From owner-freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG  Tue Jun 14 21:17:26 2005
Return-Path: <owner-freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG>
X-Original-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125])
	by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB11B16A41C
	for <freebsd-net@freebsd.org>; Tue, 14 Jun 2005 21:17:26 +0000 (GMT)
	(envelope-from pete@he.iki.fi)
Received: from silver.he.iki.fi (helenius.fi [193.64.42.241])
	by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9530B43D48
	for <freebsd-net@freebsd.org>; Tue, 14 Jun 2005 21:17:26 +0000 (GMT)
	(envelope-from pete@he.iki.fi)
Received: from [193.64.42.172] (hac.vuokselantie10.fi [193.64.42.172])
	by silver.he.iki.fi (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE76FBC28;
	Wed, 15 Jun 2005 00:17:23 +0300 (EEST)
Message-ID: <42AF499C.1020707@he.iki.fi>
Date: Wed, 15 Jun 2005 00:18:20 +0300
From: Petri Helenius <pete@he.iki.fi>
User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird 1.0.2 (Windows/20050317)
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Aziz Kezzou <french.linuxian@gmail.com>
References: <3727392705061414032cf7ea95@mail.gmail.com>
In-Reply-To: <3727392705061414032cf7ea95@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Cc: freebsd-net <freebsd-net@freebsd.org>
Subject: Re: Netgraph question
X-BeenThere: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5
Precedence: list
List-Id: Networking and TCP/IP with FreeBSD <freebsd-net.freebsd.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-net>,
	<mailto:freebsd-net-request@freebsd.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-net>
List-Post: <mailto:freebsd-net@freebsd.org>
List-Help: <mailto:freebsd-net-request@freebsd.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-net>,
	<mailto:freebsd-net-request@freebsd.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Jun 2005 21:17:27 -0000

Aziz Kezzou wrote:

>Hi all,
>I worked a bit with netgraph nodes and I find them very amazing and
>powerfull... Since my netgraph experience is still quite limited (
>they are out of the scope of my project actually) I would like to know
>if the following claim is true, I need to be sure because it is for my
>master thesis ;-) :
>
>"Negraph nodes allow us, theoritically, to "steal" and inject packets
>of _any_ type from/at _any_ level of the network subsystem"
>  
>
Specially with the emphasis, I don't think the claim holds. You cannot 
mix and match the "ordinary" network subsystem nodes with netgraph nodes 
at will unless that's accommodated for. However while the flexibility 
can be considered high, it's not ultimately powerful.

Pete