Podręcznik FreeBSD

5.5-RELEASE

cron
X
X
inetd.conf
exports
boot0
boot2
/etc/ttys
rmuser
chpass
chpass
dump
dump
RSH
mdconfig
mdconfig
mdmfs
mdconfig
mdmfs
/etc/ttys
src/
Stała szerokość
stałej szerokości
+
E:\>
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:

root
# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

% top

ia64
commit
make install
pkg_add
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/handbook/index.html
/usr/share/doc/faq/index.html
165
C:
fdisk
tools
C:
D:
C:
D:
D:
C:
C:
SHOW DEVICE
>>>SHOW DEVICE
dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE

DKA0
DKC0
DKC100
DKx
DKA100
DKC300
PKx
SHOW DEVICE
DQx
PQx
floppies/
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<arch>/<version>-RELEASE/floppies/
<arch>
<wersja>
.flp
floppies/
boot.flp
kern1.flp
kern2.flp
README.TXT
drivers.flp
.flp
fdimage
E:
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:

.flp
.flp
fdimage
tools
# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

/dev/fd0
A:
/dev/fd1
B:
Last Chance: Are you SURE you want continue the installation?

If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!

We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

Floppy
CDROM
First
Hard Disk
kern.flp
Verifying DMI Pool Data ........
Boot from ATAPI CD-ROM :
 1. FD 2.88MB  System Type-(00)
Uncompressing ... done

BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01
Console: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is disk0
BIOS drive B: is disk1
BIOS drive C: is disk2
BIOS drive D: is disk3
BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8

/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |

|
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

Verifying DMI Pool Data ........ 

BTX loader 1.00  BTX version is 1.01 
Console: internal video/keyboard 
BIOS drive A: is disk0 
BIOS drive C: is disk1 
BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory 

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8 

/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |

Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:

kern.flp
mfsroot.flp
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt. 
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

kern.flp
>>>BOOT DVA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''

>>>BOOT DKA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''

Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:

kern.flp
mfsroot.flp
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt. 
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

avail memory = 253050880 (247120K bytes) 
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0817000.
Preloaded mfs_root "/mfsroot" at 0xc0817084.
md0: Preloaded image </mfsroot> 4423680 bytes at 0xc03ddcd4

md1: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard   
npx0: INT 16 interface   
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1:<VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <iSA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0 <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci
0
usb0: <VIA 83572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
pci0: <unknown card> (vendor=0x1106, dev=0x3040) at 7.3
dc0: <ADMtek AN985 10/100BaseTX> port 0xe800-0xe8ff mem 0xdb000000-0xeb0003ff ir
q 11 at device 8.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:04:5a:74:6b:b5
miibus0: <MII bus> on dc0
ukphy0: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus0
ukphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xec00-0xec1f irq 9 at device 10.
0 on pci0
ed0 address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
orm0: <Option ROM> at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff on isa0
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/@ mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
pppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
acd0: CD-RW <LITE-ON LTR-1210B> at ata1-slave PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
/stand/sysinstall running as init on vty0

                      User Confirmation Requested 
         Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot 
           (be sure to remove any floppies from the drives).

                            [ Yes ]    No

mfsroot.flp
kern.flp
                                 Message
 In the next menu, you will need to set up a DOS-style ("fdisk")
 partitioning scheme for your hard disk. If you simply wish to devote
 all disk space to FreeBSD (overwriting anything else that might be on
 the disk(s) selected) then use the (A)ll command to select the default
 partitioning scheme followed by a (Q)uit. If you wish to allocate only
 free space to FreeBSD, move to a partition marked "unused" and use the
 (C)reate command. 
                                [  OK  ] 

                      [ Press enter or space ]

ad0
ad2
ad1
ad0
ad1
ad1
ad1
ad2
ad1s1a
ad2
ad0
ad1
ad0
ad2
C:
unused
A
a
h
b
c
d
a
/
/
b
e
/var
/var
f
/usr
/usr
b
a
b
e
n
a
e
a
/
/dyskn
n
                                 Message
 Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk
 partition(s) just created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk
 space (200MB or more) and don't have any special requirements, simply
 use the (A)uto command to allocate space automatically. If you have
 more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
 (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.  

                                [  OK  ]
                          [ Press enter or space ]

Partition name
/tmp
/
/
a
/
M
G
C
Custom Newfs
Auto Defaults
Custom Newfs
Custom Newfs
/
/
/usr
X
                         User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to install the FreeBSD ports collection? 

 This will give you ready access to over 16,000 ported software packages,
 at a cost of around 440 MB of disk space when "clean" and possibly much
 more than that if a lot of the distribution tarballs are loaded
 (unless you have the extra CDs from a FreeBSD CD/DVD distribution
 available and can mount it on /cdrom, in which case this is far less
 of a problem). 

 The Ports Collection is a very valuable resource and well worth having
 on your /usr partition, so it is advisable to say Yes to this option. 

 For more information on the Ports Collection & the latest ports,
 visit: 
     http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports  

                              [ Yes ]     No

ftp.FreeBSD.org
foo.example.com
ftp@ftp.FreeBSD.org
ftp://foo.example.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
/pub/FreeBSD
ftp.FreeBSD.org
foo.example.com
ftp.FreeBSD.org
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Last Chance! Are you SURE you want to continue the installation? 

 If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
 STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding! 

 We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!  

                             [ Yes ]    No

                               Message 

Congratulations! You now have FreeBSD installed on your system. 

We will now move on to the final configuration questions. 
For any option you do not wish to configure, simply select No. 

If you wish to re-enter this utility after the system is up, you may
do so by typing: /stand/sysinstall .  

                                 [ OK ] 

                      [  Press enter to continue  ]

                                Message
Installation complete with some errors.  You may wish to scroll
through the debugging messages on VTY1 with the scroll-lock feature. 
You can also choose "No" at the next prompt and go back into the
installation menus to retry whichever operations have failed. 

                                 [ OK ]

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                      User Confirmation Requested 
   Would you like to configure any Ethernet or SLIP/PPP network devices?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested 
       Do you want to try IPv6 configuration of the interface?

                              Yes   [ No ]

                             User Confirmation Requested 
        Do you want to try DHCP configuration of the interface?

                              Yes   [ No ]

k6-2.example.com
example.com
208.163.10.2
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
255.255.255.0
ifconfig
                      User Confirmation Requested 
        Would you like to Bring Up the ed0 interface right now?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested 
       Do you want this machine to function as a network gateway?

                              [ Yes ]    No

                      User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure inetd and the network services that it provides?

                               Yes   [ No ]

/etc/inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
The Internet Super Server (inetd) allows a number of simple Internet
services to be enabled, including finger, ftp and telnetd.  Enabling
these services may increase risk of security problems by increasing
the exposure of your system.

With this in mind, do you wish to enable inetd?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
inetd(8) relies on its configuration file, /etc/inetd.conf, to determine
which of its Internet services will be available.  The default FreeBSD
inetd.conf(5) leaves all services disabled by default, so they must be
specifically enabled in the configuration file before they will
function, even once inetd(8) is enabled.  Note that services for
IPv6 must be separately enabled from IPv4 services.

Select [Yes] now to invoke an editor on /etc/inetd.conf, or [No] to
use the current settings.

                             [ Yes ]   No

#
inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine? 

                              Yes    [ No ]

This screen allows you to configure the anonymous FTP user.

The following configuration values are editable:

UID:     The user ID you wish to assign to the anonymous FTP user.
         All files uploaded will be owned by this ID.

Group:   Which group you wish the anonymous FTP user to be in.

Comment: String describing this user in /etc/passwd

FTP Root Directory:

        Where files available for anonymous FTP will be kept.

Upload subdirectory:

        Where files uploaded by anonymous FTP users will go.

/var
/usr
/usr/ftp
                          User Confirmation Requested 
         Create a welcome message file for anonymous FTP users?

                              [ Yes ]    No

ee
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS server? 

                              Yes    [ No ]

exports
                               Message
Operating as an NFS server means that you must first configure an
/etc/exports file to indicate which hosts are allowed certain kinds of
access to your local filesystems.
Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on /etc/exports
                               [ OK ]

exports
exports
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS client? 

                              Yes   [ No ]

/etc/rc.conf
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to select a default security profile for this host (select
 No for "medium" security)? 

                            [ Yes ]    No

                                 Message

Moderate security settings have been selected.

Sendmail and SSHd have been enabled, securelevels are
disabled, and NFS server setting have been left intact.
PLEASE NIETE that this still does not save you from having
to properly secure your system in other ways or exercise
due diligence in your administration, this simply picks
a standard set of out-of-box defaults to start with.

To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf

                                  [OK]

                                 Message

Extreme security settings have been selected.

Sendmail, SSHd, and NFS services have been disabled, and
securelevels have been enabled.
PLEASE NIETE that this still does not save you from having
to properly secure your system in other ways or exercise
due diligence in your administration, this simply picks
a more secure set of out-of-box defaults to start with.

To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf

                                  [OK]

                      User Confirmation Requested 
       Would you like to customize your system console settings?

                              [ Yes ]  No

                      User Confirmation Requested 
          Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested
 Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time
 or you don't know, please choose NIE here! 

                              Yes   [ No ]

                            Confirmation 
            Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested 
          Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested 
         Does this system have a non-USB mouse attached to it?

                            [ Yes ]    No

/etc/rc.conf
-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map

/.amd_mnt
log
syslogd
/host
/net
/etc/amd.map
net/pcnfsd
rpcbind
/var/db/statd.status
rwhod
root
x11/wrapper
                      User Confirmation Requested 
        Would you like to configure your X server at this time?

                            [ Yes ]   No

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                                Message
 You have configured and been running the mouse daemon. 
 Choose "/dev/sysmouse" as the mouse port and "SysMouse" or
 "MouseSystems" as the mouse protocol in the X configuration utility. 

                                 [ OK ]

                      [ Press enter to continue ]

This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu selections you
make.

The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/etc/X11 or /etc/X11. A sample
XF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standard
VGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for a
pathname when it is ready to write the file.

You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for your
configuration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for your
configuration and fine-tune it.

Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card
you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video
memory on your video card. SuperProbe may be able to help with this.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

/dev/sysmouse
First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list:

 1.  Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol)
 2.  Mouse Systems (3-button protocol) & FreeBSD moused protocol
 3.  Bus Mouse
 4.  PS/2 Mouse
 5.  Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol)
 6.  Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible)
 7.  MM Series
 8.  MM HitTablet
 9.  Microsoft IntelliMouse

If you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you have
a three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There are
two main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select the
protocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held at
boot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by sending
a special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options).

Enter a protocol number: 2

You have selected a Mouse Systems protocol mouse. If your mouse is normally
in Microsoft-compatible mode, enabling the ClearDTR and ClearRTS options
may cause it to switch to Mouse Systems mode when the server starts.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable ClearDTR and ClearRTS? n

You have selected a three-button mouse protocol. It is recommended that you
do not enable Emulate3Buttons, unless the third button doesn't work.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons? y

Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example
/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.
On FreeBSD, the default is /dev/sysmouse.

Mouse device: /dev/sysmouse

Please select one of the following keyboard types that is the better
description of your keyboard. If nothing really matches,
choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC)

  1  Generic 101-key PC                                
  2  Generic 102-key (Intl) PC                         
  3  Generic 104-key PC                                
  4  Generic 105-key (Intl) PC                         
  5  Dell 101-key PC                                   
  6  Everex STEPnote                                   
  7  Keytronic FlexPro                                 
  8  Microsoft Natural                                 
  9  Northgate OmniKey 101                             
 10  Winbook Model XP5                                 
 11  Japanese 106-key                                  
 12  PC-98xx Series                                    
 13  Brazilian ABNT2                                   
 14  HP Internet                                       
 15  Logitech iTouch                                   
 16  Logitech Cordless Desktop Pro                     
 17  Logitech Internet Keyboard                        
 18  Logitech Internet Navigator Keyboard              
 19  Compaq Internet                                   
 20  Microsoft Natural Pro                             
 21  Genius Comfy KB-16M                               
 22  IBM Rapid Access                                  
 23  IBM Rapid Access II                               
 24  Chicony Internet Keyboard                         
 25  Dell Internet Keyboard                            

Enter a number to choose the keyboard.

1

Please select the layout corresponding to your keyboard

  1  U.S. English                                      
  2  U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3                         
  3  U.S. English w/ deadkeys                          
  4  Albanian                                          
  5  Arabic                                            
  6  Armenian                                          
  7  Azerbaidjani                                      
  8  Belarusian                                        
  9  Belgian                                           
 10  Bengali                                           
 11  Brazilian                                         
 12  Bulgarian                                         
 13  Burmese                                           
 14  Canadian                                          
 15  Croatian                                          
 16  Czech                                             
 17  Czech (qwerty)                                    
 18  Danish                                            

Enter a number to choose the country.
Press enter for the next page

1

Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enter
for default variant

us

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher,
group indicator, etc.)? n

Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical
parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the
whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate,
which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed.

The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented
in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range.

It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontal
sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt,
choose a conservative setting.

    hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes
 1  31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz
 2  31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz
 3  31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600)
 4  31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz
 5  31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz
 6  31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz
 7  31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz
 8  31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz
 9  31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz
10  31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz
11  Enter your own horizontal sync range

Enter your choice (1-11): 6

You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes,
the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz).

 1  50-70
 2  50-90
 3  50-100
 4  40-150
 5  Enter your own vertical sync range

Enter your choice: 2

You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names.

The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your monitor definition: Hitachi

Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can
choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions.
Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even
between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy
the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a
selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with
the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint.

The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver to
run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the
Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driver
to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested.

If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about.
You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as
your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a
GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of
hardware as can be).

Do you want to look at the card database? y

288  Matrox Millennium G200 8MB                        mgag200
289  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 16MB                    mgag200
290  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 4MB                     mgag200
291  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 8MB                     mgag200
292  Matrox Millennium G400                            mgag400
293  Matrox Millennium II 16MB                         mga2164w
294  Matrox Millennium II 4MB                          mga2164w
295  Matrox Millennium II 8MB                          mga2164w
296  Matrox Mystique                                   mga1064sg
297  Matrox Mystique G200 16MB                         mgag200
298  Matrox Mystique G200 4MB                          mgag200
299  Matrox Mystique G200 8MB                          mgag200
300  Matrox Productiva G100 4MB                        mgag100
301  Matrox Productiva G100 8MB                        mgag100
302  MediaGX                                           mediagx
303  MediaVision Proaxcel 128                          ET6000
304  Mirage Z-128                                      ET6000
305  Miro CRYSTAL VRX                                  Verite 1000

Enter a number to choose the corresponding card definition.
Press enter for the next page, q to continue configuration.

288

Your selected card definition:

Identifier: Matrox Millennium G200 8MB
Chipset:    mgag200
Driver:     mga
Do NIET probe clocks or use any Clocks line.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used for
the "Device" section of your video card in XF86Config.

You must indicate how much video memory you have. It is probably a good
idea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server you
intend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used server
not supporting the amount memory you have (e.g. ATI Mach64 is limited to
1024K with the SVGA server), specify the maximum amount supported by the
server.

How much video memory do you have on your video card:

 1  256K
 2  512K
 3  1024K
 4  2048K
 5  4096K
 6  Other

Enter your choice: 6

Amount of video memory in Kbytes: 8192

You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names (possibly from a card definition).

Your card definition is Matrox Millennium G200 8MB.

The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your video card definition:

For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 2

Select modes from the following list:

 1  "640x400"
 2  "640x480"
 3  "800x600"
 4  "1024x768"
 5  "1280x1024"
 6  "320x200"
 7  "320x240"
 8  "400x300"
 9  "1152x864"
 a  "1600x1200"
 b  "1800x1400"
 c  "512x384"

Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select.
For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with a
default mode of 1024x768.

Which modes? 432

You can have a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is larger
than the physical screen and which is panned by moving the mouse to the edge
of the screen. If you don't want virtual desktop at a certain resolution,
you cannot have modes listed that are larger. Each color depth can have a
differently-sized virtual screen

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want a virtual screen that is larger than the physical screen? n

For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 4

Please specify which color depth you want to use by default:

  1  1 bit (monochrome)                                
  2  4 bits (16 colors)                                
  3  8 bits (256 colors)                               
  4  16 bits (65536 colors)                            
  5  24 bits (16 million colors)                       

Enter a number to choose the default depth.

4

/etc/X11/XF86Config
I am going to write the XF86Config file now. Make sure you don't accidently
overwrite a previously configured one.

Shall I write it to /etc/X11/XF86Config? y

          User Confirmation Requested
The XFree86 configuration process seems to have
failed.  Would you like to try again?

             [ Yes ]         No

xf86cfg -textmode
xf86config
root
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of
 ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers
 and more. Would you like to browse the collection now? 

                            [ Yes ]   No

root
root
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding
 at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since
 working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which
 adversely affect the entire system). 

                            [ Yes ]   No

/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/bash
/bin/tcsh
wheel
root
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
root
                        Message
 Now you must set the system manager's password.  
 This is the password you'll use to log in as "root". 

                         [ OK ] 

               [ Press enter to continue ]

root
Changing local password for root. 
New password : 
Retype new password :

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Visit the general configuration menu for a chance to set any last
 options? 

                              Yes   [ No ]

                     User Confirmation Requested
 Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot (be sure to  
 remove any floppies from the drives). 

                            [ Yes ]   No

dmesg
rpratt
root
Copyright (c) 1992-2002 The FreeBSD Project. 
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 

Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
CPU: AMD-K6(tm) 3D processor (300.68-MHz 586-class CPU)
  Origin = "AuthenticAMD"  Id = 0x580  Stepping = 0
  Features=0x8001bf<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,MCE,CX8,MMX> 
  AMD Features=0x80000800<SYSCALL,3DNow!> 
real memory  = 268435456 (262144K bytes) 
config> di sn0 
config> di lnc0 
config> di le0 
config> di ie0 
config> di fe0 
config> di cs0 
config> di bt0  
config> di aic0 
config> di aha0 
config> di adv0 
config> q 
avail memory = 256311296 (250304K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0491000. 
Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc049109c. 
md0: Malloc disk 
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard 
npx0: INT 16 interface 
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard 
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0 
pcib1: <VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0 
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1 
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11 
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0 
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0 
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0 
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0 
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0 
uhci0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci0 
usb0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> on uhci0 
usb0: USB revision 1.0 
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered 
chip1: <VIA 82C586B ACPI interface> at device 7.3 on pci0 
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xe800-0xe81f irq 9 at
device 10.0 on pci0 
ed0: address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit) 
isa0: too many dependant configs (8) 
isa0: unexpected small tag 14 
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold 
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0 
atkbdc0: <keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60-0x64 on isa0 
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0 
kbd0 at atkbd0 
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0 
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0 
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x1 on isa0 
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300> 
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0 
sio0: type 16550A 
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0 
sio1: type 16550A 
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0 
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode 
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold 
ppbus0: IEEE1284 device found /NIBBLE
Probing for PnP devices on ppbus0: 
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0 
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0 
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port 
ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master using UDMA33 
ad2: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata1-master using UDMA33 
acd0: CDROM <DELTA OTC-H101/ST3 F/W by OIPD> at ata0-slave using PIO4 
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a 
swapon: adding /dev/ad0s1b as swap device 
Automatic boot in progress... 
/dev/ad0s1a: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS 
/dev/ad0s1a: clean, 48752 free (552 frags, 6025 blocks, 0.9% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1f: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS 
/dev/ad0s1f: clean, 128997 free (21 frags, 16122 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1g: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1g: clean, 3036299 free (43175 frags, 374073 blocks, 1.3% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1e: filesystem CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS 
/dev/ad0s1e: clean, 128193 free (17 frags, 16022 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
Doing initial network setup: hostname. 
ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::5054::5ff::fede:731b%ed0 prefixlen 64 tentative scopeid 0x1
        ether 52:54:05:de:73:1b
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8 
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 
Additional routing options: IP gateway=TAK TCP keepalive=TAK
routing daemons:. 
additional daemons: syslogd. 
Doing additional network setup:. 
Starting final network daemons: creating ssh RSA host key 
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key. 
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub. 
The key fingerprint is: 
cd:76:89:16:69:0e:d0:6e:f8:66:d0:07:26:3c:7e:2d root@k6-2.example.com
 creating ssh DSA host key 
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key. 
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub. 
The key fingerprint is: 
f9:a1:a9:47:c4:ad:f9:8d:52:b8:b8:ff:8c:ad:2d:e6 root@k6-2.example.com.
setting ELF ldconfig path: /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib 
a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout 
starting standard daemons: inetd cron sshd usbd sendmail.
Initial rc.i386 initialization:. 
rc.i386 configuring syscons: blank_time screensaver moused. 
Additional ABI support: linux. 
Local package initialization:. 
Additional TCP options:. 

FreeBSD/i386 (k6-2.example.com) (ttyv0)

login: rpratt 
Password:

startx
>>>BOOT DKC0

>>> SET BOOT_OSFLAGS A
>>> SET BOOT_FILE ''
>>> SET BOOTDEF_DEV DKC0
>>> SET AUTO_ACTION BOOT

su
root
wheel
root
shutdown -h now
The operating system has halted. 
Please press any key to reboot.

HARDWARE.TXT
sc0
Q
tools
# mount_msdos /dev/ad0s1 /mnt

dmesg
mount
/dev/ad0s1
/dev/ad0s2
/dev/ad0s3
kern.flp
# mount /dev/fd0 /mnt

/mnt
# cd /mnt

boot.config
/boot/loader
-h
# echo "/boot/loader -h" > boot.config

# cd /
# umount /mnt

kern.flp
# cu -l /dev/cuaa0

cu
mfsroot.flp
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ISO-IMAGES-arch/version
arch
version
X
version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso
X
version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso
/cdrom
# mount /cdrom

/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent

/etc/inetd.conf
nasz.komputer
bin
FORMAT
A:
bsdlabel
newfs
# fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
# bsdlabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
# newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0

fd0.1200
floppy5
a:\bin\bin.aa
a:\bin\bin.ab
freebsd
c:\freebsd
xcopy
C:\> md c:\freebsd
C:\> xcopy e:\bin c:\freebsd\bin\ /s
C:\> xcopy e:\manpages c:\freebsd\manpages\ /s

C:
E:
c:\freebsd
BIN
# cd /freebsd/distdir
# tar cvf /dev/rwt0 dist1 ... dist2

dial
set log local ...
NFS Secure
NFS Slow
ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
ziggy
/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
/usr
/usr/archive/stuff
/etc/exports
Additional ABI support:.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.

Fri Sep 20 13:01:06 EEST 2002

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

login:

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

pc3.example.org
ttyv0
login:

login:

janek
janek
login: janek
Password:

janka
#
$
%
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
#
ttyv
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
ttyv0   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
# Virtual terminals
ttyv1   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv2   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv8   "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure

/etc/ttys
console
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
# If console is marked "insecure", then init will ask for the root password
# when going to single-user mode.
console none                            unknown off secure

console
secure
insecure
root
insecure
root
---
--x
-w-
-wx
r--
r-x
rw-
rwx
ls -l
% ls -l
total 530
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 myfile
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 otherfile
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel    7680 Sep  5 12:31 email.txt
...

ls -l
-rw-r--r--

-
rw-
r--
r--
644
/dev
PLIKU
% chmod go= PLIK

PLIKU
% chmod go-w,a+x PLIK

root
plik1
# chflags sunlink plik1

# chflags nosunlink plik1

# ls -lo plik1

-rw-r--r--  1 trhodes  trhodes  sunlnk 0 Mar  1 05:54 plik1

root
/usr
/var
/tmp
/mnt
/cdrom
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/
/bin/
/boot/
/boot/defaults/
/dev/
/etc/
/etc/defaults/
/etc/mail/
/etc/namedb/
named
/etc/periodic/
/etc/ppp/
ppp
/mnt/
/proc/
/rescue/
/root/
root
/sbin/
/stand/
/tmp/
/tmp
/tmp
/etc/fstab
/usr/
/usr/bin/
/usr/include/
/usr/lib/
/usr/libdata/
/usr/libexec/
/usr/local/
/usr/local
/usr
/usr/local
/usr/local/share
share/doc/port
/usr/obj/
/usr/src
/usr/ports
/usr/sbin/
/usr/share/
/usr/src/
/usr/X11R6/
/var/
/etc/fstab
/var/log/
/var/mail/
/var/spool/
/var/tmp/
/var/yp
readme.txt
README.TXT
.txt
/
foo
bar
readme.txt
foo/bar/readme.txt
\
:
c:/foo/bar/readme.txt
/
A
B
C
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
A
ls
A1
A2
B
A1
B
A1
B
B1
B2
/A1/B1
/A1/B2
/A1
B
A
B
A2
/A2/B1
/A2/B2
C
B1
B
C
A
A1
join
/home
a
h
a
b
c
c
d
d
d
s
a
h
s
ad
da
acd
cd
fd
ad0s1a
a
s1
ad0
da1s2e
e
s2
da1
C:
a
e
/var
f
/usr
/
/dev
/usr
/usr/local
/var
log/
spool/
/var
/
fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
urządzenie       /punkt-montowania typ     opcje      archiwizacja     nr-przebiegu

urządzenie
punkt-montowania
typ
ufs
opcje
archiwizacja
nr-przebiegu
nr-przebiegu
nr-przebiegu
nr-przebiegu
/etc/fstab
mount
# mount urządzenie punkt-montowania

/etc/fstab
typ
umount
init
init
ps
top
ps
% ps
  PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  298  p0  Ss     0:01.10 tcsh
 7078  p0  S      2:40.88 xemacs mdoc.xsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
37393  p0  I      0:03.11 xemacs freebsd.dsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
48630  p0  S      2:50.89 /usr/local/lib/netscape-linux/navigator-linux-4.77.bi
48730  p0  IW     0:00.00 (dns helper) (navigator-linux-)
72210  p0  R+     0:00.00 ps
  390  p1  Is     0:01.14 tcsh
 7059  p2  Is+    1:36.18 /usr/local/bin/mutt -y
 6688  p3  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
10735  p4  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
20256  p5  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
  262  v0  IWs    0:00.00 -tcsh (tcsh)
  270  v0  IW+    0:00.00 /bin/sh /usr/X11R6/bin/startx -- -bpp 16
  280  v0  IW+    0:00.00 xinit /home/nik/.xinitrc -- -bpp 16
  284  v0  IW     0:00.00 /bin/sh /home/nik/.xinitrc
  285  v0  S      0:38.45 /usr/X11R6/bin/sawfish

PID
TT
STAT
TIME
COMMAND
auxww
% top
last pid: 72257;  load averages:  0.13,  0.09,  0.03    up 0+13:38:33  22:39:10
47 processes:  1 running, 46 sleeping
CPU states: 12.6% user,  0.0% nice,  7.8% system,  0.0% interrupt, 79.7% idle
Mem: 36M Active, 5256K Inact, 13M Wired, 6312K Cache, 15M Buf, 408K Free
Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse

  PID USERNAME PRI NICE  SIZE    RES STATE    TIME   WCPU    CPU COMMAND
72257 nik       28   0  1960K  1044K RUN      0:00 14.86%  1.42% top
 7078 nik        2   0 15280K 10960K select   2:54  0.88%  0.88% xemacs-21.1.14
  281 nik        2   0 18636K  7112K select   5:36  0.73%  0.73% XF86_SVGA
  296 nik        2   0  3240K  1644K select   0:12  0.05%  0.05% xterm
48630 nik        2   0 29816K  9148K select   3:18  0.00%  0.00% navigator-linu
  175 root       2   0   924K   252K select   1:41  0.00%  0.00% syslogd
 7059 nik        2   0  7260K  4644K poll     1:38  0.00%  0.00% mutt
...

named
httpd
lpd
sendmail
maild
root
SIGSEGV
SIGALRM
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGKILL
SIGHUP
SIGUSR1
SIGUSR2
httpd
SIGHUP
httpd
SIGHUP
SIGHUP
inetd
/etc/inetd.conf
SIGHUP
root
% ps -ax | grep inetd
  198  ??  IWs    0:00.00 inetd -wW

grep inetd
root
% su
Password:
# /bin/kill -s HUP 198

kill: PID: Operation not
permitted
kill: PID: No
such process
/bin/kill
kill
/bin/kill
/bin/kill ...
TERM
KILL
/bin/kill -s KILL 1
sh
tcsh
zsh
bash
tcsh
bash
foobar
foo.bar
foo.bar
rm fo[Tab].[Tab]
rm foo[BIIP].bar
foobar
foo.bar
fo
foo
.
USER
PATH
DISPLAY
SHELL
TERM
TERMCAP
OSTYPE
MACHTYPE
EDITOR
PAGER
MANPATH
tcsh
csh
setenv
sh
bash
export
EDITOR
/usr/local/bin/emacs
csh
tcsh
% setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/emacs

% export EDITOR="/usr/local/bin/emacs"

$
echo $TERM
$TERM
$TERM
echo
*
echo *
ls
echo
*
\
echo $TERM
echo \$TERM
$TERM
chsh
EDITOR
vi
chsh
bash
% chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

/etc/shells
bash
/usr/local/bin
# echo "/usr/local/bin/bash" >> /etc/shells

chsh
ee plik
plik
/etc/rc.conf
ee /etc/rc.conf
ee
^
^e
editors/emacs
editors/vim
/var/run/dmesg.boot
acd0
kbd0
/dev
DEVFS
DEVFS
DEVFS
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
GENERIC
a.out
man
% man polecenie

polecenie
ls
% man ls

chmod
man
% man 1 chmod

chmod
chmod
man
% man -k mail

apropos
/usr/bin
% cd /usr/bin
% man -f *

% cd /usr/bin
% whatis *

info
info
% info

h
?
INSTALL
README
doc/
Makefile
configure
pkg_add
pkg_add
ghostscript
ghostscript-nox11
security/portaudit
portaudit -F -a
whereis plik
plik
# whereis lsof
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
/usr/ports
make search
name=nazwa-programu
program-name
lsof
# cd /usr/ports
# make search name=lsof
Port:   lsof-4.56.4
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))
Maint:  obrien@FreeBSD.org
Index:  sysutils
B-deps: 
R-deps:

make search key=zwrot
zwrot
# ftp -a ftp2.FreeBSD.org
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> get lsof-4.56.4.tgz
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
ftp> exit
# pkg_add lsof-4.56.4.tgz

# pkg_add -r lsof

PACKAGESITE
FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
lsof
lsof-4.56.4
PACKAGESITE
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/
PACKAGESITE
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/
.tgz
.tbz
/packages
/usr/ports
All
# pkg_info
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...

# pkg_version
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...

# pkg_delete xchat-1.7.1

/var/db/pkg
make
Makefiles
/usr/ports
/usr/ports
net/cvsup-without-gui
# pkg_add -r cvsup-without-gui

cvsup
# cvsup -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile

cvsup.FreeBSD.org
ports-supfile
root
/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile
/root
ports-supfile
CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org
cvsup
# cvsup -L 2 /root/ports-supfile

sysutils/portsnap
# pkg_add -r portsnap

/usr/ports
# mkdir /usr/ports

/var/db/portsnap
# portsnap fetch

/usr/ports
# portsnap extract

/usr/ports
# portsnap update

sysinstall
root
/stand/sysinstall
# sysinstall

Makefile
distinfo
files
pkg-descr
pkg-plist
pkg-message
root
security/portaudit
portaudit -F
/usr/ports/distfiles
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
make
# make
>> lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/.
===>  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[extraction output snipped]
...
>> Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for lsof-4.57
===>  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===>  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[configure output snipped]
...
===>  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[compilation output snipped]
...
#

make
install
# make install
===>  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[installation output snipped]
...
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===>   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===>  SECURITY NOTE: 
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
#

# make clean
===>  Cleaning for lsof-4.57
#

make install clean
make
make install
make clean
PATH
rehash
tcsh
sh
hash -r
/cdrom
CD_MOUNTPTS
FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
make fetch
/usr/ports
/usr/ports/net
fetch
fetch-recursive
make
make fetch
MASTER_SITES
MASTER_SITES
# cd /usr/ports/directory
# make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch

MASTER_SITES
ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/
www/mozilla
security/gpgme
mail/sylpheed-claws
WRKDIRPREFIX
PREFIX
# make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install

/usr/home/example/ports
/usr/local
# make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install

/usr/ports
/usr/home/example/local
# make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install

imake
imake
PREFIX
/usr/X11R6
PREFIX
PREFIX
lsof
# pkg_delete lsof-4.57

# pkg_version -v

/usr/ports/UPDATING
/usr/ports/UPDATING
UPDATING
sysutils/portupgrade
make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade
# make install clean

pkgdb -F
portupgrade -a
# portupgrade -ai

portupgrade nazwa_programu
# portupgrade -R firefox

PKG_PATH
# portupgrade -PR gnome2

sysutils/portmanager
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portmanager
# make install clean

# portmanager -u

make install clean
# portmanager x11/gnome2

# portmanager graphics/gimp -f

work
make clean
# portsclean -C

distfiles
# portsclean -D

# portsclean -DD

portsclean
sysutils/pkg_cutleaves
# pkg_info -L foopackage-1.0.0 | less

man/
etc/
doc/
# pkg_info | grep -i foopackage

foopackage
foopackage
# pkg_info foopackage-1.0.0

WWW:
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
Makefile
make maintainer
Makefile
$FreeBSD:
ftp.FreeBSD.org
x11-wm
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
# make install clean

# cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xorg

# pkg_add -r XFree86

/usr/ports/UPDATING
sysutils/portupgrade
/etc/make.conf
X_WINDOW_SYSTEM=xorg
XFREE86_VERSION
X_WINDOW_SYSTEM
# pkg_delete -f /var/db/pkg/imake-4* /var/db/pkg/XFree86-*
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
# make install clean
# pkgdb -F

# Xorg -configure

# XFree86 -configure

/root
xorg.conf.new
$HOME
XF86Config.new
# Xorg -config xorg.conf.new

# XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config.new

xorg.conf.new
XF86Config.new
xorg.conf.new
"Monitor"
Section "Monitor"
        Identifier   "Monitor0"
        VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
        ModelName    "Monitor Model"
        HorizSync    30-107
        VertRefresh  48-120
EndSection

HorizSync
VertRefresh
HorizSync
VertRefresh
        Option       "DPMS"

xorg.conf.new
XF86Config.new
"Screen"
Section "Screen"
        Identifier "Screen0"
        Device     "Card0"
        Monitor    "Monitor0"
        DefaultDepth 24
        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport  0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes     "1024x768"
        EndSubSection
EndSection

DefaultDepth
Modes
/var/log/Xorg.0.log
XFree86.0.log
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.8.log
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/XF86Config
# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

# cp XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config

x11/wrapper
xorgcfg -textmode
agpgart
/boot/loader.conf
fbPictureInit
Driver "i810"
Option "NoDDC"

x11-fonts/urwfonts
x11-fonts/freefonts
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts
# make install clean

/etc/X11/
xorg.conf
XF86Config
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"

% xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW
% xset fp rehash

~/.xinitrc
startx
~/.xsession
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
"Module"
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/XF86Config
Load  "freetype"

x11-servers/Xfstt
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
fonts.dir
ttmkfdir
x11-fonts/ttmkfdir
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
# ttmkfdir > fonts.dir

% xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
% xset fp rehash

FontPath
xorg.conf
XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
<fontconfig>
      <?xml version="1.0"?>
      <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
      <fontconfig>

/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>

# fc-cache -f

        <match target="font">
            <test name="size" compare="less">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="font">
            <test name="pixelsize" compare="less" qual="any">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>

       <match target="pattern" name="family">
           <test qual="any" name="family">
               <string>fixed</string>
           </test>
           <edit name="family" mode="assign">
               <string>mono</string>
           </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>console</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                <string>mono</string>
            </edit>
        </match>

"mono"
         <match target="pattern" name="family">
             <test qual="any" name="family">
                 <string>mono</string>
             </test>
             <edit name="spacing" mode="assign">
                 <int>100</int>
             </edit>
         </match>     

local.conf
         <match target="pattern" name="family">
             <test qual="any" name="family">
                 <string>Helvetica</string>
             </test>
             <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                 <string>sans-serif</string>
             </edit>
         </match>       

local.conf
</fontconfig>
x11-fonts/bitstream-vera
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf-vera
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
.fonts.conf
~/.fonts.conf
local.conf
         <match target="font">
             <test qual="all" name="rgba">
                 <const>unknown</const>
             </test>
             <edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
                 <const>rgb</const>
             </edit>
         </match>

rgb
bgr
vrgb
vbgr
-DWITHOUT_XFT
/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm
root
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyv8   "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure

off
on
ttyv8
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm
Xaccess
Xresources
Xservers
Xsession
Xsetup_
xdm-config
xdm-errors
xdm-pid
xdm-config
~/.xsession
Xsetup_
Xsetup_0
xconsole
~/.xsession-errors
xdm-config
! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
DisplayManager.requestPort:     0

Xaccess
# pkg_add -r gnome2

# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make install clean

gdm_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
.xinitrc
.xinitrc
% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
% echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession
% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xsession
% chmod +x ~/.xsession

1
# pkg_add -r kde

# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde3
# make install clean

.xinitrc
% echo "exec startkde" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
ttyv8
/etc/ttys
ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure

# pkg_add -r xfce4

# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4
# make install clean

% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc

.xsession
/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4
www/dillo
www/links
www/w3m
# pkg_add -r mozilla

# cd /usr/ports/www/mozilla
# make install clean

root
root
root
% mozilla

% mozilla -mail

# pkg_add -r firefox

# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
# make install clean

java/javavmwrapper
about:plugins
www/linuxpluginwrapper
emulators/linux_base
/etc/libmap.conf
/usr/local/share/examples/linuxpluginwrapper/
www/linux-flashplugin7
about:plugins
root
# ln -s /usr/X11R6/lib/linux-flashplugin7/libflashplayer.so \
  /usr/X11R6/lib/browser_plugins/
# ln -s /usr/X11R6/lib/linux-flashplugin7/flashplayer.xpt \
  /usr/X11R6/lib/browser_plugins/

# cd /usr/src
# fetch http://people.FreeBSD.org/~nork/rtld_dlsym_hack.diff
# patch < rtld_dlsym_hack.diff
# cd libexec/rtld-elf/
# make clean
# make obj
# make depend
# make && make install

# pkg_add -r opera

# cd /usr/ports/www/opera
# make install clean

linux-opera
opera
x11/kdebase3
misc/konq-plugins
# pkg_add -r koffice

# cd /usr/ports/editors/koffice-kde3
# make install clean

.doc
# pkg_add -r abiword

# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gimp

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp
# make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf
# make install clean

graphics/gimp-devel
graphics/gimp-manual-html
# pkg_add -r openoffice

% openoffice.org

.openoffice.org2
# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice.org-2.0
# make install clean

# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean

your_language
files/Makefile.localized
% openoffice.org

# cd /usr/ports/print/acroread7
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gv

# cd /usr/ports/print/gv
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xpdf

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gqview

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gqview
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gnucash

# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash
# make install clean

math/guppi
# pkg_add -r gnumeric

# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r abacus

# cd /usr/ports/deskutils/abacus
# make install clean

misc/instant-workstation
/usr/ports/misc/instant-workstation/Makefile
mozilla
www/mozilla
opera
www/opera
firefox
www/firefox
koffice-kde3
editors/koffice-kde3
abiword
editors/abiword
gimp
graphics/gimp
openoffice
editors/openoffice-1.1
acroread
print/acroread7
gv
print/gv
xpdf
graphics/xpdf
gqview
graphics/gqview
gnucash
finance/gnucash
gnumeric
math/gnumeric
abacus
deskutils/abacus
audio/sox
.mpg
.avi
# kldload snd_emu10k1

/boot/loader.conf
snd_emu10k1_load="YES"

/boot/defaults/loader.conf
snd_driver
# kldload snd_driver

/boot/loader.conf
snd_driver
/dev/sndstat
cat
/dev/sndstat
device sound

device snd_emu10k1

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/boot/device.hints
device snd_sbc
device snd_sb16

/boot/device.hints
hint.sbc.0.at="isa"
hint.sbc.0.port="0x220"
hint.sbc.0.irq="5"
hint.sbc.0.drq="1"
hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"

0x220
5
/boot/device.hints
pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0
pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec>

/dev/sndstat
# cat /dev/sndstat
FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm)
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384
kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)

pcm
% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1

audio/workman
audio/mpg123
/dev/dsp
% cat filename > /dev/dsp

filename
unsupported subdevice XX
sb_dspwr(XX) timed out
bad irq XX
xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of
memory
xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!
fstat | grep dsp
root
# sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4
# sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4

pcm0
hw.snd.maxautovchans
pcm
/dev/dsp0
x
x
/boot/device.hints
hint.pcm.0.vol="100"

multimedia/xmms
audio/mpg123
# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3.
Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp.
Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more!
THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!

Playing MPEG stream from Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 ...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo

/dev/dsp1.0
dsp
cdda2wav
sysutils/cdrtools
root
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B

# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0a -t 7

0,1,0
0,1,0
cdrecord -scanbus
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7

# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7

audio/lame
audio01.wav
audio01.mp3
# lame -h -b 128 \
--tt "Foo Song Title" \
--ta "FooBar Artist" \
--tl "FooBar Album" \
--ty "2001" \
--tc "Ripped and encoded by Foo" \
--tg "Genre" \
audio01.wav audio01.mp3

Preference
Options
Configure
Play
mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 >
audio01.pcm
audio/sox
% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw

/dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/racd0c /dev/rdvd

# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/rdvd

/etc/devfs.conf
link acd0 dvd
link acd0 rdvd

options CPU_ENABLE_SSE

kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864
kern.ipc.shmall=32768

xvinfo
% xvinfo

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
  Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine"
    number of ports: 1
    port base: 43
    operations supported: PutImage 
    supported visuals:
      depth 16, visualID 0x22
      depth 16, visualID 0x23
    number of attributes: 5
      "XV_COLORKEY" (range 0 to 16777215)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 2110)
      "XV_BRIGHTNESS" (range -128 to 127)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
      "XV_CONTRAST" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_SATURATION" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_HUE" (range -180 to 180)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
    maximum XvImage size: 1024 x 1024
    Number of image formats: 7
      id: 0x32595559 (YUY2)
        guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x32315659 (YV12)
        guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x30323449 (I420)
        guid: 49343230-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x36315652 (RV16)
        guid: 52563135-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x3e0, 0x7c00
      id: 0x35315652 (RV15)
        guid: 52563136-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x7e0, 0xf800
      id: 0x31313259 (Y211)
        guid: 59323131-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 6
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x0
        guid: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 0
        number of planes: 0
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 1
        red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adaptors present

devel/sdl12
root
dga
work
/proc/cpuinfo
multimedia/mplayer
make
Makefile
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
# make
N - O - T - E

Take a careful look into the Makefile in order
to learn how to tune mplayer towards you personal preferences!
For example,
make WITH_GTK1
builds MPlayer with GTK1-GUI support.
If you want to use the GUI, you can either install
/usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer-skins
or download official skin collections from
http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html

WITH_XVID
WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
mplayer
mencoder
.mplayer
% cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
% make install-user

mplayer
testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi

testfile.avi
N
DEVICE
N
DEVICE
/dev/dvd
# mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
Makefile
mplayer -h
.mplayer/config
vo=xv
fs=yes
zoom=yes

mplayer
.vob
# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

out.vob
mencoder
% mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi

mplayer
mplayer
input.avi
audio/lame
% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \
     -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi

mplayer
xine
input.avi
root
multimedia/xine
% xine

% xine -g -p mymovie.avi

stdin/stdout
multimedia/transcode
# make WITH_OPTIMIZED_CFLAGS=yes WITH_LIBA52=yes WITH_LAME=yes WITH_OGG=yes \
WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes

transcode
% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd
% mplex -f 1 -o output_vcd.mpg output_vcd.m1v output_vcd.mpa

output_vcd.mpg
multimedia/vcdimager
sysutils/cdrdao
transcode
multimedia/avifile
multimedia/ogle
multimedia/dvdauthor
/boot/loader.conf
bktr_load="YES"

device  bktr
device  iicbus
device  iicbb
device  smbus

bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0
iicbb0: <I2C bit-banging driver> on bti2c0
iicbus0: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
iicbus1: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
smbus0: <System Management Bus> on bti2c0
bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.

options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6

# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
multimedia/fxtv
multimedia/xawtv
misc/alevt
audio/xmradio
audio/wmtune
GENERIC
device usb
device uhci
device ohci
device uscanner

device uhci
device ohci
GENERIC
# kldload uscanner

/boot/loader.conf
uscanner_load="YES"

uscanner0: EPSON EPSON Scanner, rev 1.10/3.02, addr 2

/dev/uscanner0
GENERIC
NOTES
device scbus
device pass

pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0
pass2: <AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10> Fixed Scanner SCSI-2 device
pass2: 3.300MB/s transfers

# camcontrol rescan all
Re-scan of bus 0 was successful
Re-scan of bus 1 was successful
Re-scan of bus 2 was successful
Re-scan of bus 3 was successful

# camcontrol devlist
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 5 lun 0 (pass0,da0)
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 6 lun 0 (pass1,da1)
<AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10>           at scbus1 target 2 lun 0 (pass3)
<PHILIPS CDD3610 CD-R/RW 1.00>     at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass2,cd0)

graphics/sane-backends
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/sane-backends
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found SCSI scanner "AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10" at /dev/pass3

# scanimage -L
device `snapscan:/dev/pass3' is a AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 flatbed scanner

/usr/local/etc/sane.d/
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found USB scanner (UNKNOWN vendor and product) at device /dev/uscanner0

/dev/uscanner0
# scanimage -L

No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,
check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the
sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation
which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).

/usr/local/etc/sane.d/epson.conf
epson
scsi
usb /dev/uscanner0

# scanimage -L
device `epson:/dev/uscanner0' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner

`epson:/dev/uscanner0'
scanimage -L
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/xsane
root
/dev/uscanner0
operator
joe
operator
# pw groupmod operator -m joe

/dev/uscanner0
operator
/etc/devfs.rules
[system=5]
add path uscanner0 mode 660

/etc/rc.conf
devfs_system_ruleset="system"

operator
root
GENERIC
GENERIC
GENERIC
/usr/src/sys
/sys
arch/conf
compile
arch
i386
alpha
amd64
ia64
powerpc
sparc64
pc98
/usr/src/sys
sysinstall
root
# mount /cdrom
# mkdir -p /usr/src/sys
# ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys
# cat /cdrom/src/ssys.[a-d]* | tar -xzvf -

arch/conf
GENERIC
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
/usr/src
/usr/src
GENERIC
i386
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# mkdir /root/kernels
# cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL   
# ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
GENERIC
GENERIC
/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src/UPDATING
IPFIREWALL
make buildworld
buildworld
installworld
config
make depend
make
make install
# /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL

# cd ../compile/MYKERNEL

# make depend
# make

# make install

/usr/src
# cd /usr/src

# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

/etc/make.conf
MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi sound/sound sound/driver/ds1 ntfs

/boot/kernel
/boot/kernel/kernel
/boot/kernel.old/kernel
/boot
/boot/kernel
#
GENERIC
NOTES
GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
root
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf && make LINT

GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
machine        i386

alpha
amd64
i386
ia64
pc98
powerpc
sparc64
cpu          I486_CPU
cpu          I586_CPU
cpu          I686_CPU

I586_CPU
I686_CPU
/var/run/dmesg.boot
ident          GENERIC

MYKERNEL
ident
#To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for devices.

/boot/device.hints
hints
device.hints
/boot
makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

options          SCHED_4BSD         # 4BSD scheduler

options          PREEMPTION         # Enable kernel thread preemption

options          INET              # InterNETworking

options          INET6             # IPv6 communications protocols

options          FFS               # Berkeley Fast Filesystem

options          SOFTUPDATES       # Enable FFS Soft Updates support

soft-updates
options          UFS_ACL           # Support for access control lists

options          UFS_DIRHASH       # Improve performance on big directories

options          MD_ROOT           # MD is a potential root device

options          NFSCLIENT         # Network Filesystem Client
options          NFSSERVER         # Network Filesystem Server
options          NFS_ROOT          # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT

options          MSDOSFS           # MSDOS Filesystem

emulators/mtools
MSDOSFS
options          CD9660            # ISO 9660 Filesystem

options          PROCFS            # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)

/proc
PROCFS
PROCFS
options          PSEUDOFS          # Pseudo-filesystem framework

PROCFS
PSEUDOFS
options          GEOM_GPT          # GUID Partition Tables.

options          COMPAT_43         # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD4   # Compatible with FreeBSD4

options          SCSI_DELAY=5000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI

options          KTRACE            # ktrace(1) support

options          SYSVSHM           # SYSV-style shared memory

options          SYSVMSG           # SYSV-style message queues

options          SYSVSEM           # SYSV-style semaphores

options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions

options          KBD_INSTALL_CDEV  # install a CDEV entry in /dev

/dev
options          AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
options          AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.

options          ADAPTIVE_GIANT    # Giant mutex is adaptive.

ADAPTIVE_GIANT
device          apic               # I/O APIC

options SMP
device          eisa

device          pci

# Floppy drives
device          fdc

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata

device ata
device          atadisk                 # ATA disk drives

device ata
device          ataraid                 # ATA RAID drives

device ata

device          atapicd                 # ATAPI CDROM drives

device ata
device          atapifd                 # ATAPI floppy drives

device ata
device          atapist                 # ATAPI tape drives

device ata
options         ATA_STATIC_ID           # Static device numbering

# SCSI Controllers
device          ahb        # EISA AHA1742 family
device          ahc        # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
device          ahd        # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
device          amd        # AMD 53C974 (Teckram DC-390(T))
device          isp        # Qlogic family
#device         ispfw      # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module
device          mpt        # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device         ncr        # NCR/Symbios Logic
device          sym        # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
device          trm        # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

device          adv        # Advansys SCSI adapters
device          adw        # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
device          aha        # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
device          aic        # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
device          bt         # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

device          ncv        # NCR 53C500
device          nsp        # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device          stg        # TMC 18C30/18C50

# SCSI peripherals
device          scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device          ch         # SCSI media changers
device          da         # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa         # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd         # CD
device          pass       # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device          ses        # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)

# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device          amr        # AMI MegaRAID
device          arcmsr     # Areca SATA II RAID
device          asr        # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
device          ciss       # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
device          dpt        # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
device          hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
device          rr232x     # Highpoint RocketRAID 232x
device          iir        # Intel Integrated RAID
device          ips        # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
device          mly        # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device          twa        # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
device          aac        # Adaptec FSA RAID
device          aacp       # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
device          ida        # Compaq Smart RAID
device          mfi        # LSI MegaRAID SAS
device          mlx        # Mylex DAC960 family
device          pst        # Promise Supertrak SX6000
device          twe        # 3ware ATA RAID

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc     # AT keyboard controller

atkbdc
atkbd
psm
device          atkbd      # AT keyboard

atkbd
atkbdc
device          psm        # PS/2 mouse

device          kbdmux        # keyboard multiplexer

device          vga        # VGA video card driver

device          splash     # Splash screen and screen saver support

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc

sc
termcap
vt
VT220
TERM
scoansi
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device          vt
#options         XSERVER          # support for X server on a vt console
#options         FAT_CURSOR       # start with block cursor

sc
TERM
vt100
vt220
termcap
terminfo
sc
vt100
device          agp

# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device          apm

GENERIC
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device           pmtimer

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device          cbb               # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device          pccard            # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device          cardbus           # CardBus (32-bit) bus

# Serial (COM) ports
device          sio               # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports

COM
COM4
COM2
/boot/device.hints
0x*2e8
COM4
COM3
COM4
# Parallel port
device          ppc

device          ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)

device          lpt        # Printer

device          plip       # TCP/IP over parallel

device          ppi        # Parallel port interface device

#device         vpo        # Requires scbus and da

scbus
da
#device         puc

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de         # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (“Tulip”)
device          em         # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device          ixgb       # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device          txp        # 3Com 3cR990 (“Typhoon”)
device          vx         # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (“Vortex”)

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device          miibus     # MII bus support

device miibus
device          bce        # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
device          bfe        # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device          bge        # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device          fxp        # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device          lge        # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
device          nge        # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
device          nve        # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
device          pcn        # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
device          re         # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
device          sf         # Adaptec AIC-6915 (“Starfire”)
device          sis        # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
device          sk         # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device          ste        # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
device          ti         # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
device          tl         # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
device          tx         # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 “EPIC”)
device          vge        # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device          vr         # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device          wb         # Winbond W89C840F
device          xl         # 3Com 3c90x (“Boomerang”, “Cyclone”)

# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
device          cs         # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device          ed         # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device          ex         # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device          ep         # Etherlink III based cards
device          fe         # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device          ie         # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device          lnc        # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device          sn         # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device          xe         # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device         le

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
# Wireless NIC cards
device          wlan       # 802.11 support
device          an         # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device          awi        # BayStack 660 and others
device          ral        # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs.
device          wi         # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device         wl         # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.

# Pseudo devices
device   loop          # Network loopback

localhost
127.0.0.1
device   random        # Entropy device

device   ether         # Ethernet support

ether
device   sl            # Kernel SLIP

sl
device   ppp           # Kernel PPP

tun
device   tun           # Packet tunnel.

device   pty           # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)

telnet
rlogin
device   md            # Memory “disks”

device   gif           # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling

gif
device   faith         # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)

# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter

# USB support
device          uhci          # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device          ohci          # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device         ehci          # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device          usb           # USB Bus (required)
#device         udbp          # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device          ugen          # Generic
device          uhid          # “Human Interface Devices”
device          ukbd          # Keyboard
device          ulpt          # Printer
device          umass         # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device          ums           # Mouse
device          urio          # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device          uscanner      # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
device          aue           # ADMtek USB Ethernet
device          axe           # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
device          cdce          # Generic USB over Ethernet
device          cue           # CATC USB Ethernet
device          kue           # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
device          rue           # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet

# FireWire support
device          firewire      # FireWire bus code
device          sbp           # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device          fwe           # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
options            PAE

PAE
config
config: line 17: syntax error

GENERIC
make
make
unload
kernel
boot /boot/kernel.old/kernel
/var/log/messages
GENERIC
kernel.old
kernel.old
/boot/kernel
# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad
# mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
ppc0
ppc1
/dev/lpt0
bps
/etc/printcap
# grep sioN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
sio2 at port 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A

# grep ppcN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold

ppc0
ppc1
ppc2
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

/boot/device.hints
N
device ppc

/boot/device.hints
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

# lptcontrol -i -d /dev/lptN

lptN
# lptcontrol -p -d /dev/lptN

lptN
/etc/rc.local
%!PS
100 100 moveto 300 300 lineto stroke
310 310 moveto /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
(Is this thing working?) show
showpage

root
# lptest > /dev/lptN

N
# cat > /dev/lptN

RETURN
ENTER
CONTROL+D
# cat file > /dev/lptN

file
root
/etc/remote
printer:dv=/dev/port:br#bps-rate:pa=parity

port
ttyd0
ttyd1
bps-rate
parity
even
odd
none
zero
printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none

# tip printer

/etc/remote
/dev/cuaaN
/dev/ttydN
% $lptest

CONTROL+D
% >file

file
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/usr/share/misc/termcap
/etc/remote
/etc/printcap
sh
sd
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
ms#
/etc/printcap
lp
PRINTER
lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:

rattan
line
diablo
lp
Diablo 630 Line Printer
lp
bamboo
ps
PS
S
panasonic
Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript
v51.4
sh
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
sh
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - no header pages anywhere
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:

/var/spool
# mkdir /var/spool/printer-name

rattan
bamboo
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

/etc/printcap
sd
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added spooling directories
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

sd
/var/spool/lpd
/dev
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
rattan
bamboo
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - identified what devices to use
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:

lp
/etc/printcap
/dev/lp
/dev/lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lp
br#bps-rate
bps-rate
bps-rate
ms#stty-mode
lp
ms#
parenb
parodd
cs5
cs6
cs7
cs8
cstopb
crtscts
ixon
-parenb
cs8
clocal
crtscts
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:

lp
/bin/cat
lpf
lpf
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.

/bin/cat && exit 0
exit 2

# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple

if
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added text filter
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

if-simple
/usr/share/examples/printing
/etc/rc
lpd_enable
NO
lpd_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
# lpd

# lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name

printer-name
/etc/printcap
lpr file
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
"#$%&'()*+,-./012345
#$%&'()*+,-./0123456
$%&'()*+,-./01234567
%&'()*+,-./012345678

lptest 80 60
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr -t
lpr -d
lpr -v
lpf
lpf
/usr/share/examples/printing
lf
/etc/printcap
/dev/console
/etc/printcap
lpr -t
tf
if
/etc/printcap
filter-name
width
length
indent
login
host
acct-file
lpr -l
width
pw
/etc/printcap
length
pl
indent
lpr -i
login
host
acct-file
af
filter-name
pixel-width
pixel-height
login
host
acct-file
pixel-width
px
pixel-height
py
filter-name
width
length
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
%!
lprps
lprps
toner low
paper jam
psif
textps
lprps
lprps
lprps
lprps
psif
lprps
lprps
/etc/printcap
:if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:

rw
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psif - Print PostScript or plain text on a PostScript printer
#  Script version; NOT the version that comes with lprps
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psif
#

IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
    #
    #  PostScript job, print it.
    #
    echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\004" && exit 0
    exit 2
else
    #
    #  Plain text, convert it, then print it.
    #
    ( echo "$first_line"; cat ) | /usr/local/bin/textps && printf "\004" && exit 0
    exit 2
fi

textps
a2ps
gs
gs -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  ifhp - Print Ghostscript-simulated PostScript on a DeskJet 500
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/ifhp

#
#  Treat LF as CR+LF (to avoid the "staircase effect" on HP/PCL
#  printers):
#
printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2

#
#  Read first two characters of the file
#
IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
    #
    #  It is PostScript; use Ghostscript to scan-convert and print it.
    #
    /usr/local/bin/gs -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=djet500 \
      -sOutputFile=- - && exit 0
else
    #
    #  Plain text or HP/PCL, so just print it directly; print a form feed
    #  at the end to eject the last page.
    #
    echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\033&l0H" && 
exit 0
fi

exit 2

if
:if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:

lpr plain.text
lpr whatever.ps
% dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi
% lpr seaweed-analysis.ps

% lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lpr
/etc/printcap
lpr
cf
df
gf
nf
rf
tf
vf
if
lpr -d
df
/etc/printcap
gf
lpr -g
/usr/local
/usr/local/libexec
/etc/printcap
bamboo
/etc/printcap
df
bamboo
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added df filter for bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/usr/local/libexec/psdf
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
# Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d
#
exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

dvips
lprps
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpvf - Convert GIF files into HP/PCL, then print
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpvf

PATH=/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH; export PATH
giftopnm | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtolj -resolution 300 \
    && exit 0 \
    || exit 2

/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:

bamboo
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print.
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print.
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops

/etc/printcap
:tf=/usr/local/libexec/pstf:

teak
#!/bin/sh
#
# hprf - FORTRAN text filter for LaserJet 3si:
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hprf
#

printf "\033&k2G" && fpr && printf "\033&l0H" &&
 exit 0
exit 2

/etc/printcap
teak
:rf=/usr/local/libexec/hprf:

teak
/etc/printcap
:df=/usr/local/libexec/hpdf:

dvi2xx
dvilj2p
dvilj2p
hpdf
dvilj2p
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
dvilj2p
/tmp
bin
daemon
/tmp
sd
/etc/printcap
/tmp
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpdf - Print DVI data on HP/PCL printer
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpdf

PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH

#
#  Define a function to clean up our temporary files.  These exist
#  in the current directory, which will be the spooling directory
#  for the printer.
#
cleanup() {
   rm -f hpdf$$.dvi
}

#
#  Define a function to handle fatal errors: print the given message
#  and exit 2.  Exiting with 2 tells LPD to do not try to reprint the
#  job.
#
fatal() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    cleanup
    exit 2
}

#
#  If user removes the job, LPD will send SIGINT, so trap SIGINT
#  (and a few other signals) to clean up after ourselves.
#
trap cleanup 1 2 15 

#
#  Make sure we are not colliding with any existing files.
#
cleanup

#
#  Link the DVI input file to standard input (the file to print).
#
ln -s /dev/fd/0 hpdf$$.dvi || fatal "Cannot symlink /dev/fd/0"

#
#  Make LF = CR+LF
#
printf "\033&k2G" || fatal "Cannot initialize printer"

# 
#  Convert and print.  Return value from dvilj2p does not seem to be
#  reliable, so we ignore it.
#
dvilj2p -M1 -q -e- dfhp$$.dvi

#
#  Clean up and exit
#
cleanup
exit 0

file
apsfilter
filter-name
width
length
width
pw
length
pl
SIGSTOP
SIGCONT
lpf
lpf
lpf
lpf
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr -i
lpr -l
lpf
lpf
lpf
pw
pl
/etc/printcap
sh
/etc/printcap
sh
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpof - Output filter for Hewlett Packard PCL-compatible printers
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpof

printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2
exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf

of
/etc/printcap
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/hpof:

teak
lpr -h
ff
/etc/printcap
rose
      k                   ll       ll
      k                    l        l
      k                    l        l
      k   k     eeee       l        l     y    y
      k  k     e    e      l        l     y    y
      k k      eeeeee      l        l     y    y
      kk k     e           l        l     y    y
      k   k    e    e      l        l     y   yy
      k    k    eeee      lll      lll     yyy y
                                               y
                                          y    y
                                           yyyy

                                   ll
                          t         l        i
                          t         l
       oooo    u    u   ttttt       l       ii     n nnn     eeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     nn   n   e    e
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   eeeeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   e
      o    o   u   uu     t  t      l        i     n    n   e    e
       oooo     uuu u      tt      lll      iii    n    n    eeee

      r rrr     oooo     ssss     eeee
      rr   r   o    o   s    s   e    e
      r        o    o    ss      eeeeee
      r        o    o      ss    e
      r        o    o   s    s   e    e
      r         oooo     ssss     eeee

                                              Job:  outline
                                              Date: Sun Sep 17 11:04:58 1995

sf
/etc/printcap
sb
/etc/printcap
rose:kelly  Job: outline  Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995

hl
/etc/printcap
lpr -h
lpr -h
lpr -h
af
sh
/etc/printcap
lpr -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  make-ps-header - make a PostScript header page on stdout
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header
#

#
#  These are PostScript units (72 to the inch).  Modify for A4 or
#  whatever size paper you are using:
#
page_width=612
page_height=792
border=72

#
#  Check arguments
#
if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
    echo "Usage: `basename $0` <user> <host> <job>" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

#
#  Save these, mostly for readability in the PostScript, below.
#
user=$1
host=$2
job=$3
date=`date`

#
#  Send the PostScript code to stdout.
#
exec cat <<EOF
%!PS

%
%  Make sure we do not interfere with user's job that will follow
%
save

%
%  Make a thick, unpleasant border around the edge of the paper.
%
$border $border moveto
$page_width $border 2 mul sub 0 rlineto
0 $page_height $border 2 mul sub rlineto
currentscreen 3 -1 roll pop 100 3 1 roll setscreen
$border 2 mul $page_width sub 0 rlineto closepath
0.8 setgray 10 setlinewidth stroke 0 setgray

%
%  Display user's login name, nice and large and prominent
%
/Helvetica-Bold findfont 64 scalefont setfont
$page_width ($user) stringwidth pop sub 2 div $page_height 200 sub moveto
($user) show

%
%  Now show the boring particulars
%
/Helvetica findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ (Job:) (Host:) (Date:) ] {
200 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def }
forall

/Helvetica-Bold findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ ($job) ($host) ($date) ] {
        270 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def
} forall

%
% That is it
%
restore
showpage
EOF

#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
#  Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d
#

orig_args="$@"

fail() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    exit 2
}

while getopts "x:y:n:h:" option; do
    case $option in
        x|y)  ;; # Ignore
        n)    login=$OPTARG ;;
        h)    host=$OPTARG ;;
        *)    echo "LPD started `basename $0` wrong." 1>&2
              exit 2
              ;;
    esac
done

[ "$login" ] || fail "No login name"
[ "$host" ] || fail "No host name"

( /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header $login $host "DVI File"
  /usr/local/bin/dvips -f ) | eval /usr/local/libexec/lprps $orig_args

lpr
lpr -h
lprps
psof
psof
text
hpif
/etc/printcap
lp
:lp=:
sd
rm
rp
/etc/printcap
rose
bamboo
rattan
orchid
/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
rose
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid - added (remote) printers on rose
#

#
#  teak is local; it is connected directly to orchid:
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

#
#  rattan is connected to rose; send jobs for rattan to rose:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

#
#  bamboo is connected to rose as well:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

orchid
# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

orchid
rattan
bamboo
orchid
% lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi

orchid
/var/spool/lpd/bamboo
rose
bamboo
rose
rose
bamboo
rose
/etc/printcap
netprint
netprint
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
#  netprint - Text filter for printer attached to network
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/netprint
#
$#ARGV eq 1 || die "Usage: $0 <printer-hostname> <port-number>";

$printer_host = $ARGV[0];
$printer_port = $ARGV[1];

require 'sys/socket.ph';

($ignore, $ignore, $protocol) = getprotobyname('tcp');
($ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $address)
    = gethostbyname($printer_host);

$sockaddr = pack('S n a4 x8', &AF_INET, $printer_port, $address);

socket(PRINTER, &PF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, $protocol)
    || die "Can't create TCP/IP stream socket: $!";
connect(PRINTER, $sockaddr) || die "Can't contact $printer_host: $!";
while (<STDIN>) { print PRINTER; }
exit 0;

#!/bin/sh
#
#  diablo-if-net - Text filter for Diablo printer `scrivener' listening
#  on port 5100.   Installed in /usr/local/libexec/diablo-if-net
#
exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf "$@" | /usr/local/libexec/netprint scrivener 5100

lpr -#5
sc
/etc/printcap
lpr: multiple copies are not allowed

sc
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
rose
rattan
bamboo
sc
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - restrict multiple copies on bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

sc
orchid
/etc/printcap
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid - no multiple copies for local
#  printer teak or remote printer bamboo
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:sc:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:

sc
lpr -#
% lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign

rg
/etc/printcap
rg
root
lpr: Not a member of the restricted group
sc
rg
rattan
artists
bamboo
/etc/printcap
rose
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - restricted group for bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/etc/printcap
orchid
orchid
bamboo
orchid
mx
BUFSIZ
mx
rattan
bamboo
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose
#

#
#  No limit on job size:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

#
#  Limit of five megabytes:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

mx
/etc/printcap
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
rose
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de

rose
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de
rose
minfree
minfree
minfree
bamboo
/etc/printcap
bamboo
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:mx#5000:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

sd
# echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree

rs
/etc/printcap
rs
/usr/bin/false
lpf
af
/etc/printcap
lpf
pw
pl
lpf
2.00 rose:andy
3.00 rose:kelly
3.00 orchid:mary
5.00 orchid:mary
2.00 orchid:zhang

lpf
lpf
af=acct
/etc/printcap
acct
pac
  Login               pages/feet   runs    price
orchid:kelly                5.00    1   $  0.10
orchid:mary                31.00    3   $  0.62
orchid:zhang                9.00    1   $  0.18
rose:andy                   2.00    1   $  0.04
rose:kelly                177.00  104   $  3.54
rose:mary                  87.00   32   $  1.74
rose:root                  26.00   12   $  0.52

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

printer
printer
af
/etc/printcap
smith
alpha
smith
gamma
price
price
pc
/etc/printcap
price
name
...
names
pac -m
  Login               pages/feet   runs    price
andy                        2.00    1   $  0.04
kelly                     182.00  105   $  3.64
mary                      118.00   35   $  2.36
root                       26.00   12   $  0.52
zhang                       9.00    1   $  0.18

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

pc
/etc/printcap
# pac -p1.50

pac -s
_sum
lpf
lpf
dvilj
dvips
printer-name
/etc/printcap
PRINTER
PRINTER
lp
PRINTER
lp
PRINTER
% lpr filename ...

% lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv

% lpr -P printer-name filename ...

rattan
% ls -l | lpr -P rattan

lpr
ls -l
% lpq -P bamboo

bamboo
lpq
bamboo is ready and printing
Rank   Owner    Job  Files                              Total Size
active kelly    9    /etc/host.conf, /etc/hosts.equiv   88 bytes
2nd    kelly    10   (standard input)                   1635 bytes
3rd    mary     11   ...                                78519 bytes

bamboo
active
mary
lpq -l
waiting for bamboo to become ready (offline ?)
kelly: 1st               [job 009rose]
       /etc/host.conf                    73 bytes
       /etc/hosts.equiv                  15 bytes

kelly: 2nd               [job 010rose]
       (standard input)                  1635 bytes

mary: 3rd                                [job 011rose]
      /home/orchid/mary/research/venus/alpha-regio/mapping 78519 bytes

% lprm job-number

bamboo
% lprm -P bamboo 10

user
user
rattan
% lprm -P rattan -

% lpr -P rattan myfile
% rlogin orchid
% lpq -P rattan
Rank   Owner      Job  Files                          Total Size
active seeyan     12    ...                           49123 bytes
2nd    kelly      13   myfile                         12 bytes
% lprm -P rattan 13
rose: Permission denied
% logout
% lprm -P rattan 13
dfA013rose dequeued
cfA013rose dequeued

fish-report.dvi
bamboo
% lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi

number
number
number
title
title
% zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t

copies
copies
parser.c
parser.h
% lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h

text
text
text
text
stdin
root
root
printer-name
all
printer-name
/etc/printcap
abort printer-name
clean printer-name
disable printer-name
root
root
enable
down printer-name message
disable
stop
message
lpc status
enable printer-name
help command-name
command-name
command-name
restart printer-name
stop
down
restart
abort
start
start printer-name
stop printer-name
topq printer-name job-or-username
printer-name
job
username
all
printer-name
up printer-name
down
start
enable
exit
quit
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.
# Writes a form feed character (\f) after printing job.

/bin/cat && printf "\f" && exit 0
exit 2

!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
                "#$%&'()*+,-./012345
                                 #$%&'()*+,-./0123456

ms#
onlcr
/etc/printcap
#!/bin/sh
#
# hpif - Simple text input filter for lpd for HP-PCL based printers
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpif
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.
# Tells printer to treat LF as CR+LF.  Ejects the page when done.

printf "\033&k2G" && cat && printf "\033&l0H" && exit 0
exit 2

/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:

ixon
ms#
crtscts
ms#
br
ms#
/etc/printcap
lf
/etc/printcap
rattan
lf
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:\
        :lf=/var/log/rattan.log

/var/log/rattan.log
lf
/dev/console
linux
root
# kldload linux

/etc/rc.conf
linux_enable="YES"

% kldstat
Id Refs Address    Size     Name
 1    2 0xc0100000 16bdb8   kernel
 7    1 0xc24db000 d000     linux.ko

options
COMPAT_LINUX
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-fc4
# make install distclean

emulators/linux_base
/compat/linux
/lib/libc.so
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so
/lib/libc.so
/compat/linux/lib
ld.so
linux_base
root
ldd linuxdoom
% ldd linuxdoom
libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29

/compat/linux
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

ldd
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27

ldd
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29

/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
libc.so
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

% ./my-linux-elf-binary
ELF binary type not known
Abort

% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary

resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword resolv+:
"hosts" is an invalid keyword

/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
order hosts, bind
multi on

/etc/hosts
/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
/etc/host.conf
bind
/etc/resolv.conf
# sysctl kern.fallback_elf_brand=3

MathInstaller
# mount /cdrom
# cp /cdrom/Unix/Installers/Linux/MathInstaller /localdir/

/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh
Linux)
FreeBSD)
uname -s
MathInstaller
/usr/local/bin
math
mathematica
Mathematica
MathKernel
Linux)
FreeBSD)
#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/local/bin
for i in math mathematica Mathematica MathKernel
  do sed 's/Linux)/FreeBSD)/g' $i > $i.tmp
  sed 's/\/bin\/sh/\/compat\/linux\/bin\/sh/g' $i.tmp > $i
  rm $i.tmp
  chmod a+x $i
done

mathinfo
/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
/usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts
Type1
X
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
fonts.dir
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
# mkdir X
# mkdir MathType1
# cd /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
# cp X/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# cp Type1/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# mkfontdir
# cd ../MathType1
# mkfontdir

# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# xset fp rehash

xorg.conf
XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
MathType1
Type1
INSTALL
/usr/local/maple
/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat
INSTALL_LIC
/usr/local/maple/bin/maple.system.type
   ----- snip ------------------
*** maple.system.type.orig      Sun Jul  8 16:35:33 2001
--- maple.system.type   Sun Jul  8 16:35:51 2001
***************
*** 72,77 ****
--- 72,78 ----
          # the IBM RS/6000 AIX case
          MAPLE_BIN="bin.IBM_RISC_UNIX"
          ;;
+     "FreeBSD"|\
      "Linux")
          # the Linux/x86 case
        # We have two Linux implementations, one for Red Hat and
   ----- snip end of patch -----

"FreeBSD"|\
bin/maple
bin/maple.system.type
uname -a
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lmgrd.sh
lmgrd
   ----- snip ------------

#! /bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/maple/bin:/usr/local/maple/FLEXlm/UNIX/LINUX
export PATH

LICENSE_FILE=/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat
LOG=/var/log/lmgrd.log

case "$1" in
start)
    lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
    echo -n " lmgrd"
    ;;
stop)
    lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} -x lmdown 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" 1>&2
    exit 64
    ;;
esac

exit 0
   ----- snip ------------

% cd /usr/local/maple/bin
% ./xmaple

lmgrd
# =======================================================
# License File for UNIX Installations ("Pointer File")
# =======================================================
SERVER chillig ANY
#USE_SERVER
VENDOR maplelmg

FEATURE Maple maplelmg 2000.0831 permanent 1 XXXXXXXXXXXX \
         PLATFORMS=i86_r ISSUER="Waterloo Maple Inc." \
         ISSUED=11-may-2000 NOTICE=" Technische Universitat Wien" \
         SN=XXXXXXXXX

chillig
root
# /compat/linux/bin/sh /cdrom/install

setenv HOME ~USER
USER
set
MATLAB=/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab
$MATLAB/license.dat
# ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmboot /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW
# ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmdown /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh
$MATLAB/etc/rc.lm.glnx86
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
  start)
        if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW ]; then
              /compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW -u username && echo 'MATLAB_lmgrd'
        fi
        ;;
  stop)
    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW ]; then
            /compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW  > /dev/null 2>&1
    fi
        ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

# chmod +x /usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh

username
root
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh start

# cd $MATLAB/sys/java/jre/glnx86/
# unlink jre; ln -s ./jre1.1.8 ./jre

/usr/local/bin/matlab
#!/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab "$@"

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/matlab
emulators/linux_base
/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab
if [ `expr "$lscmd" : '.*->.*'` -ne 0 ]; then

if test -L $newbase; then

$MATLAB/toolbox/local/finish.m
! $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh

$MATLAB
finishsav.m
finishdlg.m
save
$MATLAB/bin/finish.sh
#!/usr/compat/linux/bin/sh
(sleep 5; killall -1 matlab_helper) &
exit 0

# chmod +x $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh

matlab
emulators/linux_base
devel/linux_devtools
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
archivers/rpm
# rpm -i --ignoreos --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm package

package
SHMMAX
SHMMAX
SHMMAXPGS
PGSIZE
SHMMAXPGS
options SHMMAXPGS=10000
options SHMMNI=100
options SHMSEG=10
options SEMMNS=200
options SEMMNI=70
options SEMMSL=61

options SYSVSHM #SysV shared memory
options SYSVSEM #SysV semaphores
options SYSVMSG #SysV interprocess communication

oracle
oracle
/compat/linux/bin/bash
/etc/shells
oracle
/compat/linux/bin/bash
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ORACLE_HOME/lib
CLASSPATH
$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
PATH
/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin
/compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin
$ORACLE_HOME/bin
.profile
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=386x; export ORACLE_TERM
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
export CLASSPATH
PATH=/compat/linux/bin:/compat/linux/sbin:/compat/linux/usr/bin
PATH=$PATH:/compat/linux/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH

.oracle
/var/tmp
oracle
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
# ar r libnetwork.a ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk install

root.sh
root
root.sh
orainst
root.sh
chown
*** orainst/root.sh.orig Tue Oct 6 21:57:33 1998
--- orainst/root.sh Mon Dec 28 15:58:53 1998
***************
*** 31,37 ****
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/bin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script
--- 31,37 ----
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/usr/sbin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script

root.sh
rthd.sh
orainst
genclntsh
PATH
*** bin/genclntsh.orig Wed Sep 30 07:37:19 1998
--- bin/genclntsh Tue Dec 22 15:36:49 1998
***************
*** 32,38 ****
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst
--- 32,38 ----
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst

/dev/da
/dev/amr
/dev/amr0s1a
/dev/da0s1a
/dev/da0s1a
/
/dev/da0s1b
/dev/da0s1e
/var
/dev/da0s1f
/usr
/dev/da1s1e
/compat/linux/oracle
/dev/da1s1f
/compat/linux/sapmnt
/dev/da1s1g
/compat/linux/usr/sap
make world
root
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base
# make install distclean

# cd /usr/ports/devel/linux_devtools
# make install distclean

R3SETUP
# rpm -i --ignoreos --nodeps --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm \
pam-0.68-7.i386.rpm

tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
linprocfs
/etc/fstab
kern.fallback_elf_brand=3
/etc/sysctl.conf
/compat/linux/oracle
/compat/linux/sapmnt
/compat/linux/usr/sap
# ln -s /compat/linux/oracle /oracle
# ln -s /compat/linux/sapmnt /sapmnt
# ln -s /compat/linux/usr/sap /usr/sap

INFO 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:200
    Checking existence of symbolic link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg to
    /sapmnt/PRD/exe. Creating if it does not exist...

WARNING 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:400
    Link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg exists but it points to file
    /compat/linux/sapmnt/PRD/exe instead of /sapmnt/PRD/exe. The
    program cannot go on as long as this link exists at this
    location. Move the link to another location.

ERROR 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND Ins_SetupLinks:0
    can not setup link '/usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg' with content
    '/sapmnt/PRD/exe'

SAP
NIX
IDS
PRD
dba
oper
dba
sid
sid
Name: sidadm
Password: ******
Fullname: SAP Administrator SID
Uid: 1000
Gid: 101 (sapsys)
Class:
Groups: sapsys dba
HOME: /home/sidadm
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)

Name: orasid 
Password: ****** 
Fullname: Oracle Administrator SID
Uid: 1002 
Gid: 100 (dba) 
Class: 
Groups: dba 
HOME: /oracle/sid 
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)

oper
dba
oper
root
# chmod 775 /oracle
# chmod 777 /sapmnt
# chown root:dba /oracle
# chown sidadm:sapsys /compat/linux/usr/sap
# chmod 775 /compat/linux/usr/sap

orasid
/oracle/SID
# su - orasid
# cd /oracle/SID
# mkdir mirrlogA mirrlogB origlogA origlogB
# mkdir sapdata1 sapdata2 sapdata3 sapdata4 sapdata5 sapdata6
# mkdir saparch sapreorg
# exit

# su - orasid
# cd /oracle
# mkdir 805_32
# mkdir client stage
# mkdir client/80x_32
# mkdir stage/817_32
# cd /oracle/SID
# mkdir 817_32

client/80x_32
sidadm
# su - sidadm
# cd /usr/sap
# mkdir SID
# mkdir trans
# exit

/etc/services
/etc/services
00
00
99
dp
gw
sp
ms
99
sapdp00    3200/tcp # SAP Dispatcher.      3200 + Instance-Number
sapgw00  3300/tcp # SAP Gateway.         3300 + Instance-Number
sapsp00  3400/tcp #                      3400 + Instance-Number
sapms00  3500/tcp #                      3500 + Instance-Number
sapmsSID 3600/tcp # SAP Message Server.  3600 + Instance-Number
sapgw00s   4800/tcp # SAP Secure Gateway   4800 + Instance-Number

de_DE.ISO-8859-1
en_US.ISO-8859-1

# cd /compat/linux/usr/share/locale
# ln -s de_DE de_DE.ISO-8859-1
# ln -s en_US en_US.ISO-8859-1

STATUS
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
# Set these for memory pigs (SAP and Oracle):
options MAXDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
options DFLDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
# System V options needed.
options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
options SHMMAXPGS=262144 #max amount of shared mem. pages
#options SHMMAXPGS=393216 #use this for the 46C inst.parameters
options SHMMNI=256 #max number of shared memory ident if.
options SHMSEG=100 #max shared mem.segs per process
options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues 
options MSGSEG=32767 #max num. of mes.segments in system 
options MSGSSZ=32 #size of msg-seg. MUST be power of 2
options MSGMNB=65535 #max char. per message queue
options MSGTQL=2046 #max amount of msgs in system
options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores 
options SEMMNU=256 #number of semaphore UNDO structures
options SEMMNS=1024 #number of semaphores in system
options SEMMNI=520 #number of semaphore identifiers
options SEMUME=100       #number of UNDO keys

MAXDSIZ
DFLDSIZ
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux Error: 12: Cannot allocate memory
/oracle/SID/sapreorg/cd-name

cd-name
KERNEL
RDBMS
EXPORT1
EXPORT2
EXPORT3
EXPORT4
EXPORT5
EXPORT6
KERNEL
RDBMS
DISK1
DISK2
DISK3
DISK4
LANG
# mount_cd9660 -g /dev/cd0a /mnt
# cp -R /mnt/* /oracle/SID/sapreorg/cd-name
# umount /mnt

install
# cd /oracle/SID/sapreorg
# mkdir install
# cd install

install
# /oracle/SID/sapreorg/KERNEL/UNIX/INSTTOOL.SH

CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRDB.R3S
EXPORT1
R3SETUP
CENTRAL.R3S
hostname
alias hostname='hostname -s'
orasid
sidadm
root
root
.profile
.login
R3SETUP
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib

R3SETUP
root
# cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

sid
sid
LABEL.ASC
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/sapmnt/PRD/exe:/oracle/PRD/817_32/lib

R3SETUP
root
# cd /oracle/PRD/sapreorg/install
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRAL.R3S

oraprd
prdadm
orasid
sidadm
Readme
orainst
compat-libs-5.2-2.i386.rpm
compat-glibc-5.2-2.0.7.2.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-c++-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-binutils-5.2-2.9.1.0.23.1.i386.rpm
Readme
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
# su - oraids
# export TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/IDS
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst_sap
# ./orainst

i386-glibc20-linux-gcc
gcc
egcs
i386-redhat-linux-gcc
oracle81732.tgz
/oracle/SID/817_32/
idsamd
sid
oraids
sid
.profile
.login
.cshrc
hostname
hostname
hostname -s
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3load
dipgntab
orasid
% umask 0; lsnrctl start

idsadm
saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -get

saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -install

SAP SYSTEM ID   = SID, 3 chars
CUSTOMER KEY    = hardware key, 11 chars
INSTALLATION NO = installation, 10 digits
EXPIRATION DATE = yyyymmdd, usually "99991231"
LICENSE KEY     = license key, 24 chars

sap*
ddic
wartung
service
sap_new
sap_all
sap*
ddic
ddic
sap*
initsid.sap
initIDS.sap
/oracle/IDS/dbs/initIDS.sap
sapdba
brbackup
compress = hardware
archive_function = copy_delete_save
cpio_flags = "-ov --format=newc --block-size=128 --quiet"
cpio_in_flags = "-iuv --block-size=128 --quiet"
tape_size = 38000M
tape_address = /dev/nsa0
tape_address_rew = /dev/sa0

brbackup
cpio
cpio
cpio
Mem: 547M Active, 305M Inact, 109M Wired, 40M Cache, 112M Buf, 3492K Free

R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3S
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRAL.R3S

CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
orasid
umask 0; lsnrctl
start
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
[OSUSERSIDADM_IND_ORA]
STATUS=ERROR
HOME=/home/sidadm (was empty)
STATUS=OK (had status ERROR)

R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
[OSUSERDBSID_IND_ORA]
STATUS=ERROR
STATUS=OK

R3SETUP
oraview.vrf FILE NOT FOUND
TEXTENV_INVALID
R3SETUP
saplocales-1.0-3
saposcheck-1.0-1
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
Sat May 5 14:23:14 2001
*** ERROR => no valid userarea given [trgmsgo. 0401]
Sat May 5 14:23:22 2001
*** ERROR => ERROR NR 24 occured [trgmsgi. 0410]
*** ERROR => Error when generating text environment. [trgmsgi. 0435]
*** ERROR => function failed [trgmsgi. 0447]
*** ERROR => no socket operation allowed [trxio.c 3363]
Speicherzugriffsfehler

DEFAULT.PFL
abap/set_etct_env_at_new_mode = 0
install/collate/active = 0
rscp/TCP0B = TCP0B

DEFAULT.PFL
ipcs -a
ipcrm
startsap
startsap_majestix_00
prdadm
oraprd
svrmgrl
% svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal;
SVRMGR> startup;
SVRMGR> exit

oraids
# umask 0; lsnrctl start

MAXDSIZ
DFLDSIZ
Linux Error 12: Cannot allocate
memory
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
DIPGNTAB
""
SID
/usr/sap/IDS/SYS/...
/usr/sap/IDS/DVMGS00

/usr/sap//SYS/...
/usr/sap/D00

# pwd
/compat/linux/usr/sap
# ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:20 D00
drwxr-x--x 5  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:35 IDS
lrwxr-xr-x 1  root   sapsys 7 May 5 11:35 SYS -> IDS/SYS
drwxrwxr-x 2  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 13:00 tmp
drwxrwxr-x 11 idsadm sapsys 512 May 4 14:20 trans

R3SETUP
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
RSWBOINS
RFCRSWBOINI
RFCRADDBDIF
R3SETUP
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
RADDBDIF
startsap
ps ax | grep SID
/usr/sap/SID/DVEBMGSnr/work/
dev_ms
dev_disp
# larger value for 46C production systems:
options SHMMAXPGS=393216
# smaller value sufficient for 46B:
#options SHMMAXPGS=262144

saposcol
saposcol
saposcol
<199906020108.SAA07001@usr09.primenet.com>
#!
:\n
#!
/bin/sh
Linux
# brandelf -t Linux file

Linux
Linux
proc
sysent[]
sysent[]
proc
unionfs
/compat/linux/original-path
/original-path
/compat/linux
sysent[]
proc
rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
/etc
sysctl

Nazwa urządzenia	IRQ	Port(y) we/wy	Uwagi
Pierwszy dysk twardy	brak	brak	40 GB, firmy Seagate, IDE 1 master
CDROM	brak	brak	IDE 1 slave
Drugi dysk twardy	brak	brak	20 GB, firmy IBM, IDE 2 master
Kontroler IDE	14	0x1f0
Karta sieciowa	brak	brak	Intel® 10/100
Modem	brak	brak	3Com® 56K faxmodem na COM1
...

Partycja	System plików	Rozmiar	Opis
`a`	`/`	100 MB	Będzie to główny system plików. Wszystkie inne systemy plików będą zamontowane gdzieś wewnątrz niego. 100 MB jest dość rozsądnym rozmiarem dla tego celu. Nie będzie tu przechowywane zbyt wiele danych, zwykle po instalacji FreeBSD umieszcza tu około 40 MB danych. Pozostałe miejsce jest dla danych tymczasowych, oraz służy jako zapas, gdyby kolejne wersje FreeBSD potrzebowały więcej miejsca w `/`.
`b`	brak	2-3 x RAM	Partycja ta służy jako przestrzeń wymiany. Wybór jej odpowiedniego rozmiaru nie jest sprawą banalną. Możemy przyjąć, że przestrzeń wymiany powinna być dwu- lub trzykrotnie większa niż ilość pamięci fizycznej (RAM). Prócz tego powinniśmy mieć co najmniej 64 MB przestrzeni wymiany, więc jeżeli nasz komputer ma mniej niż 32 MB pamięci, ustawmy rozmiar przestrzeni wymiany na 64 MB. Jeśli dysponujemy kilkoma dyskami, możemy na każdym z nich umieścić przestrzeń wymiany. FreeBSD będzie w procesie wymiany wykorzystywać każdy z dysków, dzięki czemu wymiana będzie się odbywać szybciej. W takim przypadku przyjmujemy całkowity rozmiar potrzebnej przestrzeni wymiany (np. 128 MB) i dzielimy go przez liczbę posiadanych dysków (np. dwa dyski), otrzymując w wyniku rozmiar przestrzeni wymiany dla jednego dysku. W naszym przykładzie będzie to 64 MB na każdy dysk.
`e`	`/var`	50 MB	W katalogu `/var` przechowywane są pliki o zmiennych rozmiarach; pliki dzienników systemowych i inne pliki administracyjne. Podczas codziennej pracy FreeBSD na wielu z tych plików dokonywane są częste operacje odczytu lub zapisu. Dzięki umieszczeniu ich w oddzielnym systemie plików FreeBSD może dokonać optymalizacji dostępu do nich, nie wywierając jednocześnie wpływu na inne pliki, do których dostęp przebiega inaczej.
`f`	`/usr`	Reszta dysku	Inne pliki będą zwykle przechowywane w katalogu `/usr` i jego podkatalogach.

Partycja	System plików	Rozmiar	Opis
`b`	brak	Patrz: opis	Jak już powiedzieliśmy, przestrzeń wymiany możemy dzielić między kilka dysków. Mimo, iż mamy do dyspozycji partycję `a`, zgodnie z obowiązującą konwencją przestrzeń wymiany powinna znajdować się na partycji `b`.
`e`	/dysk`n`	Reszta dysku	Pozostała część dysku zajmowana jest przez jedną dużą partycję. Mogłaby to z powodzeniem być partycja `a`, zamiast `e`. Przyjęto jednak, że partycja `a` zarezerwowana jest dla głównego systemu plików (`/`). Nie ma przymusu stosowania tej zasady, jednak sysinstall jej przestrzega, dobrze więc jest ją stosować dla zachowania porządku podczas instalacji. System plików możemy zamontować w dowolnym miejscu, w przykładzie zaproponowano `/dyskn`, gdzie `n` jest kolejnym numerem każdego dysku. Można jednak wybrać inne nazewnictwo według uznania..

Nazwa pliku	Zawartość
`version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso`	Wszystko, co jest potrzebne do zainstalowania FreeBSD.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso`	Wszystko, co jest potrzebne do zainstalowania FreeBSD, i tyle dodatkowych pakietów, ile zmieściło się na płycie.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso`	“Żywy system plików”, używany wraz z dostępną w sysinstall funkcją “Repair” (naprawa). Kopia drzewa CVS FreeBSD. Dodatkowe pakiety o charakterze niezależnym.

Nazwa pliku	Zawartość
`version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso`	Wszystko co jest niezbędne by uruchomić jądro FreeBSD i rozpocząć instalację. Pliki instalacyjne zostaną probrane z serwera FTP bądź innego źródła.
`version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso`	Wszystko, co jest potrzebne do zainstalowania FreeBSD.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso`	Wszystko co jest potrzebne by zainstalować FreeBSD jako “żywy system plików” używany wraz z dostępną w sysinstall funkcją “Repair” (naprawa).
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso`	Dokumentacja FreeBSD i tyle dodatkowych pakietów, ile zmieściło się na płycie.

	Extreme	Medium
sendmail(8)	NIE	TAK
sshd(8)	NIE	TAK
portmap(8)	NIE	MOŻE [a]
serwer NFS	NIE	TAK
securelevel(8)	TAK [b]	NIE
Przypisy: a. Portmapper jest włączony, jeśli na wcześniejszym etapie instalacji komputer został skonfigurowany jako klient lub serwer NFS. b. Wybierając profil zabezpieczeń, który powoduje ustawienie securelevel na “Extreme” lub “High”, powinniśmy pamiętać o konsekwencjach. Warto przeczytać dokumentację systemową init(8) i zwrócić szczególną uwagę na znaczenie poziomów bezpieczeństwa, by uniknąć późniejszych kłopotów!

Wartość	Uprawnienia	Symbol
0	Odczyt: nie, zapis: nie, wykonywanie: nie	`---`
1	Odczyt: nie, zapis: nie, wykonywanie: tak	`--x`
2	Odczyt: nie, zapis: tak, wykonywanie: nie	`-w-`
3	Odczyt: nie, zapis: tak, wykonywanie: tak	`-wx`
4	Odczyt: tak, zapis: nie, wykonywanie: nie	`r--`
5	Odczyt: tak, zapis: nie, wykonywanie: tak	`r-x`
6	Odczyt: tak, zapis: tak, wykonywanie: nie	`rw-`
7	Odczyt: tak, zapis: tak, wykonywanie: tak	`rwx`

Opcja	Litera	Znaczenie
(kto)	u	Użytkownik (właściciel)
(kto)	g	Grupa
(kto)	o	Inni
(kto)	a	Wszyscy (“świat”)
(akcja)	+	Dodanie uprawnień
(akcja)	-	Usunięcie uprawnień
(akcja)	=	Ustawienie uprawnień
(uprawnienia)	r	Odczyt
(uprawnienia)	w	Zapis
(uprawnienia)	x	Wykonywanie
(uprawnienia)	t	Bit “lepki”
(uprawnienia)	s	Ustawienie UID lub GID

Katalog	Opis
`/`	Główny katalog systemu plików.
`/bin/`	Programy użytkowe wykorzystywane zarówno w trybie jednego użytkownika, jak i w trybie wielu użytkowników.
`/boot/`	Programy i pliki konfiguracyjne używane podczas uruchamiania systemu.
`/boot/defaults/`	Pliki z domyślną konfiguracją uruchamiania systemu; patrz loader.conf(5).
`/dev/`	Pliki urządzeń; patrz intro(4).
`/etc/`	Pliki i skrypty konfiguracyjne.
`/etc/defaults/`	Pliki z domyślną konfiguracją systemu; patrz rc(8).
`/etc/mail/`	Pliki konfiguracyjne dla serwerów poczty, na przykład sendmail(8).
`/etc/namedb/`	Pliki konfiguracyjne programu `named`; patrz named(8).
`/etc/periodic/`	Skrypty uruchamiane raz dziennie, raz na tydzień i raz na miesiąc za pośrednictwem cron(8); patrz periodic(8).
`/etc/ppp/`	Pliki konfiguracyjne `ppp`; patrz ppp(8).
`/mnt/`	Pusty katalog, najczęściej wykorzystywany przez administratorów jako tymczasowy punkt montowania..
`/proc/`	System plików procesów, patrz procfs(5), mount_procfs(8).
`/rescue/`	Katalog zawierający programy przydatne w przypadku awarii; patrz rescue(8).
`/root/`	Katalog domowy użytkownika `root`.
`/sbin/`	Programy i narzędzia administracyjne wykorzystywane zarówno w trybie jednego użytkownika, jak i w trybie wielu użytkowników.
`/stand/`	Programy używane w samodzielnym środowisku.
`/tmp/`	Pliki tymczasowe. Zawartość katalogu `/tmp` NIE JEST zachowywana przy ponownym uruchamianiu systemu. Również pamięciowy system plików jest często montowany w katalogu `/tmp`. Proces ten może zostać zautomatyzowany wykorzystując zmienne rc.conf(5) związane z tmpmfs (bądź za pomocą wpisu w `/etc/fstab`; patrz mdmfs(8)).
`/usr/`	Większość programów i aplikacji wykorzystywanych przez użytkowników.
`/usr/bin/`	Najczęściej używane programy, narzędzia programistyczne, aplikacje.
`/usr/include/`	Pliki nagłówkowe C.
`/usr/lib/`	Biblioteki.
`/usr/libdata/`	Pliki danych różnych programów użytkowych.
`/usr/libexec/`	Demony i programy systemowe (uruchamiane przez inne programy).
`/usr/local/`	Lokalne programy, biblioteki, itp. Ponadto jest to domyślny katalog dla instalowanych portów. Ogólna struktura katalogów wewnątrz `/usr/local` powinna odpowiadać strukturze `/usr` opisanej w dokumentacji hier(7). Wyjątkiem jest katalog man, umieszczony bezpośrednio w `/usr/local`, a nie w `/usr/local/share`, oraz dokumentacja portów, znajdująca się w `share/doc/port`.
`/usr/obj/`	Pliki zależne od architektury komputera, tworzone w procesie budowania drzewa `/usr/src`.
`/usr/ports`	Kolekcja portów FreeBSD (opcjonalna).
`/usr/sbin/`	Demony i programy systemowe (dostępne dla użytkowników).
`/usr/share/`	Pliki niezależne od architektury systemu.
`/usr/src/`	Pliki źródłowe BSD, lokalne pliki źródłowe.
`/usr/X11R6/`	Pliki wykonywalne, biblioteki, i inne pliki dystrybucji X11R6 (opcjonalnie).
`/var/`	Rozmaite pliki dzienników systemowych, pliki tymczasowe, pliki kolejek. Również pamięciowy system plików jest często montowany w tym katalogu. Proces ten może zostać zautomatyzowany wykorzystując zmienne rc.conf(5) związane z varmfs (bądź za pomocą wpisu w `/etc/fstab`; patrz mdmfs(8)).
`/var/log/`	Pliki dzienników systemowych.
`/var/mail/`	Skrzynki pocztowe użytkowników.
`/var/spool/`	Katalogi kolejek systemu drukowania i poczty.
`/var/tmp/`	Pliki tymczasowe nie usuwane przy ponownym uruchamianiu systemu.
`/var/yp`	Mapy usługi NIS.

Patrycja	Konwencja
`a`	Zwykle zawiera główny system plików
`b`	Zwykle zawiera przestrzeń wymiany
`c`	Zwykle jest tego samego rozmiaru, co obejmujący ją segment. Dzięki temu programy działające na całym segmencie (na przykład wykrywające uszkodzone obszary dysku) mogą działać na partycji `c`. Zwykle nie tworzy się na tej partycji systemu plików.
`d`	Swego czasu partycja `d` miała specjalne znaczenie, obecnie już go nie ma. Do dziś jednak niektóre programy mogą dziwnie się zachowywać, jeśli każe im się pracować na partycji `d`, dlatego też sysinstall zwykle w ogóle jej nie tworzy.

Oznaczenie	Znaczenie
`ad`	Dysk ATAPI (IDE)
`da`	Dysk SCSI o dostępie bezpośrednim
`acd`	CDROM ATAPI (IDE)
`cd`	CDROM SCSI
`fd`	Stacja dyskietek

Nazwa	Znaczenie
`ad0s1a`	Pierwsza partycja (`a`) w pierwszym segmencie (`s1`) na pierwszym dysku IDE (`ad0`).
`da1s2e`	Piąta partycja `e` w drugim segmencie (`s2`) na drugim dysku SCSI (`da1`).

Zmienna	Opis
`USER`	Nazwa aktualnie zalogowanego użytkownika.
`PATH`	Lista katalogów zawierających pliki wykonywalne oddzielona przecinkami.
`DISPLAY`	Nazwa ekranu X11, jeśli takowy jest dostępny.
`SHELL`	Wykorzystywana powłoka.
`TERM`	Nazwa terminala użytkownika, wykorzystywana do określenia właściwości terminala.
`TERMCAP`	Zapis z bazy termcap zawierający sekwencje kodów odpowiadających różnym funkcjom terminala.
`OSTYPE`	Typ systemu operacyjnego, np. FreeBSD.
`MACHTYPE`	Architektura sprzętowa, na jakiej działa system.
`EDITOR`	Preferowany przez użytkownika edytor tekstu.
`PAGER`	Preferowany przez użytkownika program wyświetlający pliki tekstowe.
`MANPATH`	Lista katalogów zawierających dokumentację systemową oddzielona przecinkami.

Symbol	Znaczenie
=	Wersja odnaleziona w portach jest identyczna./entry>
<	Wersja jest starsza, niż ta odnaleziona w portach.
>	Zainstalowana wersja jest nowsza, niż znaleziona w portach. (Prawdopodobnie lokalne drzewo portów nie zostało zaktualizowane.)
?	Zainstalowany pakiet nie może zostać odnaleziony w drzewie portów. (Może to mieć miejsce np. w sytuacji gdy zainstalowany port został usunięty z kolekcji portów, bądź zmienił nazwę.)
*	Istnieje wiele wersji tego programu.

File	Description
`Xaccess`	Client authorization ruleset.
`Xresources`	Default X resource values.
`Xservers`	List of remote and local displays to manage.
`Xsession`	Default session script for logins.
`Xsetup_`*	Script to launch applications before the login interface.
`xdm-config`	Global configuration for all displays running on this machine.
`xdm-errors`	Errors generated by the server program.
`xdm-pid`	The process ID of the currently running XDM.

Application Name	Resources Needed	Installation from Ports	Major Dependencies
Mozilla	heavy	heavy	Gtk+
Opera	light	light	FreeBSD and Linux versions available. The Linux version depends on the Linux Binary Compatibility and linux-openmotif.
Firefox	medium	heavy	Gtk+
Konqueror	medium	heavy	KDE Libraries

Application Name	Resources Needed	Installation from Ports	Major Dependencies
KOffice	light	heavy	KDE
AbiWord	light	light	Gtk+ or GNOME
The Gimp	light	heavy	Gtk+
OpenOffice.org	heavy	huge	JDK 1.4, Mozilla

Application Name	Resources Needed	Installation from Ports	Major Dependencies
Acrobat Reader	light	light	Linux Binary Compatibility
gv	light	light	Xaw3d
Xpdf	light	light	FreeType
GQview	light	light	Gtk+ or GNOME

Application Name	Resources Needed	Installation from Ports	Major Dependencies
GnuCash	light	heavy	GNOME
Gnumeric	light	heavy	GNOME
Abacus	light	light	Tcl/Tk

Application Name	Package Name	Ports Name
Mozilla	`mozilla`	`www/mozilla`
Opera	`opera`	`www/opera`
Firefox	`firefox`	`www/firefox`
KOffice	`koffice-kde3`	`editors/koffice-kde3`
AbiWord	`abiword`	`editors/abiword`
The GIMP	`gimp`	`graphics/gimp`
OpenOffice.org	`openoffice`	`editors/openoffice-1.1`
Acrobat Reader	`acroread`	`print/acroread7`
gv	`gv`	`print/gv`
Xpdf	`xpdf`	`graphics/xpdf`
GQview	`gqview`	`graphics/gqview`
GnuCash	`gnucash`	`finance/gnucash`
Gnumeric	`gnumeric`	`math/gnumeric`
Abacus	`abacus`	`deskutils/abacus`

Error	Solution
“`unsupported subdevice XX`”	One or more of the device nodes was not created correctly. Repeat the steps above.
“`sb_dspwr(XX) timed out`”	The I/O port is not set correctly.
“`bad irq XX`”	The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are the same.
“`xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory`”	There is not enough available memory to use the device.
“`xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!`”	Check with `fstat \| grep dsp` if another application is holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are esound and KDE's sound support.

File type	`/etc/printcap` capability	`lpr` option
cifplot	`cf`	`-c`
DVI	`df`	`-d`
plot	`gf`	`-g`
ditroff	`nf`	`-n`
FORTRAN text	`rf`	`-f`
troff	`tf`	`-f`
raster	`vf`	`-v`
plain text	`if`	none, `-p`, or `-l`

Printer received CR	Printer prints CR
Printer received LF	Printer prints CR + LF

Variable	Value
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/lib`
`CLASSPATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip`
`PATH`	`/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin /compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin`

Name	Number	Description
KERNEL	51009113	SAP Kernel Oracle / Installation / AIX, Linux, Solaris
RDBMS	51007558	Oracle / RDBMS 8.0.5.X / Linux
EXPORT1	51010208	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 1 of 6
EXPORT2	51010209	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 2 of 6
EXPORT3	51010210	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 3 of 6
EXPORT4	51010211	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 4 of 6
EXPORT5	51010212	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 5 of 6
EXPORT6	51010213	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 6 of 6

Name	Number	Description
KERNEL	51014004	SAP Kernel Oracle / SAP Kernel Version 4.6D / DEC, Linux
RDBMS	51012930	Oracle 8.1.7/ RDBMS / Linux
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Disc 1 of 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Disc 2 of 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Disc 3 of 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Disc 4 of 4
LANG1	51013954	Release 4.6C SR2 / Language / DE, EN, FR / Disc 1 of 3

Number	Title
0171356	SAP Software on Linux: Essential Comments
0201147	INST: 4.6C R/3 Inst. on UNIX - Oracle
0373203	Update / Migration Oracle 8.0.5 --> 8.0.6/8.1.6 LINUX
0072984	Release of Digital UNIX 4.0B for Oracle
0130581	R3SETUP step DIPGNTAB terminates
0144978	Your system has not been installed correctly
0162266	Questions and tips for R3SETUP on Windows NT / W2K

Number	Title
0015023	Initializing table TCPDB (RSXP0004) (EBCDIC)
0045619	R/3 with several languages or typefaces
0171356	SAP Software on Linux: Essential Comments
0195603	RedHat 6.1 Enterprise version: Known problems
0212876	The new archiving tool SAPCAR
0300900	Linux: Released DELL Hardware
0377187	RedHat 6.2: important remarks
0387074	INST: R/3 4.6C SR2 Installation on UNIX
0387077	INST: R/3 4.6C SR2 Inst. on UNIX - Oracle
0387078	SAP Software on UNIX: OS Dependencies 4.6C SR2

Component	4.6B	4.6C
Processor	2 x 800MHz Pentium III	2 x 800MHz Pentium III
Memory	1GB ECC	2GB ECC
Hard Disk Space	50-60GB (IDES)	50-60GB (IDES)

Projekt Dokumentacji FreeBSD

Przedmowa

Docelowy czytelnik

Zmiany od wydania drugiego

Zmiany od wydania pierwszego

Układ książki

Konwencje użyte w tej książce

Konwencje typograficzne

Zadania użytkownika

Przykłady

Podziękowania

I. Pierwsze kroki

Rozdział 1. Wprowadzenie

Rozdział 2. Instalacja FreeBSD

Rozdział 3. Podstawy Uniksa

Rozdział 4. Instalacja programów: pakiety i porty

File system	Size (1k-blocks)	Size (GB)	Mounted on
`/dev/da0s1a`	1.016.303	1	`/`
`/dev/da0s1b`		6	swap
`/dev/da0s1e`	2.032.623	2	`/var`
`/dev/da0s1f`	8.205.339	8	`/usr`
`/dev/da1s1e`	45.734.361	45	`/compat/linux/oracle`
`/dev/da1s1f`	2.032.623	2	`/compat/linux/sapmnt`
`/dev/da1s1g`	2.032.623	2	`/compat/linux/usr/sap`

mount point	size in GB
`/compat/linux/oracle`	45 GB
`/compat/linux/sapmnt`	2 GB
`/compat/linux/usr/sap`	2 GB

group ID	group name	description
100	dba	Data Base Administrator
101	sapsys	SAP System
102	oper	Data Base Operator

user ID	user name	generic name	group	additional groups	description
1000	idsadm/prdadm	`sid`adm	sapsys	oper	SAP Administrator
1002	oraids/oraprd	ora`sid`	dba	oper	Oracle Administrator

Question	Default	Input
Enter SAP System ID	[C11]	IDSEnter
Enter SAP Instance Number	[00]	Enter
Enter SAPMOUNT Directory	[/sapmnt]	Enter
Enter name of SAP central host	[troubadix.domain.de]	Enter
Enter name of SAP db host	[troubadix]	Enter
Select character set	[1] (WE8DEC)	Enter
Enter Oracle server version (1) Oracle 8.0.5, (2) Oracle 8.0.6, (3) Oracle 8.1.5, (4) Oracle 8.1.6		1Enter
Extract Oracle Client archive	[1] (Yes, extract)	Enter
Enter path to KERNEL CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/KERNEL
Enter path to RDBMS CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/RDBMS
Enter path to EXPORT1 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT1
Directory to copy EXPORT1 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD4_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT2 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT2
Directory to copy EXPORT2 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD5_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT3 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT3
Directory to copy EXPORT3 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD6_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT4 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT4
Directory to copy EXPORT4 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD7_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT5 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT5
Directory to copy EXPORT5 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD8_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT6 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT6
Directory to copy EXPORT6 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD9_DIR]	Enter
Enter amount of RAM for SAP + DB		850Enter (in Megabytes)
Service Entry Message Server	[3600]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of sapsys	[101]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of oper	[102]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of dba	[100]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `sid`adm	[1000]	Enter
Enter User-ID of ora`sid`	[1002]	Enter
Number of parallel procs	[2]	Enter

Question	Default	Input
Enter SAP System ID	[C11]	PRDEnter
Enter SAP Instance Number	[00]	Enter
Enter SAPMOUNT Directory	[/sapmnt]	Enter
Enter name of SAP central host	[majestix]	Enter
Enter Database System ID	[PRD]	PRDEnter
Enter name of SAP db host	[majestix]	Enter
Select character set	[1] (WE8DEC)	Enter
Enter Oracle server version (2) Oracle 8.1.7		2Enter
Extract Oracle Client archive	[1] (Yes, extract)	Enter
Enter path to KERNEL CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/PRD/sapreorg/KERNEL
Enter amount of RAM for SAP + DB	2044	1800Enter (in Megabytes)
Service Entry Message Server	[3600]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of sapsys	[100]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of oper	[101]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of dba	[102]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `oraprd`	[1002]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `prdadm`	[1000]	Enter
LDAP support		3Enter (no support)
Installation step completed	[1] (continue)	Enter
Choose installation service	[1] (DB inst,file)	Enter

Question	Input
Enter Password for sapr3	sapEnter
Confirum Password for sapr3	sapEnter
Enter Password for sys	change_on_installEnter
Confirm Password for sys	change_on_installEnter
Enter Password for system	managerEnter
Confirm Password for system	managerEnter

Task	Transaction
Configure Transport System, e.g. as Stand-Alone Transport Domain Entity	STMS
Create / Edit Profile for System	RZ10
Maintain Operation Modes and Instances	RZ04

Name	Value
ztta/roll_extension	250000000
abap/heap_area_dia	300000000
abap/heap_area_nondia	400000000
em/initial_size_MB	256
em/blocksize_kB	1024
ipc/shm_psize_40	70000000