34h AL = new state 00h enable alphanumeric cursor emulation 01h disable alphanumeric cursor emulation Return: AL = 12h if function supported Desc: specify whether the BIOS should automatically remap cursor start/end according to the current character height in text modes SeeAlso: AH=01h,AH=03h Looks like the VGA emulation isn't up to it yet. Try an older version of DOS, or perhaps try booting from something other than the DOS install disk. You could also hack the code where the panic is generated to return something other than 0x12 in AL to work around this. > Joe Diehl -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Tue Dec 10 05:36:13 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id FAA00895 for emulation-outgoing; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 05:36:13 -0800 (PST) Received: from who.cdrom.com (who.cdrom.com [204.216.27.3]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id FAA00861 for ; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 05:36:09 -0800 (PST) Received: from ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de [134.147.6.16]) by who.cdrom.com (8.7.5/8.6.11) with ESMTP id EAA13223 for ; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 04:11:33 -0800 (PST) Received: (from roberte@localhost) by ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (8.7.5/8.7.3) id MAA06256; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 12:59:14 +0100 (MET) From: Robert Eckardt Message-Id: <199612101159.MAA06256@ghost.mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612100438.WAA25264@telecom.ksu.edu> from Joe Diehl at "9. Dec. 96 22:35:45" To: joed@telecom.ksu.edu (Joe Diehl) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 12:59:12 +0100 (MET) Cc: msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL25 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk > As Michael Smith wrote: > > > > Robert Eckardt stands accused of saying: > > > > > > Then I started with `bochs -bootA' > > > I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. > > > > FWIW, this is DOS checking the keyboard controller. I think it sends > > a 'reset' command and expects a response of some sort; it's been a while > > since I looked at that for doscmd. BTW, Kevin Lawton says in INSTALL.DOS_WIN31: > *** NOTE: I've noticed on DOS 6.22, upon bootup, DOS waits for a period > of time before preceeding. I haven't figured out why yet, but > typing Enter seems to make it stop waiting. I used the 4 Dec. version with Hercules graphics. (configure --disable-hga-dumps --with-x) I had to change the following -- may be it helps: main.cc-950-#endif main.cc-951- bx_cpu.debug(&bx_cpu.cs, bx_cpu.prev_eip); main.cc:952:/*bx_vga_dump_status();*/ /*RE*/ main.cc-953- // bx_show_last_instructions(); main.cc-954- } -- iodev/bios.cc-511- iodev/bios.cc-512- /*--- 8254 PIT ---*/ iodev/bios.cc:513:/* bx_init_pit_bios();*/ /*RE*/ iodev/bios.cc-514- iodev/bios.cc-515- /*--- 8237 DMA controller ---*/ -- iodev/hga.cc-70-Bit8u bx_hga_memory[64 * 1024]; iodev/hga.cc-71-#else iodev/hga.cc:72:Bit8u bx_hga_memory[64 * 1024]; /*RE*/ iodev/hga.cc:73:/*Bit8u *bx_hga_memory = &bx_phy_memory[0xb0000];*/ /*RE*/ iodev/hga.cc-74-#endif iodev/hga.cc-75- -- iodev/hga.h-47-extern Bit8u bx_hga_memory[64 * 1024]; iodev/hga.h-48-#else iodev/hga.h:49:extern Bit8u bx_hga_memory[64 * 1024]; /*RE*/ iodev/hga.h:50:/*extern Bit8u *bx_hga_memory;*/ /*RE*/ iodev/hga.h-51-#endif iodev/hga.h-52- And in config.h #define BX_EMULATE_HGA_DUMPS no to #define BX_EMULATE_HGA_DUMPS 0 > Joe Diehl -- Robert Eckardt \\ FreeBSD -- solutions for a large universe.(tm) RobertE@MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de \\ What do you want to boot tomorrow ?(tm) http://WWW.MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de/~roberte For PGP-key finger roberte@gluon.MEP.Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de From owner-freebsd-emulation Tue Dec 10 21:33:06 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id VAA15904 for emulation-outgoing; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 21:33:06 -0800 (PST) Received: from momentum.nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id VAA15889 for ; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 21:33:01 -0800 (PST) Received: (from mini@localhost) by momentum.nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) id UAA11507; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 20:25:50 -0800 (PST) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 20:25:49 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini Reply-To: Jonathan Mini To: Joe Diehl cc: Michael Smith , freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612100438.WAA25264@telecom.ksu.edu> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Mon, 9 Dec 1996, Joe Diehl wrote: > KBD: unsupported int 16h function 92h > KBD: controller passed byte f2h to keyboard > KBD: indentify keyboard command received > int15h: default handler encounters CF=0 What's going on here is that somebody tried installing a custom keymap translator. (such as the DOS dvorak driver) but then returned a result to the standard controller that says "this is an invalid key" or a similar response. > KBD: controller passed byte f2h to keyboard Scan code f2h is not a valid key... and also, it isn't a valid status control code either. > KBD: indentify keyboard command received doesn't seem to like keyboard identify commands? > vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 > vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 > vga_update(): updated=0 enabled=1 These look fine to me, I don't think it's an error.. just a message. > int10h: f 1A, sf 0: returning hardcoded result Ok: Int 10, AH = 1A is "AT BIOS Video Services", "Display Combination" My documentatino mentions it as supported on the PS, VGA, and MCGA BIOS's. What's going on is Microsoft is trying to figure out if you want color or mono by detecting what type of monitor you have. > unsupported IO read from port 56e0 > unsupported IO read from port aae0 > unsupported IO read from port e2e0 > unsupported IO read from port 1ee0 These ports aren't anything I know of. Possibly a hardware probe for some card? > int10h: f 12h: sf 34h > bochs: panic, int10h: f 12h: subf BL=34h Int 10, AH = 12, BL = 34 : "AT BIOS video Services", "Alternate Function Select - Cursor Emulation." listed as supported under the VGA BIOS. it Enables/Disables alphanumeric cursor emulation. I think they are trying to turn the cursor off. > real mode > CS.d_b = 16 bit > current operand size = 16 > current address size = 16 > SS.d_b = 16 bit =) more messages, not error it looks like. Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) Sent from home machine. From owner-freebsd-emulation Tue Dec 10 23:55:29 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id XAA25119 for emulation-outgoing; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 23:55:29 -0800 (PST) Received: from nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id XAA25114 for ; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 23:55:24 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.8.3) with SMTP id XAA06156; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 23:27:06 -0800 (PST) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 23:27:06 -0800 (PST) From: John-Mark Gurney X-Sender: jmg@nike Reply-To: John-Mark Gurney To: Jonathan Mini cc: Joe Diehl , Michael Smith , freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Tue, 10 Dec 1996, Jonathan Mini wrote: > > unsupported IO read from port 56e0 > > unsupported IO read from port aae0 > > unsupported IO read from port e2e0 > > unsupported IO read from port 1ee0 > > These ports aren't anything I know of. Possibly a hardware probe for some > card? well.. remeber most cards for the isa bus only decodes the first 12 bits... so those reads are from 0x2e0... which acording to my docs is for GPIB 0, data acquisition 0... of course the notes say that XT and AT's only use 2e1, 2e2-2e3... so it sounds like it's just wasting so time.... ttyl.. John-Mark gurney_j@efn.org http://resnet.uoregon.edu/~gurney_j/ Modem/FAX: (541) 683-6954 (FreeBSD Box) Live in Peace, destroy Micro$oft, support free software, run FreeBSD (unix) From owner-freebsd-emulation Wed Dec 11 10:54:04 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id KAA28595 for emulation-outgoing; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 10:54:04 -0800 (PST) Received: from cocos.omsk.su (root@cocos.omsk.su [193.124.32.129]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id KAA28579 for ; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 10:53:56 -0800 (PST) Received: from cntrymn.UUCP (root@localhost) by cocos.omsk.su (8.6.12/8.6.12) with UUCP id AAA18317 for freebsd.org!freebsd-emulation; Thu, 12 Dec 1996 00:40:36 +0600 Received: from l321.omsk.su by cntrymn.cntrymn.omsk.su id aa20339; 12 Dec 96 0:35 Omsk Received: (from kev@localhost) by l321.omsk.su (8.6.12/8.6.12) id VAA01105; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 21:51:04 +0600 Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 21:51:04 +0600 (OSK) From: Eugeny Kuzakov To: freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk unsubscribe freebsd-emulation kev@l321.omsk.su From owner-freebsd-emulation Wed Dec 11 19:04:21 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id TAA03705 for emulation-outgoing; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:04:21 -0800 (PST) Received: from momentum.nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id TAA03690 for ; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:04:11 -0800 (PST) Received: (from mini@localhost) by momentum.nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) id UAA11485; Tue, 10 Dec 1996 20:04:25 -0800 (PST) Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 20:04:24 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini Reply-To: Jonathan Mini To: Michael Smith cc: Robert Eckardt , joed@telecom.ksu.edu, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: <199612100344.OAA12978@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Tue, 10 Dec 1996, Michael Smith wrote: > > > Then I started with `bochs -bootA' > > I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. > > FWIW, this is DOS checking the keyboard controller. I think it sends > a 'reset' command and expects a response of some sort; it's been a while > since I looked at that for doscmd. DOS doesn't reset the keyboard at oll.. or wait for anything, because in that case, DOS wouldn't boot without a keyboar,d and I do it all the time. (and I run DOS 6.22) What you are seeing must be a mis-implementation of the BIOS int 16h Keyboard Services, AH=1 (Set the Z flag to indicate if ab ascii character is available on Read (AH=0)), or AH=2. (Return current shift status in AL register) One of those functinos must be causing a block on the process, since MSDOS 6.22's boot code calls those (and no other keyboard services) to check for the "override" commands. i.e. F5, F7 or alt-F5, Alt-F7. These keys (if you don't already know) causes DOS to skip reading in CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT (F5) or step trough them. (F7) The Alt versions cause it to do the same thing, but don't read DRVSPACE.BIN off of the hard drive(s) and run it. There isn't any other keyboard access being done by the MSDOS boot code. This access isn't even in the boot sector itself, this is in the "final prep" stage, which is started after IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS are loaded and initialized. This code is replaced by the permanent section of COMMAND.COM (or whatever shell is listed in the SHELL= directive in CONFIG.SYS) Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) Sent from home machine. From owner-freebsd-emulation Wed Dec 11 19:15:34 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id TAA04408 for emulation-outgoing; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:15:34 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id TAA04403 for ; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:15:31 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id NAA01525; Thu, 12 Dec 1996 13:43:46 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612120313.NAA01525@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: from Jonathan Mini at "Dec 10, 96 08:04:24 pm" To: j_mini@efn.org Date: Thu, 12 Dec 1996 13:43:44 +1030 (CST) Cc: msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au, roberte@mep.ruhr-uni-bochum.de, joed@telecom.ksu.edu, freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Jonathan Mini stands accused of saying: > On Tue, 10 Dec 1996, Michael Smith wrote: > > > > > > Then I started with `bochs -bootA' > > > I had to press return since DOS6.22 waits after the `Starting MS-DOS' message. > > > > FWIW, this is DOS checking the keyboard controller. I think it sends > > a 'reset' command and expects a response of some sort; it's been a while > > since I looked at that for doscmd. ... > There isn't any other keyboard access being done by the MSDOS boot > code. This access isn't even in the boot sector itself, this is in the > "final prep" stage, which is started after IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS are > loaded and initialized. This code is replaced by the permanent section of > COMMAND.COM (or whatever shell is listed in the SHELL= directive in > CONFIG.SYS) Actually, I did the right thing and checked my notes. The keyboard access is the 'keyb' driver, which is loaded as part of the startup on the DOS 6.x boot disk. My standard rememdy is to remove this before using the image. > Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Wed Dec 11 21:33:45 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id VAA18677 for emulation-outgoing; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 21:33:45 -0800 (PST) Received: from genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.96.120]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id VAA18667 for ; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 21:33:40 -0800 (PST) Received: (from msmith@localhost) by genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au (8.8.2/8.7.3) id QAA02859; Thu, 12 Dec 1996 16:02:16 +1030 (CST) From: Michael Smith Message-Id: <199612120532.QAA02859@genesis.atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Subject: New PC-Emu pre-release available To: emulation@freebsd.org Date: Thu, 12 Dec 1996 16:02:15 +1030 (CST) Cc: luigi@labinfo.iet.unipi.it, babkin@hq.icb.chel.su X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL28 (25)] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk Apologies for taking so long with this. I've now merged Soren's tty-mode code, so PC-Emu will run on any cursor-addressable terminal or under X. It can be built to support either or both. There's plenty of opportunity here for improvement if someone feels inclined, most especially with colour support and proper keycode handling. Other changes include a new parser for the .pcemurc file and the beginnings of better support for BIOS disk implementation. Assorted cpu emulation changes from various sources have been added, and the -DALIGNED_ACCESS option has been relegated to a dusty corner. If I've missed anyone's suggestions, please let me know so I can correct myself! A quick once-over from anyone interested would be appreciated, and in particular if you have any suggestions regarding improvements I'd be very happy to hear them. In particular, Serge, could you send me a copy of your current kernel network-support diffs so that I can incorporate them (and hopefully get them into the -current tree as well...). As always : ftp://gsoft.com.au/pub/pcemu1.92pre.tar.gz -- ]] Mike Smith, Software Engineer msmith@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] Genesis Software genesis@gsoft.com.au [[ ]] High-speed data acquisition and (GSM mobile) 0411-222-496 [[ ]] realtime instrument control. (ph) +61-8-8267-3493 [[ ]] Unix hardware collector. "Where are your PEZ?" The Tick [[ From owner-freebsd-emulation Fri Dec 13 17:34:44 1996 Return-Path: Received: (from root@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) id RAA29886 for emulation-outgoing; Fri, 13 Dec 1996 17:34:44 -0800 (PST) Received: from momentum.nike.efn.org (resnet.uoregon.edu [128.223.170.28]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP id RAA29880 for ; Fri, 13 Dec 1996 17:34:38 -0800 (PST) Received: (from mini@localhost) by momentum.nike.efn.org (8.8.3/8.7.3) id TAA12804; Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:12:34 -0800 (PST) Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 19:12:33 -0800 (PST) From: Jonathan Mini Reply-To: Jonathan Mini To: John-Mark Gurney cc: Jonathan Mini , Joe Diehl , Michael Smith , freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org Subject: Re: bochs (386 emulation) In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-emulation@freebsd.org X-Loop: FreeBSD.org Precedence: bulk On Tue, 10 Dec 1996, John-Mark Gurney wrote: > On Tue, 10 Dec 1996, Jonathan Mini wrote: > > > > unsupported IO read from port 56e0 > > > unsupported IO read from port aae0 > > > unsupported IO read from port e2e0 > > > unsupported IO read from port 1ee0 > > > > These ports aren't anything I know of. Possibly a hardware probe for some > > card? > well.. remeber most cards for the isa bus only decodes the first 12 > bits... so those reads are from 0x2e0... which acording to my docs is for > GPIB 0, data acquisition 0... of course the notes say that XT and AT's > only use 2e1, 2e2-2e3... so it sounds like it's just wasting so time.... > ttyl.. True. For XT and AT ISA busses. But there are still microchannel and PCI busses, both of which are supported under DOS. I seriously doubt this is a PCI thing. (In fact, I think it is impossible, but have been wrong before) There is a good change it is somedevice in existance on the PS/2 or something. Jonathan Mini (mini@momentum.nike.efn.org) Sent from home machine.