From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 07:00:29 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E14C625AC96; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 07:00:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from babupalit@gmail.com) Received: from mail-ot1-x343.google.com (mail-ot1-x343.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::343]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QGL459n4z4ZtR; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 07:00:28 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from babupalit@gmail.com) Received: by mail-ot1-x343.google.com with SMTP id i6so5912484otr.7; Sat, 22 Feb 2020 23:00:28 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=u6RbcMvweXR7Vyl+3iO9jvT7UjWnMwtPQHuJ6MoW3+4=; b=KOHItPFdV/MIyBwi1ILDotGRgKcMxrkhj3aSngeIuH1N6nT/ROaGXmbD9LbzwocTWs Xz63YS/FwBklYGqgOq8Ny/G2NdpFaruKUDW7FTxW5KN2hWHGIkJHx0sBNwe2eSAKeW0r 42MKM6kSm744l+qAGBT8wVHzuHGaqwufSh77daQ6kMJNd7PMY59pae7joUsMqb4P2aHn nDzSyJW4EQ4tCuSSwCoNddAtz0yFJyukOG8zlQtbegyHLOYjoDz2b/Q4K45LJKwqhumF zhYjnOLsKUMGGsNsbBcI43/HlFLNT8iop7boqHvSd754Ukjp5nkmq18A2Vv58qqNctWd 3RNA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=u6RbcMvweXR7Vyl+3iO9jvT7UjWnMwtPQHuJ6MoW3+4=; b=YLxh65JHPPMEMfjQyt7VYlF2dYetH/kF7kPvVyzVGq4ugUmOMITxaUGx86nkpXZAnf qt8pT0FjH6hX308I2IF8WPa7KAk1aVln0oJmsd4g+K3kQ5V7OklqaoU78HpwXbdxs2C3 fDd4nUAb7DIDFzD4Qg87uGqfsBHYfnNKZSMTrn64g4jLZqrEELGvK4kEviYYVA2uaKRK Nt+R9wy+KXpympyYgfAnncjyrF8Jxe2L9nywY9fnAKAeP1P6NYIcRKIOYWcJtYXoXS66 tNDrFBJztOp+euIcr8tzWLDpxx8mbV623eSNlZmurn/bNwhwYpXD5kA7+L9b41r9Kki0 cZtQ== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAXoufapnxsd/ttmFVYBzggznuqPpYAeHxUqhUN079efJEs5GtXE cuOrGKAC2SbISqKry4qOvresqbbrhsln/lyZ6i2aghdw X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqzpLC7Wjk92xcY1BZDAp9f83aQ1u1vMwM8RA/mm1f4lb/mW4cRpUwk+jpQFVdUvUozKARPQXOfgTkhHlId8qkI= X-Received: by 2002:a9d:4e82:: with SMTP id v2mr21085413otk.352.1582441226808; Sat, 22 Feb 2020 23:00:26 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <890a299c074fc83a02911583531d686257924be8.camel@freebsd.org> In-Reply-To: <890a299c074fc83a02911583531d686257924be8.camel@freebsd.org> From: Arpan Palit Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:30:15 +0530 Message-ID: Subject: Re: msleep_spin is failed to waken up even after wakeup routine is invoked for the same. To: Ian Lepore Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QGL459n4z4ZtR X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=KOHItPFd; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of babupalit@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::343 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=babupalit@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (2.88), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[3.4.3.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 07:00:30 -0000 Thanks for replying Ian. The code is similar to the fix structure code as you have mentioned above. Its happening after running the test for 5 to 10 iterations, out of 2k posted command to the hardware only 1 or 2 of them are failing to wake up properly. mutex lock has been properly introduced in both wait_for_completion code & interrupt handler part and also the doneflag is getting set from the interrupt context properly. I am running 16 thread of 2k command simultaneously. I have verified that from the hardware side the command completion is proper, its failing in waking up the sleep in software side. So I am suspecting some issue with the scheduler which failed to wake up the sleep in this case. Below is the current code structure: /* Wait for Completion */ mtx_lock(cmd_comp_lock); completion = false; ret = execute_cmd(cmd); if (ret == 0) { while ( !completion && err == 0) err = msleep(cmd, cmd_comp_lock, PCATCH, "cmd_xfer", hz); } mtx_unlock(cmd_comp_lock); /* Interrupt handler */ mtx_lock_spin(cmd_lock); *//Disable inerrupt *// error checks completion = true; wakeup_one(cmd); mtx_unlock_spin(cmd_lock); *//Enable interrupt On Wed, Feb 19, 2020 at 8:12 PM Ian Lepore wrote: > On Wed, 2020-02-19 at 14:13 +0530, Arpan Palit wrote: > > Hi, > > > > I am facing one issue where wakeup rountine call is unable to waken up a > > msleep_spin routine call with a timeout value of 10 Seconds. > > > > The real scenario is as follows: post a hardware command and sleep using > > msleep_spin routine till interrupt comes, After getting the interrupt > waken > > up the sleeping process using wakeup_one/wakeup routine call. As there > are > > more than 2048 command and 16 parallel threads are running, > > observed randomly *one or two of the posted command* is *timing out* for > > which the *interrupt has came and also wakeup routine is invoked *after > > getting the interrupt for the same command. > > > > Note: > > *The issue is not seen when number of commands are less than 2048 with > > timeout of 10 seconds. > > *The issue can be seen with less number of commands also when timeout > value > > 1 second. > > > > Can anyone please provide me an optimized way to schedule the process or > a > > better way to do the scheduling. > > > > Thanks, > > Arpan Palit > > > > Is there any chance this is the classic "missed wakeup" scenario, where > the wakeup happens before the thread enters msleep_spin()? That can > happen with code structured like > > enqueue_request(req); > err = msleep_spin(req, etc); > /* Handle done req or timeout */ > > and a fix is to structure the code using the same idiom required for > pthread_cond_wait() in userland, something like: > > req->doneflag = false; > enqueue_request(req); > while (!req->doneflag && err == 0) > err = msleep_spin(req, etc); > /* Handle done req or timeout */ > > and of course on the interrupt handler side you need something like > > /* lock mutex, do hardware stuff */ > req->doneflag = true; > wakeup(req); > /* unlock mutex */ > > -- Ian > > > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 12:48:16 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1DC0423B130 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:48:16 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from monahbaki@gmail.com) Received: from mail-pj1-x102c.google.com (mail-pj1-x102c.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::102c]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QQ3M2HM9z3Gy7 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:48:15 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from monahbaki@gmail.com) Received: by mail-pj1-x102c.google.com with SMTP id d5so2825812pjz.5 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 04:48:15 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=xgDuTnsiaLvRtyTEMt/kY6vhfCN22zVUtUP4GINLDEM=; b=ubFFcv43tX/SgCEFdGxmXTF03WAEnTnCgcvCPaQSErN5Ab8PI4Uq0xZDQ7tMHj2SaK veCXQbzeE6IDU7+WRhqrhzkLx7+/sat+u7OrnBq9xwMu81Q3LmcDjrkBK5CCISMTG8ek USUHNSA9CE9jzvLbfO7eLA1goAjJxVNCqQtrkbiX8JhOF7f2TnSfV4D7ukpkX2QesO3+ /1snOdzbrrFj6SuNbJDLHLOBFZmZyWHl6yXRcC5KdfHBmID5q3twCCS0biUzAUgvRH6N xI2DuMYqK3wSVVbzbrmLNT/ssaGgLHxTVbatYtfmLRfhnV2jHbV3Zrjzk9HSZZHnXCOy UP/w== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=xgDuTnsiaLvRtyTEMt/kY6vhfCN22zVUtUP4GINLDEM=; b=YuuqOuwEMLBNhoDRbz7DkoPhJ2ai5MhcA75x9xsM1tYOZ7iF+evkKv2j9zV+aL9ztv nPMU8K8aqPzcX9lPKLLb9ZY77wSmMZRaoA4sLK6pyqr+7yAG2/ZnZUZY0bY4Uu7VaKch mwC7Msklse00EUTSPZL89kVXJ5beO/Eltt/XPwJayBDN9Df/5lJgcthHKqPJrajts2Es eghtfjoq1OAxwqk93WqitF4ze7uMacGAUWM2JDrC+nfazTLJfZxMdgCbDm1/PJaUQMHa q8bZOkFctLVD+LZzuwqz4UP6kgCOVQ2Bs1ZfKJMJriDuRFi8cQaWGFFwFPYyOszVb4c0 NOJQ== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAUra5gdssI8HAn78JCgZxujkAe/KG2V1QY1ubXMz/iqOBZwtPhd 67izLzAxcdDVPEsYo4IMNZlhOC5aKwjdWOVHSODWOxf2 X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqz5mlVjztvAV3W+WDgzM6drmnC7QNjqeNlsqyOIvz02cT9SvCFpzJPSVXb3I9D7Zx9yD4+CABUZY/sC/bs5TjI= X-Received: by 2002:a17:902:d692:: with SMTP id v18mr46551917ply.9.1582462087923; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 04:48:07 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Monah Baki Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 07:48:07 -0500 Message-ID: Subject: Ports upgrade To: FreeBSD Questions X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QQ3M2HM9z3Gy7 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=ubFFcv43; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of monahbaki@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::102c as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=monahbaki@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-8.17), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:48:16 -0000 Hi all, I'm running Freebsd 12.1, how can I determine what ports require an update. Compare the version that's currently running against what version is in /usr/ports Thanks Monah From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 12:56:59 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0FFB23B6F8 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:56:59 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from roberthuff@rcn.com) Received: from mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (unknown [127.0.1.3]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48QQFR0tCRz3xwH for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:56:59 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from roberthuff@rcn.com) Received: by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) id 0B23623B6F5; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:56:59 +0000 (UTC) Delivered-To: questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A0D623B6F4 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 12:56:59 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 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Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QQRX6QHJz4593 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:05:44 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl) Received: from poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (cloudzeeland.nl [10.10.10.36]) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87199EB for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:36 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582463136; bh=VLXPaYSVlZckfOKn+DY/ifCHPskcXk5ckZPX7AP5vlM=; h=To:From:Subject:Date; b=R+W9zwXA+JxZ4sjRfQgAGhOBZTJlKnWB0aOIHtfmefJeDDP/w1KCvQ4TwhjvoWqcf L8n7DsJvsWyZeLZMNiT/DoUuFyxCMYQf+l2vVIb8U7krrBhzdzIWDSct7uI8e4oPcp M4IcQ7Hit5ztE+k23EHDfYn0r6YeT/76Xh7VmFu0= Received: from [10.10.10.34] (pion1.rpicloud.nl [82.176.127.71]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 1E804EA for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:36 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582463136; bh=VLXPaYSVlZckfOKn+DY/ifCHPskcXk5ckZPX7AP5vlM=; h=To:From:Subject:Date; b=R+W9zwXA+JxZ4sjRfQgAGhOBZTJlKnWB0aOIHtfmefJeDDP/w1KCvQ4TwhjvoWqcf L8n7DsJvsWyZeLZMNiT/DoUuFyxCMYQf+l2vVIb8U7krrBhzdzIWDSct7uI8e4oPcp M4IcQ7Hit5ztE+k23EHDfYn0r6YeT/76Xh7VmFu0= To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org From: Jos Chrispijn Subject: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Organization: Userland rocks! Message-ID: Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:35 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Language: en-GB X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP on poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QQRX6QHJz4593 X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=R+W9zwXA; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=R+W9zwXA; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl designates 83.161.133.58 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cloudzeeland.nl:s=cloud]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl:+]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE(-2.30)[ip: (-9.83), ipnet: 83.160.0.0/14(-1.66), asn: 3265(-0.03), country: NL(0.03)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:3265, ipnet:83.160.0.0/14, country:NL]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:05:47 -0000 I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user account or in general)? Thanks! Best, Jos From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 13:11:38 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3CD4623BF08 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:11:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from mark@exonetric.com) Received: from relay.exonetric.net (relay0.exonetric.net [178.250.72.161]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48QQZH74PTz4Jyx for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:11:35 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from mark@exonetric.com) Received: from imac.localdomain (90.69.187.81.in-addr.arpa [81.187.69.90]) by relay.exonetric.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id C1D482B309; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:11:33 +0000 (GMT) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 13.0 \(3608.60.0.2.5\)) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin From: Mark Blackman In-Reply-To: Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:11:32 +0000 Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: References: To: Jos Chrispijn X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3608.60.0.2.5) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QQZH74PTz4Jyx X-Spamd-Bar: ++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mark@exonetric.com has no SPF policy when checking 178.250.72.161) smtp.mailfrom=mark@exonetric.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [2.81 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[exonetric.com]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.86)[0.862,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.30)[0.305,0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[161.72.250.178.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:12290, ipnet:178.250.72.0/21, country:GB]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.24)[ipnet: 178.250.72.0/21(1.13), asn: 12290(0.14), country: GB(-0.07)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:11:38 -0000 > On 23 Feb 2020, at 13:05, Jos Chrispijn = wrote: >=20 > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove = the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can = you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user = account or in general)? Thanks! What goal are you trying to achieve? The =E2=80=98rm=E2=80=99 command = will free up the space associated with the file as long as nothing else = is holding open the file. The raw data will remain on the disk until = something else needs the space. Are you looking for a secure erase where = no data is left behind? Generally that requires removing the entire = filesystem. There=E2=80=99s no utility which will zero out the blocks. = The general principle is like a whiteboard that you abandon, you no = longer expect to find the whiteboard taking up space, but what=E2=80=99s = written on the whiteboard is not erased, just the ability to find the = whiteboard through the filesystem.=20 - Mark From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 13:17:00 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B61623C1A3 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:17:00 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl) Received: from poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (cloudzeeland.xs4all.nl [83.161.133.58]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits)) (Client CN "cloudzeeland.nl", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QQhW0DJQz4V7F for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:16:58 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl) Received: from poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (cloudzeeland.nl [10.10.10.36]) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTP id 698CD100; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:16:57 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582463817; bh=v9AnRwwk820h4ifklMxXj5mOSQzrImqLyaTSCatJJpE=; h=Subject:To:References:From:Date:In-Reply-To; b=lNCDNyBHg1hY6qmSBRdZTNBTHIaDEW6Y3+Sl/WuAjeQ7x6cMRop9dcWfc9M25wUbD 4XdshNySOXqoP844Buaz5TKbWWBMSE7aDvjfxyh0ClDHCi2skb7VorLcEgQbbLEtn6 A07SgXTiOe9thDeZ+z/mwKc78mwpXi99SDmxsHck= Received: from [10.10.10.34] (pion1.rpicloud.nl [82.176.127.71]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id F007BFF; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:16:56 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582463817; bh=v9AnRwwk820h4ifklMxXj5mOSQzrImqLyaTSCatJJpE=; h=Subject:To:References:From:Date:In-Reply-To; b=lNCDNyBHg1hY6qmSBRdZTNBTHIaDEW6Y3+Sl/WuAjeQ7x6cMRop9dcWfc9M25wUbD 4XdshNySOXqoP844Buaz5TKbWWBMSE7aDvjfxyh0ClDHCi2skb7VorLcEgQbbLEtn6 A07SgXTiOe9thDeZ+z/mwKc78mwpXi99SDmxsHck= Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: Mark Blackman , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Jos Chrispijn Organization: Userland rocks! Message-ID: <3d81f318-b162-0b9d-ef97-0acce8f2de32@cloudzeeland.nl> Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:16:57 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Language: en-GB Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP on poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QQhW0DJQz4V7F X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=lNCDNyBH; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=lNCDNyBH; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl designates 83.161.133.58 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.82 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cloudzeeland.nl:s=cloud]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(-2.32)[ip: (-9.83), ipnet: 83.160.0.0/14(-1.76), asn: 3265(-0.03), country: NL(0.03)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:3265, ipnet:83.160.0.0/14, country:NL]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:17:00 -0000 On 23-2-20 14:11, Mark Blackman wrote: > What goal are you trying to achieve? Actually I might be stuck in 'Windows mode' here (grin). Just want to be sure that I free up available space as much as I can. The ‘rm’ command will free up the space associated with the file as long as nothing else is holding open the file. The raw data will remain on the disk until something else needs the space. I see; is that ZFS behavior or goes that for all BSD file systems? Are you looking for a secure erase where no data is left behind? Generally that requires removing the entire filesystem. There’s no utility which will zero out the blocks. The general principle is like a whiteboard that you abandon, you no longer expect to find the whiteboard taking up space, but what’s written on the whiteboard is not erased, just the ability to find the whiteboard through the filesystem. Thanks for explaining. Best, Jos From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 13:23:17 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id ADBC323C4D0 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:23:17 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from mark@exonetric.com) Received: from relay.exonetric.net (relay0.exonetric.net [178.250.72.161]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48QQql2N0Yz3DvF for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:23:15 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from mark@exonetric.com) Received: from imac.localdomain (90.69.187.81.in-addr.arpa [81.187.69.90]) by relay.exonetric.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 75C602B30C; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:23:14 +0000 (GMT) From: Mark Blackman Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 13.0 \(3608.60.0.2.5\)) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:23:13 +0000 In-Reply-To: <3d81f318-b162-0b9d-ef97-0acce8f2de32@cloudzeeland.nl> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org To: Jos Chrispijn References: <3d81f318-b162-0b9d-ef97-0acce8f2de32@cloudzeeland.nl> X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3608.60.0.2.5) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QQql2N0Yz3DvF X-Spamd-Bar: ++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mark@exonetric.com has no SPF policy when checking 178.250.72.161) smtp.mailfrom=mark@exonetric.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [2.68 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[161.72.250.178.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[exonetric.com]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.87)[0.873,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.17)[0.172,0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:12290, ipnet:178.250.72.0/21, country:GB]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.24)[ipnet: 178.250.72.0/21(1.13), asn: 12290(0.14), country: GB(-0.07)]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:23:17 -0000 > On 23 Feb 2020, at 13:16, Jos Chrispijn = wrote: >=20 > I see; is that ZFS behavior or goes that for all BSD file systems? All POSIX conformant file systems, including ZFS. If you look at the man = page, this behaviour is in the summary NAME rm, unlink - remove directory entries The *directory entry* referencing that chain of blocks is removed. The = chain of blocks remains and can be overwritten at any time after the = directory entry is removed. - Mark= From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 13:30:28 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3211423C757 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:30:28 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from luzar722@gmail.com) Received: from mail-io1-xd35.google.com (mail-io1-xd35.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::d35]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QR026JMWz40M9 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:30:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from luzar722@gmail.com) Received: by mail-io1-xd35.google.com with SMTP id 13so6951106iou.1 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 05:30:26 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=message-id:date:from:user-agent:mime-version:to:cc:subject :references:in-reply-to:content-transfer-encoding; bh=TpR5qTMvtTiWr3/f++2jfmOvxGGNM0lwnouDd1ByenQ=; b=GWUfgxaRssCRiNOpoI3vEyNfws0nV0GUVJFaGZ5zzezsPb7LDKQXht4WuZmOM27Po6 PQFR68leoQtj05in5iwrX9Ygpn5CFapROvAyc1hGVQlSCiZ0VrMZtP9PIVw8Qmd2pkna MwSGMyYFLBWwgaLFhh5gz5xK58OV82C6qU+eKYbGnz4cUROluvnjtDzQpsg5G92TzP2S m9m4PGNT8aTV5/fhSOvewc7Uytg4NYaUm6ooPwZ56pOE8CSGl/L75zwbjG7zeSplgjsR yz3pKzb6aaCY5GpswQ2mMVdxCRzZJdcemJ8Jm8XsOfmkidwSesvc4YyMss+Z22hkpxjO 11EQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:message-id:date:from:user-agent:mime-version:to :cc:subject:references:in-reply-to:content-transfer-encoding; bh=TpR5qTMvtTiWr3/f++2jfmOvxGGNM0lwnouDd1ByenQ=; b=KxC6Bh462k2WUBu1xalIntdNsYOgoJA1qV/F6/sYrEZRSXlg/stQkXUyfiqlp2rdTN lB9G+Bdb6ooSZOHZ607wdhUB+huK2BJmMinfgFYubvMwOIn1AfQsvtAK2AWewLTAsYeZ mFhPFNwJKUo1z1/orbq8ZYVypBLMC/+i3JrE2aSMiG9bLgMbiOZsltrYJt7UHHoroxW1 zgvc09gUPUMItkuYxW84AxGptvdc+UgI9Sazf9K2mP/F8PAvPQVz6u6ECHeQKiigqSVi 1dbDVGk8xsgnSuoemk/tF5ZwiXUKEbIsLrjJ1zLEE7j4mwtyJK9rTHsXbUNCJMUQGIJf fWRA== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAU48qREggz0Cm8FQsDV99nw24GcKmkfEuaON9qgcviRkWuSNLk0 Z/QThcANSg6Z+xSOI+6aiXhOusG+ X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqwwea2WuV3JD8qcGToTI51s9OmiPDqCW3qfzWp5mxnvmcCwHtSBCgvvi+3c8mnVcSaIyJVcTQ== X-Received: by 2002:a5e:9246:: with SMTP id z6mr47303882iop.232.1582464625524; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 05:30:25 -0800 (PST) Received: from [10.0.10.8] (cpe-65-25-53-210.neo.res.rr.com. [65.25.53.210]) by smtp.googlemail.com with ESMTPSA id h71sm3140203ila.30.2020.02.23.05.30.24 (version=TLS1 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA bits=128/128); Sun, 23 Feb 2020 05:30:24 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <5E527E71.2080904@gmail.com> Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 08:30:25 -0500 From: Ernie Luzar User-Agent: Thunderbird 2.0.0.24 (Windows/20100228) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Jos Chrispijn CC: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QR026JMWz40M9 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=GWUfgxaR; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of luzar722@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::d35 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=luzar722@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[210.53.25.65.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[5.3.d.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-6.50), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:30:28 -0000 Jos Chrispijn wrote: > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > account or in general)? Thanks! > > Best, Jos To write zeros to existing file before removing that file dd if=/dev/zero of=/path/filename bs=1m ; rm /path/filename From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 13:40:10 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 32AF123CDB1 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:40:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from matthew@FreeBSD.org) Received: from smtp.freebsd.org (smtp.freebsd.org [96.47.72.83]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.freebsd.org", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QRCF6qT7z4MPN for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:40:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from matthew@FreeBSD.org) Received: from smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk 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dkim-atps=neutral Subject: Re: Ports upgrade To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Matthew Seaman Autocrypt: addr=matthew@FreeBSD.org; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQINBFJIL80BEADi7/VbnnErDU6pjEhI/SzEZ/HbDRkJ5g7HroAtqIRm6nj8ZwOAgZ/2ZnWn 5F+fXTuLsG0FLNtkd17FoVcuCi5e/GPliXI5cmamV7E1Yz4T8UsJ7RQolimyxVexccKd16Tc AA7B9bFlJSKkBUSD0buj7VjT07xWhRzu6Vgi5r0UjLALYJz977uZA0F1aOGOXREDEAOhdcNc kSNjynqAwDA6dCT1Elpi4key1fYjv4jyDF+GU/YXul2Y/rguA8FCkHd9vyym5eAsLQ5mG00V V9fkEHIpH5KorNVnl/ufHXnkZqmHAZVpFDcrshb7aZ/pL45PXyWgLj+e6etelgj3a2bZi0JF cVdXCnBZVP2oIyYblM11ugTbfCwodORU8a5KfPeztMdAtDr4e+32NTrPdPi5rLT+GUsYz+PL 3A3m3u8bdsFp40DlIrBtSByVjqERxcfhphrEB4J8BXHUG7OAtXkZMlW/PGKDwXJq0O6Z5Tcg YHAoEiSWbXiexHgXNJyP+sqnIlhLWhSJGeJ+C83wqI6oYlZUCW00NkPxcIHnQPV/z+5wQVci TMyaWC2YCIHz4Ljs+TnwWMz0E8PNFDfHVbQ0W4PRGV7gRAqxfL+yKufauIEGbEq8rNDbSwL3 bcUCxR4ZDlaUEUwT4J8naf7rjdgiEYHs2Ig3jeK1+ER4FPG1sQARAQABtCRNYXR0aGV3IFNl YW1hbiA8bWF0dGhld0BmcmVlYnNkLm9yZz6JAlQEEwEKAD4CGwMFCwkIBwMFFQoJCAsFFgMC 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Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha512; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="xSig4YezNIA0q1Wripww5NcTbkvqvxDm7" X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:40:10 -0000 This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --xSig4YezNIA0q1Wripww5NcTbkvqvxDm7 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="TmmoamReGRw6JXMalJnERtA8XYmlhhEu5" --TmmoamReGRw6JXMalJnERtA8XYmlhhEu5 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-GB Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 23/02/2020 12:48, Monah Baki wrote: > I'm running Freebsd 12.1, how can I determine what ports require an upd= ate. > Compare the version that's currently running against what version is in= > /usr/ports >=20 pkg version -vIL=3D assuming you have an up to date ports index. `make fetchindex` if you need an updated index. Cheers, Matthew --TmmoamReGRw6JXMalJnERtA8XYmlhhEu5-- --xSig4YezNIA0q1Wripww5NcTbkvqvxDm7 Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQKTBAEBCgB9FiEEGfFU7L8RLlBUTj8wAFE/EOCp5OcFAl5SgLRfFIAAAAAALgAo aXNzdWVyLWZwckBub3RhdGlvbnMub3BlbnBncC5maWZ0aGhvcnNlbWFuLm5ldDE5 RjE1NEVDQkYxMTJFNTA1NDRFM0YzMDAwNTEzRjEwRTBBOUU0RTcACgkQAFE/EOCp 5Od3khAAqoohTa4tLLL/FddHcGLa5rdWuSTZQbwYMxYgFX1F9h4lgTSKWQBW+rkm WKdcetyTzC42F7Rc4aHWkgHppJ0x0S4DVvOkvyvcjHQNcHePcm75LciYEcSRmEsi 8vTDLq+pMmiv7oVp5UUc3sOapzebPhE+lWvwHdqxRcoQhmdJ/EDINnaOXJ7G6wtt WeUrntdvebkRsHPJHmUp047VOZASkRkKFHnU6aRd9t1MbICGTXWCeYdVSTUg473O jwG11BfjMFKroqhVByVvaFLgjFOpaON8qIlumHM9OEaaDnOyZzXF9FGXl8pQ8hkX l3k2Yb7uWSV05Q9JjPrzqYD5YmxMnG4HDNdL4qaBHu0wH9mraT4p8ONjdXESisDJ GIwqt6fo9jKPgG5KEvzb+vBDvn7VTB1d53UDYloFMlf8lkxSiCT7V+2sA9XTD1w+ EfTqZPHXP/zGfh3TriaauDrynosiyFOWCyIALLQfmIXNvjGPDDY3aYs+XcqqYSvZ vJ1kNcMKZn/Zx8MemV4zjeFQGEUH2MCSejvmu+faMW7AeHpEsGfzXLv1QJB38f9I s7eqJTAVAJUtXzL6wpqNuPfELvVhJHu267GXbYMWDlx8hLifoR+Zbja0ToHu1Jf1 Xkn1gK44+5xSRdLLCpVyMZWBkGUY1+2Cs8n/j2to8rzGK2SZc+M= =UYY4 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --xSig4YezNIA0q1Wripww5NcTbkvqvxDm7-- From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 14:54:30 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79E6923E876 for ; 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Sun, 23 Feb 2020 09:54:27 -0500 (EST) Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:53:58 +0000 From: tech-lists To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: how to set usb key bootable Message-ID: <20200223145358.GB87156@bastion.zyxst.net> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="gj572EiMnwbLXET9" Content-Disposition: inline X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QSs10bmDz4sgB X-Spamd-Bar: -------- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=zyxst.net header.s=fm1 header.b=a6AXHWWC; dkim=pass header.d=messagingengine.com header.s=fm2 header.b=m8OsUeHe; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of tech-lists@zyxst.net designates 66.111.4.29 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=tech-lists@zyxst.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-8.19 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[zyxst.net:s=fm1,messagingengine.com:s=fm2]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:66.111.4.29]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.20)[multipart/signed,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[zyxst.net]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[zyxst.net:+,messagingengine.com:+]; SIGNED_PGP(-2.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[29.4.111.66.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:11403, ipnet:66.111.4.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(-3.49)[ip: (-9.84), ipnet: 66.111.4.0/24(-4.89), asn: 11403(-2.68), country: US(-0.05)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:54:30 -0000 --gj572EiMnwbLXET9 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hello, I'm trying to make a GPT-formatted usb stick bootable and despite looking in the handbook, I cannot find an example using this. The context is a wholly freebsd-12-stable system. No dual-boot. The reason I want the usb key is to experiment with various configs in a safe environment. The key is 32GB, on = it I've made an 8GB swap partition and have installed freebsd to the remaining space. It all installed OK but now when I go into the bios and select the key to boot, it gets looked at then proceeds to load the normal HD environment as = it would if the key was not plugged in at all.=20 I suspect something needs to be added in the config on the key to make it bootable. Can anyone tell me what that would be please? I know that with MBR one has a flag, somewhere. It's normally turned on as part of the install. I don't know where though. Is it the same with GPT ? =20 thanks, --=20 J. --gj572EiMnwbLXET9 Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCAAdFiEE8n3tWhxW11Ccvv9/s8o7QhFzNAUFAl5SkhcACgkQs8o7QhFz NAWSeA/+MzqPpSx5jCYajwxDy13DTaXH6+pHfK73s5BsCM+FyB11ppkfmfFA5uJb q84wOYiscQb63SseqUyEuc8EKg8s/YMKb/LVxfVegYP5LCHanvDozQS1j3GcTc2s n/Zx+NDagXW1r9C32gex9UICvkSRNRtFcU0g5PTcxYTvo3A80bIhvt0eC5LCIoLs NWs/ACgoweVgUwTbwYvMXBV3F/2Y/R5VkKMK5hmPOiB2ldLgmsvyiOv4VlRSeXGL uFtcL5k6iFc8PA15up36Crog8FNNFyNDLXZRL0lGKIWI3E6w1Jp/U8NUeqb+MLlU D3O8Z6K6dVbMGXOCTDuYTGDgMFMV19xQa/9z895fdud2DfLVAh0rrGvsiWSRUGk/ 0bCe4FkPOdNn9vC9XSTQLjdvhvLUH2iklqpXyVkVJybSKq51JIu3+/FWvoCSbeAo mM2RPWhk5N51kLdpTE32r/MLt/0TR4ZxlOWKc/lmYx1tUtv0UJpVbeHBcVRVxa2e kifUdYQ/oJ9j48SoO4sFJzSS9WCDo21LXEcg8/hx/W4OLRMYnqV9W6CF7Vj0lvkZ y1HUmmRMqbAQiaCLXnyctJGUGGum2sfzQNmC3sjTiRrPW+oihkHHyGwoZhFc1600 vvda4dZGf/HL1DfEpeGW9cyzvUNWyyYyh2ADlESpA8b3qQYfqsY= =rIKz -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --gj572EiMnwbLXET9-- From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 17:49:23 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD3E32437B7 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 17:49:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.17.10]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QXkp437mz4BCB for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 17:49:21 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([188.102.104.44]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue108 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1MplTn-1jmu2S0jXB-00q7nr; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:49:09 +0100 Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:49:08 +0100 From: Polytropon To: Jos Chrispijn Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: References: Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; 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dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.17.10) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.34 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[44.104.102.188.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.95)[0.947,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.90)[0.898,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[10.17.227.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[10.17.227.212.rep.mailspike.net : 127.0.0.17]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ip: (-0.59), ipnet: 212.227.0.0/16(-1.12), asn: 8560(2.19), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 17:49:23 -0000 On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:35 +0100, Jos Chrispijn wrote: > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > account or in general)? Thanks! The rm command _does_ remove the files entirely, i. e., the disk blocks allocated to a file will be marked "free", so any further write operation might claim them for a different file. The concept of a "recycle bin" is not present in FreeBSD's UFS filesystem. Deleted files are deleted, period. Recovery is possible as long as no further writes happen, but it's not a trivial task - yes, I've been able to experience that trouble first-hand). ;-) So if you use rm, and no process holds the file open, the disk space occupied by the file will be freed immediately; if some process still uses the file, its name will be removed (so you cannot address it by that name anymore), but the disk space will be freed when the process closes the file. So instead of going by the metaphor of the "recycle bin", just imagine a shredder, as in OS/2 GUI. :-) Note that tools like the Midnight Commander usually do the same as rm: If you PF8 (delete) a file, it's gone, and the same goes for whole directory subtrees. However, several desktop environments use a temporary directory to move "deleted" (quotes deserved!) files and directories there, and you need to find that directory and clean it manually, except there is a GUI element that says "empty recycle bin" (or the like), which you'll usually find in the context menu of the corresponding icon. _That_ step uses rm (or the underlying system call) to actually remove the files. See "man 1 rm" and "man 2 unlink" for details. If you want to know a little bit more about how this works on UFS, I suggest reading "A Fast File System for UNIX" by McKusick et al.: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~brewer/cs262/FFS.pdf It once helped me solving my data recovery problem... ;-) I think this is what you mean with "physically remove". If you also want to remove the _data_ (read: the former file content), you need to overwrite the file's content with a random pattern or with zeros first. This can be done with the dd tool. There is also a port called "secure rm" (srm) that achieves the same "by overwriting, renaming, and truncating it before unlinking". You can find its manpage with further suggestions here: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=srm However, this does not change things related to disk space becoming free. So when intending to simply remove files without any "recycle bin" nonsense, rm is the way to go. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 18:24:26 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C620C24424F for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QYWF6NMtz4Km4 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; c=relaxed/relaxed; q=dns/txt; t=1582482266; x=1585074266; h=content-transfer-encoding:content-type:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:message-id:subject:cc:to:from:date:x-thread-info; bh=gvKxF6EHrvYLjRUw497cGjs3nq2wfBiU32Y4Prdhock=; b=sCjWiOJc2qvEsf0tWPfyqoRrIb3cB6958Kf0sE44sueO3mMDALkykmdfavrD9fKW5JWRTQnHdGOnYNsKpDrbiSR87oquxPJXbTS3rgQB/0qjnVpUHr2DVcjW3b7Z0LXqwsAAovBNHna4trv2FwWl9cyrB9A/C5Yaiwd5K5g8KF8= X-Thread-Info: NDI1MC4xMi43NDAwMDAwMTIwZTNlOS5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com (r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.189.1]) by mxsg2.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:24:14 -0500 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r1.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Sun, 23 Feb 2020 13:24:13 -0500 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.92.3 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1j5vvH-000DEt-Q2; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:11 +0000 Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:11 +0000 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Cc: Polytropon Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QYWF6NMtz4Km4 X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=sCjWiOJc; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.89 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.98)[-0.984,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; FORGED_SENDER_VERP_SRS(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[198.176.0.142.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.15.0]; ENVFROM_VERP(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ip: (-0.25), ipnet: 142.0.176.0/22(0.52), asn: 7381(0.26), country: US(-0.05)]; FORGED_SENDER(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:26 -0000 On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:49:08 +0100 Polytropon wrote: > So if you use rm, and no process holds the file open, the disk > space occupied by the file will be freed immediately; if some > process still uses the file, its name will be removed (so you > cannot address it by that name anymore), but the disk space > will be freed when the process closes the file. Somebody needs to mention hard links here - so I'll chime in with the complicated version. The directory entry for a file is just a name pointing to the actual file defined by an inode (the data structure that holds everything there is about the file except the name). There can be many directory entries pointing to the same file (known as hard links) each one counts as a reference to the file as does every file handle held open by one or more processes. The inode and the data hanging off it becomes free and available for reuse as soon as there are no references (directory entries or open file handles) to it. Multiple entries for the same file are quite common for binaries, for example /bin/csh and /bin/tcsh are links to the same file, or for that matter nearly everything in /rescue is a link to the same file. When there are multiple links to a file none of them are special, they're all just links. The rm command, and the underlying unlink system call simply remove directory entries which reduces the reference count in the inode which is the actual file. When that count hits zero the file is freed - ie. the blocks in it and the inode are made available for use. How long it takes for freed space to get reused depends on a lot of things, not least being the amount of free space available but from the moment the last reference is gone it takes forensic effort to recover a file. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 19:13:20 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B10F245589 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:13:20 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kappei84@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x433.google.com (mail-wr1-x433.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::433]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QZbh11Qcz3NhY; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:13:19 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kappei84@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x433.google.com with SMTP id m16so7806365wrx.11; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 11:13:19 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=AR3QFO0IVfr8afKZjgApNDRl2IWHGLn0JEN1DCMuS6A=; b=WBI0jnreYz3WqxTyRlcBhkTici70cWpo47wK7pbcoCNDf5xlxUSgF0ArzlhCds3NuF LZXA67NxjMxVfXhpjN5O3goSrWcR27fQDrJ39/Q5znsCdVVARsMMj5fzVV3zhLFITmmj GGaxsFEQJExUYLoXKrb59uEo6XkFZEi2Ok3J+GHiy8lNUgmlJTbZaV+F+ttOEWKcNCpb buXPWQkzu0VcvXNECrmowkCoJrYV17Nah55WMCXVITjB95wLtrLI7/GCywbkAf+hf7iJ EIM/1Wi8oW9okfoY3Aw7Xpa5h4+Vt4nGZXLiVwALthRxJHtRzFVFxBrmGLE2Kg7XvJZ+ UMKQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=AR3QFO0IVfr8afKZjgApNDRl2IWHGLn0JEN1DCMuS6A=; b=pWNSbI3nzHQxCe5+LcdRbZBptL0jrb3wnzA6H31Ln8ajCSQTjvUcqnTutsLVmH+pKz QsOxyzTZO7rYAYTX+QM8v1BAlNlRwHlapNeu/or5zQHOVDMe1wOwGrJmFz7ONoM707qg 9K9Im7koCNhGR6mwSSM8ke36W7kVb+oRYdDkW3+UzsfwTwzimHqRtgxWJgGnjW9L3WgN pojurqdLtpe9qdWzxLOMweyUvXEv1flebuhv9k3hT2NXRkFvfEBSsFeQsd0WtDqEP3jD BoHvbo+rI+mWoyosN35bP5vqVQ1PERliBjuinlVJKdcuZMDED8qQ6gMTpTsB2KBjCvW4 rYEQ== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWDBBMTMRARwDMIrlD0ojgJdCnVL2EKd7nYKZSYWdPqOO/GRdiF ou4QkiPeQVoMHKSEcheLVHGLJsimyGIyc01lbUHS X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqyqy77qRXwo/a6PJ6xK+IsHh8em3Dh/zf9qSo6CrrFFmauBH/p0wA2KY3vr2tl10EDO1Vgt+eL9fVT5Kj+z0Ec= X-Received: by 2002:adf:ec83:: with SMTP id z3mr59564002wrn.133.1582485197833; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 11:13:17 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <8cd8f36c-1a43-ccc6-0e39-372262f08a80@FreeBSD.org> In-Reply-To: <8cd8f36c-1a43-ccc6-0e39-372262f08a80@FreeBSD.org> From: HiMyNameIsIlNano Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:13:06 +0100 Message-ID: Subject: Re: Ports upgrade To: Matthew Seaman Cc: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QZbh11Qcz3NhY X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-6.00 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; REPLY(-4.00)[] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:13:20 -0000 Hi, I don't know if you are already aware of the handbook, but most of the very basic tasks on ports are defined and expleined here https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html. There you will also find the answer provided by Matthew and other more fancy "things" you can do with ports. I hope it helps. Cheers. Il dom 23 feb 2020, 14:40 Matthew Seaman ha scritto: > On 23/02/2020 12:48, Monah Baki wrote: > > I'm running Freebsd 12.1, how can I determine what ports require an > update. > > Compare the version that's currently running against what version is in > > /usr/ports > > > > pkg version -vIL= > > assuming you have an up to date ports index. `make fetchindex` if you > need an updated index. > > Cheers, > > Matthew > > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 19:17:07 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D3A1245720 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:17:07 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kappei84@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x42a.google.com (mail-wr1-x42a.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::42a]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QZh21vkhz40rw for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:17:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kappei84@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x42a.google.com with SMTP id g3so7807182wrs.12 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 11:17:06 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=iG3o0GugpqXBz8J856qnB4mO3bp54+qJcQVsDD20YNE=; b=TEvQAWg12mhn51jqhVBIeVDfTlDkF+Z4HMaMXV49GC9/sgsw7MFHYSQeCn/KbRhe/d AJJ+D+1whMrWYpRRR3coqchw5FQ+9xDsJuWuRX+tccQ9fXI5CgKgoWF1hpGm+VhITt/m cw1KpBcjmXPMLdG+c1r+2SZqEW83XINpu6of4BJkKQvBg3AMO3LmmO+bi5Ee18q0L1St 3qurCIJkpgTzg2TiO9q1DNZ2nMTTDjI8XK8Skod2AdTR8sCQhg/JAYhFIlF501X34Wqy 2Nc4vHWg76Y1ug3o7WY7eYev2zlxMoQaaqOLbOYlmEMSXU/VKWkumf4dfJGKFwcEVisA PXBg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=iG3o0GugpqXBz8J856qnB4mO3bp54+qJcQVsDD20YNE=; b=gAlHQoN9P8z4rNgltaHMl7R3Fw648aIL6+SL4adtruqV2Z5fMIkx2gYdcLOKWIBtoy s0GI7wZmWF51n06si1BDdGHa9EWqxxc3pw8KGMgK5AHS/lwsPfm75xlKffuYHYnD6iFF 7zmX+5738bUsqYnRAu/6N4WTBVPyqN2F1jrLu2InSf0PSF6+SORAYSlQMc3ZanfgOklt 9GYj5TX6bGmR6zc4lgEAilRu+2R6OCehg7Qjo1nuRzpT32zjCZf9BiSKCPyapJGhhXjA w1373xqyxYQrpPtIdbYrs2wDDQE2IuhM64aaROq39FJEeVrMR3TFQjoBQWSlTP7hECFG F5fg== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAV8JxYPFwoi+Uakk7H1BqzgoDEuZ0+yHEPMCNF2kR78QM/h7yQ1 uryTzs3j8wISBBHuQEFwJw6IUKQ/m8eKRpe83EGS X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqwoplNUPX/eT+kLAGRmmTj0Dox6ih5qqn0xofmBqz45/XvguQCDKsSA8eR5pt10uFQzPyuTSCykssfQh6itbu0= X-Received: by 2002:adf:ec83:: with SMTP id z3mr59575956wrn.133.1582485424526; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 11:17:04 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: HiMyNameIsIlNano Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:16:53 +0100 Message-ID: Subject: Re: Ports upgrade To: Monah Baki Cc: FreeBSD Questions X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QZh21vkhz40rw X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=TEvQAWg1; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kappei84@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::42a as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=kappei84@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36:c]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[a.2.4.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.5.4.1.0.0.a.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-9.24), ipnet: 2a00:1450::/32(-2.41), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; FREEMAIL_TO(0.00)[gmail.com]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:17:07 -0000 Hi, I don't know if you are already aware of the handbook, but most of the very basic tasks on ports are defined and expleined here https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html. There you will also find the answer provided by Matthew and other more fancy "things" you can do with ports. I hope it helps. Cheers. P.S: sorry Matthew I addressed you instead of the right recipient. Il dom 23 feb 2020, 13:48 Monah Baki ha scritto: > Hi all, > > I'm running Freebsd 12.1, how can I determine what ports require an update. > Compare the version that's currently running against what version is in > /usr/ports > > > Thanks > Monah > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to " > freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 20:16:42 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 988FD247472 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:16:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 20.100@defert.com) Received: from 5.mo173.mail-out.ovh.net (5.mo173.mail-out.ovh.net [46.105.40.148]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Qc0m58cTz4q7C for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:16:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 20.100@defert.com) Received: from player756.ha.ovh.net (unknown [10.110.171.215]) by mo173.mail-out.ovh.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20E7812ECAB for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 21:16:38 +0100 (CET) Received: from defert.com (ip-83-99-83-68.dyn.luxdsl.pt.lu [83.99.83.68]) (Authenticated sender: 20.100@defert.com) by player756.ha.ovh.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id BDF0DED6AA4E for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:16:37 +0000 (UTC) Subject: Re: how to set usb key bootable To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Vincent DEFERT <20.100@defert.com> Message-ID: Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 21:16:36 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Language: fr X-Ovh-Tracer-Id: 15971171655923992580 X-VR-SPAMSTATE: OK X-VR-SPAMSCORE: 0 X-VR-SPAMCAUSE: gggruggvucftvghtrhhoucdtuddrgedugedrkeekgddufeehucetufdoteggodetrfdotffvucfrrhhofhhilhgvmecuqfggjfdpvefjgfevmfevgfenuceurghilhhouhhtmecuhedttdenucenucfjughrpefuvfhfhffkffgfgggjtgfgsehtjeertddtfeejnecuhfhrohhmpeggihhntggvnhhtucffgffhgfftvfcuoedvtddruddttdesuggvfhgvrhhtrdgtohhmqeenucfkpheptddrtddrtddrtddpkeefrdelledrkeefrdeikeenucevlhhushhtvghrufhiiigvpedtnecurfgrrhgrmhepmhhouggvpehsmhhtphdqohhuthdphhgvlhhopehplhgrhigvrhejheeirdhhrgdrohhvhhdrnhgvthdpihhnvghtpedtrddtrddtrddtpdhmrghilhhfrhhomhepvddtrddutddtseguvghfvghrthdrtghomhdprhgtphhtthhopehfrhgvvggsshguqdhquhgvshhtihhonhhssehfrhgvvggsshgurdhorhhg X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qc0m58cTz4q7C X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=defert.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 20.100@defert.com designates 46.105.40.148 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=20.100@defert.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.83 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.87)[-0.865,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ptr:mail-out.ovh.net]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.99)[-0.995,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[defert.com,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[148.40.105.46.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(0.83)[ipnet: 46.105.0.0/16(2.08), asn: 16276(2.06), country: FR(0.00)]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[68.83.99.83.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16276, ipnet:46.105.0.0/16, country:FR]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:16:42 -0000 Hi, You need to add the following line to /boot/loader.conf: vfs.mountroot.timeout="10" (and check the device name in /etc/fstab) Cheers, Vincent On 23/02/2020 14:53, tech-lists@zyxst.net wrote: > Hello, > > I'm trying to make a GPT-formatted usb stick bootable and despite looking in > the handbook, I cannot find an example using this. The context is a wholly > freebsd-12-stable system. No dual-boot. The reason I want the usb key is to > experiment with various configs in a safe environment. The key is 32GB, on it > I've made an 8GB swap partition and have installed freebsd to the remaining > space. > > It all installed OK but now when I go into the bios and select the key to > boot, it gets looked at then proceeds to load the normal HD environment as it > would if the key was not plugged in at all. > > I suspect something needs to be added in the config on the key to make it > bootable. Can anyone tell me what that would be please? I know that with MBR > one has a flag, somewhere. It's normally turned on as part of the install. I > don't know where though. Is it the same with GPT ? > > thanks, From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 22:22:25 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 50BC124A9C9 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:22:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bob@proulx.com) Received: from havoc.proulx.com (havoc.proulx.com [96.88.95.61]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Qfnq6wDDz3Gl7 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:22:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bob@proulx.com) Received: from joseki.proulx.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by havoc.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA06D441 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 15:22:21 -0700 (MST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=proulx.com; s=dkim2048; t=1582496541; bh=7s3tS5p1lCZ3XS5jR3yDhftBUyJzLW3GxPFfE2s4NNQ=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:References:In-Reply-To:From; b=bLfMAxvEP8e/leFtWFDgYCUQQCFhVKXP0NxwWjXnc0c/HPXrAxnfman9hM7js+Uwz qSe8kJVB6t+AZGwezPVIftCWT3xzLDTWPp9ts0p568q/nQR5MxmyAfWwaTu80HUd0o Agi7uJB1eJwQq5ipHGjcXXvqpFV4C2+PTZIw4xUDZroUNexbEErIpKASI1AV1CaKXb ySntAJelz7IwxRFxU54+3iHp1h4GSn/Ae9isgS4fr7Re5EMHN9Yx9sAdketF1nnbwy xKsL6iB9kU8+mhjcasdGTZAowWDyeSzRz2fUo20amHkA/v3rFIUsKHtbPbppYJ6cZ5 gPRk9Mbvfty9A== Received: from hysteria.proulx.com (hysteria.proulx.com [192.168.230.119]) by joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BBAE21144 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 15:22:21 -0700 (MST) Received: by hysteria.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 6329B2DC87; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 15:22:21 -0700 (MST) Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 15:22:21 -0700 From: Bob Proulx To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-ID: <20200223151207928780007@bob.proulx.com> References: <5E527E71.2080904@gmail.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <5E527E71.2080904@gmail.com> X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qfnq6wDDz3Gl7 X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=proulx.com header.s=dkim2048 header.b=bLfMAxvE; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of bob@proulx.com designates 96.88.95.61 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=bob@proulx.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.03 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[proulx.com:s=dkim2048]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[proulx.com]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[proulx.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[61.95.88.96.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7922, ipnet:96.64.0.0/11, country:US]; IP_SCORE(-0.53)[ipnet: 96.64.0.0/11(-1.96), asn: 7922(-0.66), country: US(-0.05)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:22:25 -0000 Ernie Luzar wrote: > Jos Chrispijn wrote: > > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > > account or in general)? Thanks! > > To write zeros to existing file before removing that file > > dd if=/dev/zero of=/path/filename bs=1m ; rm /path/filename The above dd command has no count/size limitation. It will run copying zeros into filename until the write fails, typically at a full disk. It will fill the disk and then exit. Then the rm will happen freeing up the data. The result is a disk usage spike up and then down. I expect that was not what was intended. I expect the intention was that it would overwrite the file. But that is not what happens with the above and therefore I would not recommend the above. At the least conv=notrunc would be needed or dd truncates the file before writing. Bob From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 22:33:26 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A302F24AF21 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:33:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kurt.buff@gmail.com) Received: from mail-oi1-x22f.google.com (mail-oi1-x22f.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::22f]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Qg2X4gjdz4BP3 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:33:24 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kurt.buff@gmail.com) Received: by mail-oi1-x22f.google.com with SMTP id i1so7227011oie.8 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:33:24 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=efHXv4XHlpG5oRDNKmIXV6f3NpssLnzsA2n4FEZ4fZE=; b=esJgfH4CrAjidzxhKmvLKX8jlCzpTiZg330kmmrE7vGnVITefghfb0RFjztt55pkQD gC+Fgixj8kIVF1JbC4Rv/eUaiLemC6MZTp990zaxHQdwKsPrqjF9NdRKqYiegpynEU0n NeIFmfDq7X+ZUmZWwIsWKQt2T85RwuXsx8i7zjP1ztDw/KuyPouTwasRgSSRfl31EBrM eA+Ex631b50FHzyi8rC21yKboLugsmzu8OG+/d1/ZrogieCzOcc48lGwCSPdpZ5ZGxOB vL6jQdZr6McDFaJ0BIpPT4FufH7Vb3lHav3Qy59xJ3Pgmwij518/VOIo6dRfNglkW4MN 4o1w== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=efHXv4XHlpG5oRDNKmIXV6f3NpssLnzsA2n4FEZ4fZE=; b=NNSqj9+WAv5L+GfdQfIaFY5/8h/0r3N5aK6atS5u7QZnxp9WrHZA0qvCubsSMLDepA 2AHNDkqwVHCTz5pVejl1gyGnYwPZLe1PAs2NX4+hIZ7HHKzFECdzhHNqt8Qd/TqEgJ5C yKSCNioU1EmQJjxMwDf2ZENH1c0xTjdjR28ZYjSKtnh+vGFqX2FPx7cvlVp5QeynsgHi u9VCT9fd+Eam8WMHleO4rjQjs+JYbi80Hk5a7gXunYX0r9IV6xWc9v2p/Fkby5fFofKQ 5cSbI3+g07r+Zs4BHZQ2mUTOQ6Ov9pl63RHVcnOijgp0j9rzoJIGGx1OhrHgf9J6zFgl CkSQ== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAX8jd9oay43nQBlpXECXwwYL3g3oO2yda54dnU+kLDV58mwkpbX 8NpFNaT36FaF/YGjRqNr023PLxQidfXEeN37uvN/yA== X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqz6CfauNjSfrVChlMJRU0XZegNS7lpco9UK2qP1Wx8vRlASo7FRSLdMtkrL7wJFhrSp7WPkfV3G/HCtdstMOfM= X-Received: by 2002:aca:2803:: with SMTP id 3mr10202396oix.162.1582497203664; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:33:23 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: "Kurt Buff - GSEC, GCIH" Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 15:33:12 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: Jos Chrispijn Cc: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qg2X4gjdz4BP3 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=esJgfH4C; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kurtbuff@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::22f as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=kurtbuff@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-8.21), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[f.2.2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 22:33:26 -0000 bcwipe in ports seems to meet your needs. Kurt On Sun, Feb 23, 2020 at 6:06 AM Jos Chrispijn wrote: > > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > account or in general)? Thanks! > > Best, Jos > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 23:15:23 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9BC7524BCA8 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:15:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from johnl@iecc.com) Received: from gal.iecc.com (gal.iecc.com [IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126:0:43:6f73:7461]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "gal.iecc.com", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Qgyx4zHvz4fp6 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:15:21 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from johnl@iecc.com) Received: (qmail 42817 invoked from network); 23 Feb 2020 23:15:15 -0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple; d=iecc.com; h=date:message-id:from:to:subject:in-reply-to:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; s=a73d.5e530783.k2002; bh=OAFtvbOq4GxGkKMS+QWeGDXc/AB55cNgqhiQsihNLkc=; b=jaK9PsD149eTkXjFdThvD6+XY8GvMfTlNqn15hok/YLIyvE7E5ds3Of6MS2o6SG/NWWg4wKwzsj4nmhLAXVjaa7Y1Kgqh+OVyPRlKmj2jBWUFXdZsu9i7Vv6sMiN+T9SbOuxcPnnjn+JeFvAzsIL9wkSEOH7PUPiI2l8SnsqMKkx+L+TRSY5rMaRsiz4xx7LdAjKNRc4NMWGHm7VTQT5avLpWJKvPzW1jJb6Q6r/mft1JQ8RTWmfUS7CCfN5oIU1 Received: from ary.qy ([IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126::78:696d:6170]) by imap.iecc.com ([IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126::78:696d:6170]) with ESMTP via TCP6; 23 Feb 2020 23:15:14 -0000 Received: by ary.qy (Postfix, from userid 501) id 849AF14D7C1C; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:15:13 -0500 (EST) Date: 23 Feb 2020 18:15:13 -0500 Message-Id: <20200223231514.849AF14D7C1C@ary.qy> From: "John Levine" To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin In-Reply-To: <20200223151207928780007@bob.proulx.com> Organization: Taughannock Networks X-Headerized: yes Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qgyx4zHvz4fp6 X-Spamd-Bar: -------- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=iecc.com header.s=a73d.5e530783.k2002 header.b=jaK9PsD1; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=iecc.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of johnl@iecc.com designates 2001:470:1f07:1126:0:43:6f73:7461 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=johnl@iecc.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-8.14 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[iecc.com:s=a73d.5e530783.k2002]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_MED(-2.00)[iecc.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.4.2]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2001:470:1f07:1126::/64]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(-3.64)[ip: (-9.90), ipnet: 2001:470::/32(-4.65), asn: 6939(-3.58), country: US(-0.05)]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[iecc.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[iecc.com,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:2001:470::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:15:23 -0000 In article <20200223151207928780007@bob.proulx.com>, >Ernie Luzar wrote: >> To write zeros to existing file before removing that file >> >> dd if=/dev/zero of=/path/filename bs=1m ; rm /path/filename Ugh, no. If you want to erase the contents of a file before deleting it, use security/wipe from the ports collection. If you just want to delete a file and get its space back, rm is all you need. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Feb 23 23:22:04 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CAD724C149 for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:22:04 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl) Received: from poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (cloudzeeland.xs4all.nl [83.161.133.58]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "cloudzeeland.nl", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Qh6f2PB5z3NLM for ; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:22:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl) Received: from poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (cloudzeeland.nl [10.10.10.36]) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D7CC37F for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 00:21:58 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582500118; bh=3cfxZ+nsIjxYp+IVu1BSga14Y6ZCYO3B+iECCJg5aCw=; h=Subject:From:To:References:Date:In-Reply-To; b=h/nj8snRn8KdC7F6Soh92CNqlRD8vyfKOFI3DSusBvvdxbdUaZgoz/pRumda4eoNg xqLmjM3YsKQhGCZElVL1TQkOxO2pic37Ma/L6eFc2Du3WxmqJxXaguMYgQQxVoOL3Q xXXs/zec9qonSOFU1ZM6Ks5uatp40Iypl0Fl3/fw= Received: from [10.10.10.34] (pion1.rpicloud.nl [82.176.127.71]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id B81DF37E for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 00:21:57 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cloudzeeland.nl; s=cloud; t=1582500117; bh=3cfxZ+nsIjxYp+IVu1BSga14Y6ZCYO3B+iECCJg5aCw=; h=Subject:From:To:References:Date:In-Reply-To; b=lHdJdLTxK6bjIN1oFzKVZy1yNrBhjaaEXcMiIGbcQlDtwKTl2BE6Avvidds+OwXuT xjv4aWgf1dxvb6dWi1VLb+xQYDYGd8vmtq8YgV/aI4GTSeY7wFSwgwlL1NqZUSsjsD KsSDl2Wg3s1WxMTkc+CMUTPUeKuBxSUSJ7K0V+pk= Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin From: Jos Chrispijn To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: Organization: Userland rocks! Message-ID: <7d4ceb53-ff3b-c954-a45a-9fab27d79537@cloudzeeland.nl> Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 00:21:59 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Language: en-GB Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP on poseidon.cloudzeeland.nl X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qh6f2PB5z3NLM X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=h/nj8snR; dkim=pass header.d=cloudzeeland.nl header.s=cloud header.b=lHdJdLTx; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl designates 83.161.133.58 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=bsduser@cloudzeeland.nl X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.84 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cloudzeeland.nl:s=cloud]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cloudzeeland.nl:+]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE(-2.34)[ip: (-9.83), ipnet: 83.160.0.0/14(-1.86), asn: 3265(-0.03), country: NL(0.03)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:3265, ipnet:83.160.0.0/14, country:NL]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 23:22:04 -0000 On 23-2-20 14:05, Jos Chrispijn wrote: > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > account or in general)? Thanks! Dear listmembers, thanks for all your very informative replies. Will check them out and raise my learning curve. Best, Jos From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 01:08:29 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1F8E24E2EC for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.17.24]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QkTR15X7z3LKV for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([188.102.104.44]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue106 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1Ml72g-1jrRsZ3wOC-00lSSY; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 02:08:24 +0100 Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 02:08:23 +0100 From: Polytropon To: "Steve O'Hara-Smith" Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, Polytropon Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200224020823.2462aad4.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:Obj8KdqtqVUC1DU6h1zil107Twj/axjxoOnEK+vbkif18djLHRi FTjTG+WD4yNwDG+UJeXWwwnOAcdenBT0+bu1XVf8T+4jJRONA86oGd6c2HvaxoOk0sygge9 PX0wyEfFYozqEc6UtCywsQv7GBIEGlAi5oSq4v81CesmA7DfyT+KNL3UX1SZnvdEVHl01ZB mVaPjJt9EED+TIAFpv1LA== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:f5VT8sxcI6E=:XDaX0mHVL9oUuZtRZI+1cz uFhstb/Ax3mV+AE7QPZDFGtjZirhJuR7jRQDlak7USqKmd5FkPe/5XJN3Tg8Z0mDeNCFbWTqP I4qCWAGTbAy/Jxo0z5MIEfHIBoZRkBdR6fYbFI1FDqAFTfPw1lwyYhLWfwHfybhCf9tIaYBZB UgvgcBTyfejOyWzsNCYNkVgeHr6FO7f0qJJbkv2btQ0n0Nz1yL96mBkWicy2FOI80l+zeUHXv mzqhB5hToBmXU7Y62O0OC7RcM0D5NiIYDQeAwesKX0O+wBw60eqqAaG9fJqcWvT1yCDiK6bwf AHGNzZ2tmuI+znrc448Et44oHPayLC3J6KucCqkzbRM5Nxu+QgCIZR8sAUPiSfqvtZfJs+Dxb oMGSx/C7mwvJ1qM0OQzw32sLXX5+bvhIEledeWHbnB+zgIVFighUeiyWT/5SsdOxZx7r6ZtMD LPX8y+Dhin+XahCMosOfPLNqNtPSHb+V/IXHark7O++8e5uX5qjOa6p8kYYt6a2h/P2fDiyeS CnQAun8NCX4QLzRZmCraP6zpwI6KoQ8AeeZrXc8l1k2TDWvqFl75CFar4g4jN7FQmRUQgKSz4 TowrQbITeQQubuFg87TwqM2BE+8UB6HDPLSdWsIpEFE1jhKPUQhja8vScJpc/71nNB5On+mpQ ygsXjdpXsGG92LJMztzehUK6v6OBY8TWrIzHdObdwxorvB8QAlRSaPnid8LBT0x78hdHHZI7v TaPMYIkmpttO91Zux6Vbz3iHthjTr7/5AifzYlYDz8S4RqokRgMqctlJItQIl4ZLL6ahc8ftN PdFcyyXv+rcrLd6qsPiScxerdc4o2tIa9Ryfa0eqFFi7bwRExE6qt3wM6/eMhCfKRNVqeHu X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QkTR15X7z3LKV X-Spamd-Bar: ++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.17.24) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.50 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[44.104.102.188.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.97)[0.967,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.97)[0.972,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[24.17.227.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.16)[ip: (-0.23), ipnet: 212.227.0.0/16(-1.12), asn: 8560(2.19), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:29 -0000 On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:11 +0000, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > Multiple entries for the same file are quite common for binaries, > for example /bin/csh and /bin/tcsh are links to the same file, or for that > matter nearly everything in /rescue is a link to the same file. When there > are multiple links to a file none of them are special, they're all just > links. Technically, they serve a very specific purpose: When a program is invoked, it can query argv[0] for the name it was called with. In case of "csh" vs. "tcsh", this can affect the shell's behaviour. It's even more obvious for all the programs in /rescue, where for example "cp" and "ps" point to the same binary, but make that binary do totally different things when invoked. While a symbolic link (symlink) is, as their name suggests, just a symbolic name for a different file or directory, a hardlink is actually just an additional name for a file, and there is no precedence in hard links (like with symlinks, "_this_ is a reference, but _that_ is the original); they're all originals. That's why a hardlink can never cross the border of a filesystem, while a symlink can. On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:58:18 -0600, Valeri Galtsev wrote: > Thank you, Steve! Very educational. We (I at least) sometimes > forget fundamentals. That's why my little addition for educational completeness. ;-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 01:14:10 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 552F124E6F9 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:14:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48Qkbz6ZBSz42wl for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:14:07 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [192.168.43.231] (unknown [172.58.139.186]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 485634E679; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:58:20 -0600 (CST) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 13.0 \(3608.60.0.2.5\)) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin From: Valeri Galtsev In-Reply-To: <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:58:18 -0600 Cc: FreeBSD , Polytropon Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: <96D6C8AF-C83B-424B-A2A7-C1E651E2A114@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> To: Steve O'Hara-Smith X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3608.60.0.2.5) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qkbz6ZBSz42wl X-Spamd-Bar: +++++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [7.71 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[186.139.58.172.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_XBL(5.00)[186.139.58.172.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.4]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; IP_SCORE(0.12)[ip: (0.33), ipnet: 128.135.0.0/16(0.16), asn: 160(0.13), country: US(-0.05)]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[0.999,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[1.000,0]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[70.20.135.128.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; GREYLIST(0.00)[pass,body]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-Spam: Yes X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:14:10 -0000 > On Feb 23, 2020, at 12:24 PM, Steve O'Hara-Smith = wrote: >=20 > On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:49:08 +0100 > Polytropon wrote: >=20 >> So if you use rm, and no process holds the file open, the disk >> space occupied by the file will be freed immediately; if some >> process still uses the file, its name will be removed (so you >> cannot address it by that name anymore), but the disk space >> will be freed when the process closes the file. >=20 > Somebody needs to mention hard links here - so I'll chime in = with > the complicated version. >=20 > The directory entry for a file is just a name pointing to the > actual file defined by an inode (the data structure that holds = everything > there is about the file except the name). There can be many directory > entries pointing to the same file (known as hard links) each one = counts as > a reference to the file as does every file handle held open by one or = more > processes. The inode and the data hanging off it becomes free and = available > for reuse as soon as there are no references (directory entries or = open > file handles) to it. >=20 > Multiple entries for the same file are quite common for = binaries, > for example /bin/csh and /bin/tcsh are links to the same file, or for = that > matter nearly everything in /rescue is a link to the same file. When = there > are multiple links to a file none of them are special, they're all = just > links. >=20 > The rm command, and the underlying unlink system call simply = remove > directory entries which reduces the reference count in the inode which = is > the actual file. When that count hits zero the file is freed - ie. the > blocks in it and the inode are made available for use. >=20 > How long it takes for freed space to get reused depends on a lot = of > things, not least being the amount of free space available but from = the > moment the last reference is gone it takes forensic effort to recover = a > file. >=20 Thank you, Steve! Very educational. We (I at least) sometimes forget = fundamentals. Valeri > --=20 > Steve O'Hara-Smith > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to = "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 01:25:09 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20A2E24EBDE for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:25:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48Qkrg6qxxz4Qpf for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:25:07 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [IPv6:2607:fb90:a23c:e2b:6c2d:78df:5510:1acd] (unknown [172.58.139.27]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 340574E674; Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:25:07 -0600 (CST) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 13.0 \(3608.60.0.2.5\)) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin From: Valeri Galtsev In-Reply-To: <20200224020823.2462aad4.freebsd@edvax.de> Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2020 19:25:05 -0600 Cc: Steve O'Hara-Smith , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: <9FAFBB4E-04E8-4965-A8F9-3F32086F293E@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> <20200224020823.2462aad4.freebsd@edvax.de> To: Polytropon X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3608.60.0.2.5) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Qkrg6qxxz4Qpf X-Spamd-Bar: +++++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [7.71 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[27.139.58.172.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; IP_SCORE(0.12)[ip: (0.33), ipnet: 128.135.0.0/16(0.16), asn: 160(0.13), country: US(-0.05)]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_XBL(5.00)[27.139.58.172.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.4]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[0.999,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[1.000,0]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[70.20.135.128.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; GREYLIST(0.00)[pass,meta]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-Spam: Yes X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:25:09 -0000 > On Feb 23, 2020, at 7:08 PM, Polytropon wrote: >=20 > On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:11 +0000, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: >> Multiple entries for the same file are quite common for = binaries, >> for example /bin/csh and /bin/tcsh are links to the same file, or for = that >> matter nearly everything in /rescue is a link to the same file. When = there >> are multiple links to a file none of them are special, they're all = just >> links. >=20 > Technically, they serve a very specific purpose: When a program > is invoked, it can query argv[0] for the name it was called with. > In case of "csh" vs. "tcsh", this can affect the shell's behaviour. > It's even more obvious for all the programs in /rescue, where > for example "cp" and "ps" point to the same binary, but make that > binary do totally different things when invoked. >=20 > While a symbolic link (symlink) is, as their name suggests, > just a symbolic name for a different file or directory, a > hardlink is actually just an additional name for a file, > and there is no precedence in hard links (like with symlinks, > "_this_ is a reference, but _that_ is the original); they're > all originals. That's why a hardlink can never cross the > border of a filesystem, while a symlink can. >=20 >=20 >=20 > On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:58:18 -0600, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >> Thank you, Steve! Very educational. We (I at least) sometimes >> forget fundamentals. >=20 > That's why my little addition for educational completeness. ;-) >=20 Thank you, Polytropon! I can say pretty much about everything you post = on the list: very educational, and detailed! Valeri >=20 >=20 > --=20 > Polytropon > Magdeburg, Germany > Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 > Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to = "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 13:55:45 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id DBDD425D67F for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 13:55:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from olivares14031@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wm1-x332.google.com (mail-wm1-x332.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::332]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R3Vk5MXqz3xTP for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 13:55:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from olivares14031@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wm1-x332.google.com with SMTP id p17so9491391wma.1 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 05:55:42 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=MkQWSbZ9EjD1ej3RrpcDqCKYpr47O63zQ4hCkDTcMaQ=; b=ErrxwYsgfz6n9/7jrlygIUFGCAi/uEIErCU9NHApEv0gCqvY0uv8XG7gX8wXe4Icwd 7ovHbUcFob3smUNNquKQHtyrifDQ5p/1om+Ppo+SQs29xTTJJgEnIk9C3aX+69lCRLfm fZ793KUEA565VYOQn7JXqNHo4FfBeFakNuNxrhjOJA6nYeEAfKVBXRIVuENGcwHHZbzz K5Wkniiskl68nO6K7M/n3WVFnsEGnpgUVNvI5gjw+7L8Ceb8G14Rlss2KlIQVmlzKkVz TNKQMF5DB2oWnlQ0sOZw8uPs2hgb6Mpd4RRcbI4oRPk/g58bc83pRnygzwG11OE+MYGn k/gQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=MkQWSbZ9EjD1ej3RrpcDqCKYpr47O63zQ4hCkDTcMaQ=; b=oSRwANF0yIaJpDFJoNfUQFgC/D5c46s5GElTSbVpkC6ZGeCEKp/sCmwEJPo8EKacIs UCOlq5iZBJbJSBQg1KWKcPSZABJhbNzNYRmRR+S//0anEqHxP2Ekp5tp0KSa8d84UCfP VYOHINOAvfZf+HvVVgkjULsXMwIWNOG7RZlfrnnZV0VAd2zFpfX/X9F4gd8tEvZTNjfE kcq9ut+IFjtJoSbw6m5IRhlsZXVoBTa6reDyVdGpXMj95RprqX9odDHoYSy5ErskmSrO oLB31U+XN9B/SWs85wj5u+JygjKVGfSEDkG6AP5GsiS8ULazkKGoWsrhkOoo5uZNi7K9 xlPg== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAX6kk5xe38knjOXEzfIeFlX5gTMkVJEizLY7jcIeQzLdS2XxOrw ibjCLZ5JYQ3YL+ZKIvEGByVMXYBAk98zZXDoiLsEiKJh X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqzOPGA7Lv4bNH2lWmeI2eFl3u2okb07g9fCku/g9MFgwJBhzbT4FzuRJqfFO5smOntR6a9mFvQTPcaHxIgkExQ= X-Received: by 2002:a1c:282:: with SMTP id 124mr21681115wmc.62.1582552540114; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 05:55:40 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Antonio Olivares Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 07:55:29 -0600 Message-ID: Subject: freebsd-update (12.1-RELEASE) is unsupported by freebsd-update To: FreeBSD Questions Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R3Vk5MXqz3xTP X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=ErrxwYsg; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of olivares14031@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::332 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=olivares14031@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-9.11), ipnet: 2a00:1450::/32(-2.41), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2.3.3.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.5.4.1.0.0.a.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 13:55:45 -0000 Dear kind folks, when running freebsd-update fetch I get error above. I had not gotten this error message before. root@e154-1:~ # freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... none found. Fetching metadata signature for 12.1-RELEASE from update.FreeBSD.org... failed. No mirrors remaining, giving up. This may be because upgrading from this platform (amd64) or release (12.1-RELEASE) is unsupported by freebsd-update. Only platforms with Tier 1 support can be upgraded by freebsd-update. See https://www.freebsd.org/platforms/index.html for more info. If unsupported, FreeBSD must be upgraded by source. root@e154-1:~ # uname -a FreeBSD e154-1 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 root@e154-1:~ # I rerun it and it runs correctly: Best Regards, Antonio From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 15:01:03 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A8B625F606 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:01:03 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from michaelsprivate@gmail.com) Received: from mail-qt1-x82b.google.com (mail-qt1-x82b.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::82b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R4y63Xdbz44V3 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:01:02 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from michaelsprivate@gmail.com) Received: by mail-qt1-x82b.google.com with SMTP id r5so6716313qtt.9 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 07:01:02 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=hPLwyg3pPihS3HkaFssfwroAUIvh6FymnD0qmsja2D0=; b=bVR/ZAUxEfpc5XmVZZG2IjyZ69k89CwH/SidKEyivjU69/pTH6SvqyAtnpEOGuwfhq PVmzQFHHYPYi2NZkfUeeNS4fKxNF+nYPHUDyyqYgchHWrVdW545+PS6F+kT0H3wBob/y k79kNuXU24xaCCWFXHzgt/fdo66BDBvvRvIM4Zc6RItO1gRzqniEMM28fdOwbaPMs43J PzNVPWoBEC9tq/YHQm3+M2XCEYGWMRZFl4rOCafQujlCXd3Qwh7yN3EERoesBl5w3zYb bfxEe3pjKN2Woj629tG81MvqmLrRsOXf8DjT9MVHfOVOgWJiTClZkGC+j9bg/B/exS/V ieHw== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=hPLwyg3pPihS3HkaFssfwroAUIvh6FymnD0qmsja2D0=; b=Qwjnq70GWl0pP/+oiGDJJqP9pPreFbCyRo+pbcUyqc6OBVkLmV82g/Z3FbZL4M6c/P 1ygOwK4thijBoiEAt6r/x3erUla7zPqEUdnu50T1Rj+/5JD0GnXRNwyRBuNSQq0GYVXT rX8MCLmPErqFEMVPznkaXasIOMR/FpPwLAwVlvNul9d5MUa0WG56c4aNe01gDg9Q8W7H cuTx/BEQbAxThjcM9HVFx8zoyvrc2Y4xhiPAr2e9NuZSKS/0H42v+R+hzLCdEgbJ6BeR YqQsLiO6klURbnvaBYkoRwIJPeuQ/PdIuK5z6wuJTCy9KUr0T8h5RVd9FWPmy8DhT534 mF0g== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWMPJjy0wG+SWROzw8Cdgxl8FG3bmksm0DhzHL/bcCrqCUZdP1Q G9ree4Mktfm3t/8PmXQHrE4LFOjcnTan5520AbAbSA== X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqzzXBQl4nMfpZgo21/ikmyeZyvHtIUAvHnW18YzxSzqAs3qsdfButPefdGtevckF+7u41o+qrEbf/6qVtKtVug= X-Received: by 2002:ac8:1937:: with SMTP id t52mr46308436qtj.215.1582556461369; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 07:01:01 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> In-Reply-To: <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> From: Michael Schuster Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:00:50 +0100 Message-ID: Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: "Kevin P. Neal" Cc: Polytropon , freeBSD Mailing List , Jos Chrispijn X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R4y63Xdbz44V3 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=bVR/ZAUx; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of michaelsprivate@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::82b as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=michaelsprivate@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[b.2.8.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-9.31), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:01:03 -0000 You also need to consider COW semantics when using ZFS: You'll never actually overwrite existing data, new data will be written to new disk blocks, so while the original data may not be visible to the user anymore with regular file system tools, depending on things like disk activity and how full the disk is, the old data you wanted overwritten may actually still be around on the storage media for a while. (I'd advise you to research "zfs" and "secure data removal" or something like that to find out what the current solution(s) to this problem is/are). HTH Michael On Mon, Feb 24, 2020 at 3:54 PM Kevin P. Neal wrote: > On Sun, Feb 23, 2020 at 06:49:08PM +0100, Polytropon wrote: > > On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:35 +0100, Jos Chrispijn wrote: > > > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > > > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > > > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > > > account or in general)? Thanks! > > > If you also want to remove the _data_ (read: the former file > > content), you need to overwrite the file's content with a > > random pattern or with zeros first. This can be done with > > the dd tool. There is also a port called "secure rm" (srm) > > that achieves the same "by overwriting, renaming, and > > truncating it before unlinking". You can find its manpage > > with further suggestions here: > > > > https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=srm > > > > However, this does not change things related to disk space > > becoming free. So when intending to simply remove files > > without any "recycle bin" nonsense, rm is the way to go. > > The thing about security is that often all you can do is raise the cost > of an attack. If the cost is high enough then you can often make an > attacker > find a better use of their time. > > Using forensics tools on a disk to recover a file that has been deleted > is pretty low cost. Still, I wouldn't expect the average street criminal > to be able to recover the files. The guy that broke into my house and > stole a jar of coins couldn't do it, for example. > > Filling the filesystem will probably clobber the leftover file's data > it's true. That makes an attack more expensive/harder, but if you are > using an SSD or a "shingled" (SMR?) hard drive then you aren't done yet. > > For example, SSD's will do wear leveling, and that means that a write to > a block at a particular offset will typically end up going to a different > physical block on the drive. The previous contents won't be available > to normal use, but tools no doubt exist that can recover the previous > block. > > So, what's the threat you are trying to protect yourself from? > -- > Kevin P. Neal http://www.pobox.com/~kpn/ > "Oh, I've heard that paradox a couple of times, but there's something > about a cat dying and I hate to think of such things." > - Dr. Donald Knuth speaking of Schrodinger's cat, December 8, 1999, MIT > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to " > freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- Michael Schuster http://recursiveramblings.wordpress.com/ recursion, n: see 'recursion' From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 15:13:46 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3457725FB34 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:13:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R5Dm3rGgz4Pv8 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:13:44 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; c=relaxed/relaxed; q=dns/txt; t=1582557225; x=1585149225; h=content-transfer-encoding:content-type:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:message-id:subject:to:from:date:x-thread-info; bh=Q3ZvtO3IodNC0orWJu2ZrEYofM7b6jrmAPaL2jPBRt8=; b=aPhga28G0TQN2CDUHwbkdBPCogzQW1CneWtynptcwancvFkIgjSxqD4IPtOasLMuiOIPoOZdKGdgEDYX7XqM6aipewF8/qh8KG6oWRNUzC0AtJEWYkfEhnnAwh+7JBtypvBRHY0kTIH1J70yiJJwIBQHkgtTdihQWPJkwMEk+pE= X-Thread-Info: NDI1MC4xMi43NDAwMDAwMTMxODY5OS5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r4.h.in.socketlabs.com (s1-b40f.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.180.15]) by mxsg2.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:13:39 -0500 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r4.h.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:13:38 -0500 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.92.3 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1j6FQP-000Hsq-CI for freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:13:37 +0000 Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:13:37 +0000 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R5Dm3rGgz4Pv8 X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=aPhga28G; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.89 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.98)[-0.983,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; FORGED_SENDER_VERP_SRS(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ip: (-0.25), ipnet: 142.0.176.0/22(0.51), asn: 7381(0.26), country: US(-0.05)]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[198.176.0.142.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.15.0]; ENVFROM_VERP(0.00)[]; FORGED_SENDER(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:13:46 -0000 On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:53:17 -0500 "Kevin P. Neal" wrote: > The thing about security is that often all you can do is raise the cost > of an attack. If the cost is high enough then you can often make an > attacker find a better use of their time. If data security is the goal then encrypt the drive and try not to upset the NSA. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 15:38:48 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D6E922382BB for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:38:48 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48R5ng3MdRz4LvP for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:38:47 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from point.uchicago.edu (point.uchicago.edu [128.135.52.6]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 776494E6A1 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.4.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R5ng3MdRz4LvP X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.60 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.82)[-0.821,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.12)[ip: (0.33), ipnet: 128.135.0.0/16(0.16), asn: 160(0.13), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[70.20.135.128.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 15:38:48 -0000 On 2020-02-24 09:13, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:53:17 -0500 > "Kevin P. Neal" wrote: > >> The thing about security is that often all you can do is raise the cost >> of an attack. If the cost is high enough then you can often make an >> attacker find a better use of their time. > > If data security is the goal then encrypt the drive It depends on what kind of attack you are trying to defend from. If it is theft of your hard drive from your cold powered off machine, then this will help (not 100% solve it, just brute force drive decryption attack is too expensive or slow). If, however, it is physical machine security that you are trying to solve, encrypting drive not necessarily will help. The following is the speculation about how the attack can be performed. Bad guy has physical access to your machine when it is up and running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen onto your RAM, pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Low temperature ensures the content of RAM is not lost while physically swapping it over to bad guy's device, and that device ensures the content of RAM is not lost (pretty much the same way as dynamic RAM is used always). And the guy takes the hard drive. Encryption/decryption happens on the fly on running machine (otherwise yanking the power will allow on to have decrypted drive), and therefore the encryption/decryption key(s) must me somewhere in the RAM when machine runs. And the bad guy has it all now: the whole content of the RAM (with the keys), and [encrypted] hard drive. He has your information. It sounds a bit too elaborate, but as someone said already, it can be done, the difference is just in the amount of effort/cost. Valeri > and try not to > upset the NSA. > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:06:27 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B80A4239180 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:06:27 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jerry@seibercom.net) Received: from mail-qk1-x734.google.com (mail-qk1-x734.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::734]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R6PY5hf3z49d4 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:06:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jerry@seibercom.net) Received: by mail-qk1-x734.google.com with SMTP id a2so9089406qko.12 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 08:06:25 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=seibercom.net; s=google; h=date:from:to:subject:message-id:in-reply-to:references:reply-to :organization:face:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=wC1sz+Mu/mdScq6BCEYCLzsgeBiZQeQMFuccXtneipE=; b=MeRoqA+XC/6fA0vl81A7kk8F5vSMuJs2qfM3C7Unc3hJI0IobEXKLOV8vwFUobUjZ8 YYiRtwSPataFqt97ccZBjLQ2IZSLGV17pVG/cb5qskfIqon1BK4+Wif54KuoOlwr7nLD XbNiQ5Yf3osemOW5a/ElB7YFtv3hv94WsuT+M= X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:date:from:to:subject:message-id:in-reply-to :references:reply-to:organization:face:mime-version :content-transfer-encoding; bh=wC1sz+Mu/mdScq6BCEYCLzsgeBiZQeQMFuccXtneipE=; b=maxioigZgmFOCLUmouj+ilWEcDWDHApj/Fu3XxYvCmkJtHZlh4E/y9/X9DB5DWsJ5h dZ681/mzMlTby268hET7JjyhK8IEgwYrEjRvGlUARRAD9/a2yda0KGIWObEfrm2WW2h/ ipke+vfcaec/4E9tuU5uRstSJvEXtdYtoRZ2RQIOuKhNsXnXK8OFXX68512yR6AW0G51 uFC3H4SR7+FaUFm3PEr3qIfrMZuP4ebCIYrnOTasmHte5REOc1kZNcvEf00flR8Q04Pz ClFFHzx+2DGd2BotTstAImVWQBSHt3u1LY16D/h5hvas8kSJ4HDRh9dbpFRRHO1b9+JF Q/pw== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAXFx61+HObAZPRPJqHf2uz4kOgQVyBL8B2WYonc8JAXSEJIkrJJ /4A3UY+ISDArHyp3gEEXjPu8036GDGo= X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqyHqHB9OFuz1Rusi77tcfh5LsksCNE4WA7vbPen4u97G1Tmo42eP4wDBkzEuMtEYJoZXrLGnA== X-Received: by 2002:a37:6e06:: with SMTP id j6mr14085252qkc.171.1582560384201; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 08:06:24 -0800 (PST) Received: from scorpio.seibercom.net (cpe-174-109-225-250.nc.res.rr.com. [174.109.225.250]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 12sm4009416qkj.136.2020.02.24.08.06.23 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Mon, 24 Feb 2020 08:06:23 -0800 (PST) Received: from scorpio (localhost [127.0.0.1]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) server-digest SHA256) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: jerry@seibercom.net) by scorpio.seibercom.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 48R6PV3YBDz1YCn for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 11:06:22 -0500 (EST) Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 11:06:21 -0500 From: Jerry To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-ID: <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> In-Reply-To: References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> Reply-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Organization: seibercom.net X-Mailer: Claws Mail 3.17.4 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd11.3) Face: 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 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R6PY5hf3z49d4 X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=seibercom.net header.s=google header.b=MeRoqA+X; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of jerry@seibercom.net designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::734 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=jerry@seibercom.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [0.44 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[seibercom.net:+]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(-2.56)[ip: (-9.17), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[250.225.109.174.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; REPLYTO_EQ_TO_ADDR(5.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[seibercom.net:s=google]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[seibercom.net]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[4.3.7.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:06:27 -0000 On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600, Valeri Galtsev stated: >It depends on what kind of attack you are trying to defend from. If it >is theft of your hard drive from your cold powered off machine, then >this will help (not 100% solve it, just brute force drive decryption >attack is too expensive or slow). If, however, it is physical machine >security that you are trying to solve, encrypting drive not >necessarily will help. The following is the speculation about how the >attack can be performed. Bad guy has physical access to your machine >when it is up and running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen >onto your RAM, pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Low >temperature ensures the content of RAM is not lost while physically >swapping it over to bad guy's device, and that device ensures the >content of RAM is not lost (pretty much the same way as dynamic RAM is >used always). And the guy takes the hard drive. Encryption/decryption >happens on the fly on running machine (otherwise yanking the power >will allow on to have decrypted drive), and therefore the >encryption/decryption key(s) must me somewhere in the RAM when machine >runs. And the bad guy has it all now: the whole content of the RAM >(with the keys), and [encrypted] hard drive. He has your information. Can you document an actual event when this scenario occurred? -- Jerry From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:16:53 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 145CD239AEA for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:16:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48R6dc661Zz4JBK for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:16:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from point.uchicago.edu (point.uchicago.edu [128.135.52.6]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 7DF034E6A0 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:16:52 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <4484c068-b304-b9c7-087d-aea67aeef719@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:16:52 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.4.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R6dc661Zz4JBK X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-6.00 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.998,0]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; REPLY(-4.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:16:53 -0000 On 2020-02-24 10:06, Jerry wrote: > On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600, Valeri Galtsev stated: >> It depends on what kind of attack you are trying to defend from. If it >> is theft of your hard drive from your cold powered off machine, then >> this will help (not 100% solve it, just brute force drive decryption >> attack is too expensive or slow). If, however, it is physical machine >> security that you are trying to solve, encrypting drive not >> necessarily will help. The following is the speculation about how the >> attack can be performed. Bad guy has physical access to your machine >> when it is up and running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen >> onto your RAM, pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Low >> temperature ensures the content of RAM is not lost while physically >> swapping it over to bad guy's device, and that device ensures the >> content of RAM is not lost (pretty much the same way as dynamic RAM is >> used always). And the guy takes the hard drive. Encryption/decryption >> happens on the fly on running machine (otherwise yanking the power >> will allow on to have decrypted drive), and therefore the >> encryption/decryption key(s) must me somewhere in the RAM when machine >> runs. And the bad guy has it all now: the whole content of the RAM >> (with the keys), and [encrypted] hard drive. He has your information. > > Can you document an actual event when this scenario occurred? > No, because, as I said, I am speculating. If you find flaw in my speculation, I'd like to hear about that. And I'm sure, there are other ways of attack to get data in case one encrypts hard drive or filesystem. I just speculated through the most obvious (for me) way that should be doable. I do not have extensive knowledge of [successful or unsuccessful] attacks against encrypted storage. If someone can enlighten us all on the real world cases/statistics, it would be interesting to know. Thanks. Valeri -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:21:28 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B0C4239D9E for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:21:28 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48R6kv04qYz4MH9 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:21:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from point.uchicago.edu (point.uchicago.edu [128.135.52.6]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 01A944E67C for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:21:26 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> <20200224161525.GB9130@neutralgood.org> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <1152c135-28bf-24a9-2987-14ec04711323@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:21:25 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.4.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200224161525.GB9130@neutralgood.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R6kv04qYz4MH9 X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.61 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.82)[-0.822,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.12)[ip: (0.33), ipnet: 128.135.0.0/16(0.16), asn: 160(0.13), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[70.20.135.128.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:21:28 -0000 On 2020-02-24 10:15, Kevin P. Neal wrote: > On Mon, Feb 24, 2020 at 11:06:21AM -0500, Jerry wrote: >> On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600, Valeri Galtsev stated: >>> It depends on what kind of attack you are trying to defend from. If it >>> is theft of your hard drive from your cold powered off machine, then >>> this will help (not 100% solve it, just brute force drive decryption >>> attack is too expensive or slow). If, however, it is physical machine >>> security that you are trying to solve, encrypting drive not >>> necessarily will help. The following is the speculation about how the >>> attack can be performed. Bad guy has physical access to your machine >>> when it is up and running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen >>> onto your RAM, pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Low >>> temperature ensures the content of RAM is not lost while physically >>> swapping it over to bad guy's device, and that device ensures the >>> content of RAM is not lost (pretty much the same way as dynamic RAM is >>> used always). And the guy takes the hard drive. Encryption/decryption >>> happens on the fly on running machine (otherwise yanking the power >>> will allow on to have decrypted drive), and therefore the >>> encryption/decryption key(s) must me somewhere in the RAM when machine >>> runs. And the bad guy has it all now: the whole content of the RAM >>> (with the keys), and [encrypted] hard drive. He has your information. >> >> Can you document an actual event when this scenario occurred? > > Freezing RAM and then recovering the data is an attack that became public > a few years ago (maybe five? I don't think ten?). > That sounds right. It's been quite some time since I've first heard about that. I remember my first reaction: YES, it's pure physics, how come I didn't think about that myself... (I guess, I didn't have the need of doing it - that might be my excuse then). Valeri -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:54:50 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A066823ACC6 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:54:50 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R7TP2DR3z4XpH for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:54:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; c=relaxed/relaxed; q=dns/txt; t=1582563289; x=1585155289; h=content-transfer-encoding:content-type:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:message-id:subject:to:from:date:x-thread-info; bh=5OGBtfpW6ImrJ3Zhk0G4eh9Pd/FUaCujf9PSw6IR0ZM=; b=u3THTs8co7EoBlgiBRZ22mkBKxUn/Q3EKWOlfk0wFkDgJbkF53X7r5ltJSEopGZPU6HaI02xCWHM9bOaJZpC/d1RJcw6/xoFNdhLMSBAAe35Y2CYoiD1pIMIC3qPKmXJEBaF8s5aAVht9UGQq8m2cPK+8p7CTHpAtgo8p29t8Ao= X-Thread-Info: NDI1MC4xMi43NDAwMDAwMTM0ZTRkNS5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r2.h.in.socketlabs.com (r2.h.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.180.12]) by mxsg2.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 24 Feb 2020 11:54:43 -0500 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r2.h.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 24 Feb 2020 11:54:42 -0500 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.92.3 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1j6H0D-000IAE-0u for freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:54:41 +0000 Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:54:40 +0000 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200224165440.21312a52d2ed486f4d2f433a@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R7TP2DR3z4XpH X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=u3THTs8c; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.89 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.98)[-0.982,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; FORGED_SENDER_VERP_SRS(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ip: (-0.25), ipnet: 142.0.176.0/22(0.51), asn: 7381(0.26), country: US(-0.05)]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[198.176.0.142.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.15.0]; ENVFROM_VERP(0.00)[]; FORGED_SENDER(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:54:50 -0000 On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600 Valeri Galtsev wrote: > Bad guy has physical access to your machine when it is up and > running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen onto your RAM, > pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Bad guy will find my "machine room" a little cramped and the access rather awkward for the that plan. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:56:33 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 843A023AE1E for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:56:33 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kurt.buff@gmail.com) Received: from mail-oi1-x22a.google.com (mail-oi1-x22a.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::22a]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R7WN5GcVz4bpb for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:56:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kurt.buff@gmail.com) Received: by mail-oi1-x22a.google.com with SMTP id l136so9585651oig.1 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 08:56:32 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=+U32qfqtW9RAujvodqRIIZmMbJWzpHTw8bdA82LAkOs=; b=vDd98ot/dx6mrUW9PiES/J/Sv4f3VCQIpI2owPUXrTLHpIxuH/4KGUe1A+wB+8m1QH H39QuPFNysmC1AJukAzcRRhOKAxopVoQBjLSSFO1abcTUM4u2/dcT6plAW4CEB8Fq00a +F71kCDy8MRx4DrP8XtLehdFI0xscvcm4t2yAv/z+nH8vyeMgS5IUXBECnnJALjDsDFC 9otikAG3fk/4Ximd4D8HuTORkGcWEvHWZe+dXbMxwxB46F95W/YADWKTl7PSH9XPH1WY xNyHGcKf19eNqZ5BfhC2yBB4+I+eO6u/X0I1wKZFDsdHWeVL3Zs3TaHDiwekygpqxmyU DqJQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to; bh=+U32qfqtW9RAujvodqRIIZmMbJWzpHTw8bdA82LAkOs=; b=JcTT6FtkByPu0y4qaY4/J0fZ5SLLShrPV2iYEFuMT0teUX5md+GDq5MZ+VV2wzM+AA NZuxiWO783JKx3BZYmoselpgQebk9/OVPL1oDWOM3O9Jc2aFw4PAS0jKjqrV5d/gbR08 UPML7ClaO+NbNehB/RtKJWEbrKPU/G1QXGGcyNT+0IODKX6d4Oceh49FoeyKD/bHsq4j 9fS6TtOmzzEEDX+ujPVpAJsRKwic23DBkX0OXvsKaYvOnhyEebKklPGMlkJb/5WsyaOt QKsAONjcDdnT49PUAPvNWLg6VX+ccEJof4okkcIEyBNRwC7xVIFe02Z6i2+ERtNN5Ac+ TuXw== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAVA53HiZ0bIOE7cp6iy3qZHFQyBsVLWlqrpnDslwjEfkIg8Bx+V TKu0g/2psuLHgF9tGY1s2BOX8GxtWIQBF70uyvhIgLy3StuMJA== X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqyQ63D2rI4DAmyuUJZvsvxixjmBD+DEDhdxBNZBrGe1QoN93SMIdS2A5ABtIuFg3imBHo2b2L5T3wPEraj5vv0= X-Received: by 2002:aca:ed08:: with SMTP id l8mr10220oih.80.1582563391077; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 08:56:31 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> In-Reply-To: <20200224110621.3267115d@scorpio> From: "Kurt Buff - GSEC, GCIH" Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:56:19 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R7WN5GcVz4bpb X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-6.00 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:56:33 -0000 On Mon, Feb 24, 2020 at 9:07 AM Jerry wrote: > > On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600, Valeri Galtsev stated: > >It depends on what kind of attack you are trying to defend from. If it > >is theft of your hard drive from your cold powered off machine, then > >this will help (not 100% solve it, just brute force drive decryption > >attack is too expensive or slow). If, however, it is physical machine > >security that you are trying to solve, encrypting drive not > >necessarily will help. The following is the speculation about how the > >attack can be performed. Bad guy has physical access to your machine > >when it is up and running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen > >onto your RAM, pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. Low > >temperature ensures the content of RAM is not lost while physically > >swapping it over to bad guy's device, and that device ensures the > >content of RAM is not lost (pretty much the same way as dynamic RAM is > >used always). And the guy takes the hard drive. Encryption/decryption > >happens on the fly on running machine (otherwise yanking the power > >will allow on to have decrypted drive), and therefore the > >encryption/decryption key(s) must me somewhere in the RAM when machine > >runs. And the bad guy has it all now: the whole content of the RAM > >(with the keys), and [encrypted] hard drive. He has your information. > > Can you document an actual event when this scenario occurred? > > -- > Jerry Citations here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_boot_attack Kurt From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 16:59:54 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96D7C23AFD1 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:59:54 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48R7bF5LyKz4k46 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:59:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from point.uchicago.edu (point.uchicago.edu [128.135.52.6]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id E0AF14E6A5 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:59:50 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> <20200224165440.21312a52d2ed486f4d2f433a@sohara.org> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:59:50 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.4.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200224165440.21312a52d2ed486f4d2f433a@sohara.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R7bF5LyKz4k46 X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.63 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.85)[-0.846,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.11)[ip: (0.33), ipnet: 128.135.0.0/16(0.16), asn: 160(0.13), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[70.20.135.128.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 16:59:54 -0000 On 2020-02-24 10:54, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600 > Valeri Galtsev wrote: > >> Bad guy has physical access to your machine when it is up and >> running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen onto your RAM, >> pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. > > Bad guy will find my "machine room" a little cramped and the access > rather awkward for the that plan. > In my case "bad guy" will be my friend sysadmin from another Department who helps me to recover data after I lost the key to my encrypted drive ;-) Valeri -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 17:22:45 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E042523C01A for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 17:22:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [217.72.192.75]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48R85b22Zqz47W9 for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 17:22:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([178.5.94.235]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue106 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1MmU5P-1joj4h3lvl-00iREE; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 18:22:31 +0100 Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 18:22:29 +0100 From: Polytropon To: "Kevin P. Neal" Cc: Jos Chrispijn , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200224182229.1b670c54.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:PNzJa+3wAn6XKhuENqS67LAgDCfVOwU+PchUQO/qSweMKvaPE2j +HJ3nb9TOJfowX2zRZNqXA6gsRw+4NGS0B9pz0XjmuwBwfWP6G+KCS5CwWdgwimdKklFadW aRwk+xksabSVWTAVthwmryAxXxCRCbY50eby05JgOH0ORVNMGIHujivvw0UsaFo2qtNab4e qu4IEjXhq8wesQqQOUVXg== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:M1aOW05eDZI=:iBHvBpY4WwfJVlo0q8ZaWW v5NfxiHHfuQ5ivl8hn5ijbfWZk7uD7zPu85YwBx9jCn5uegrbg7GaQaQyFFRD6aVpVh3Kt0GK PdHsFVQ+5gHqTOpbMEcL6UZ6Mu5KtqrlHMakueaJQ18OYChqCtKKB0t2HdcEA9VaSQAYKeGwR yOrVe4tGMsowvrjiJZNhQgT6bON/jih3rhbyzTY10ATaW+ACiv2VUIfhjn0CPhj/oOOCjq9s7 K1pcTsxEF9qyvtUjaue96u1teckXIjSidRpryVOrJfUH95fBZ81xnqmAcA988Nq7B7BRVqTzz xDlZvlvxbKOPMNqN23BbK/14qSn2kU5j0LAKQ5Wl6GTY+IXasPVsWK9A5xhIef+rAHnEaiJ0c mT9rn7d85VgJrrMwI+j4ANnK2AlWnesUcL+LG12z4Wlw7zB2kk+46bIyz3h/glidyCRkPHChA GFADEBBW69EQEBzlOBkr5Xi/8q81emmnf59GxjokVMd5wYNV9oszNAVTvv++spJNu9Ngl9o+E /DXFFhF2JSTCQUtWKm8k/p2FzfaXlsf3tRGvfh2OLHzgPvADUetwuEEJCB6JW20w1ieN9nlYX T3Bvkcz6TIyZ6vvnICexUP64q/+zXb0gyy6zgKLomEkhKuLCB7sRbVKF6TrK16CTjKsPwnm6b W4WeV+eI933Gs4j8Zes3LAqLC1IA49FD114QzyoHnEzC3qf+nXtj3Kk8wOeBYX4OV4/tkpQPt Ti7l4TzdWyHUmIbKi43Eb0cnlGfWaQPhqv1hfnFSzJ6dp+bDGL6U0ZReCKyo00CD+E0yWKQY9 DLx/xLZqMlDy9Y1kLSz5tTqv1KUbjzZgDMy2f+HyUqxi37uQuacikANi9Wbp54asK03MlCF X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48R85b22Zqz47W9 X-Spamd-Bar: ++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 217.72.192.75) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.74 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:217.72.192.0/20, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[235.94.5.178.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.98)[0.983,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.995,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[75.192.72.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.37)[ip: (-0.68), ipnet: 217.72.192.0/20(0.33), asn: 8560(2.19), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 17:22:46 -0000 On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:53:17 -0500, Kevin P. Neal wrote: > On Sun, Feb 23, 2020 at 06:49:08PM +0100, Polytropon wrote: > > On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 14:05:35 +0100, Jos Chrispijn wrote: > > > I read somewhere that using the rm command does not phsyically remove > > > the 'deleted' files when using the command in a terminal session. Can > > > you tell me how/where I can really remove these files (as per user > > > account or in general)? Thanks! > > > If you also want to remove the _data_ (read: the former file > > content), you need to overwrite the file's content with a > > random pattern or with zeros first. This can be done with > > the dd tool. There is also a port called "secure rm" (srm) > > that achieves the same "by overwriting, renaming, and > > truncating it before unlinking". You can find its manpage > > with further suggestions here: > > > > https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=srm > > > > However, this does not change things related to disk space > > becoming free. So when intending to simply remove files > > without any "recycle bin" nonsense, rm is the way to go. > > The thing about security is that often all you can do is raise the cost > of an attack. If the cost is high enough then you can often make an attacker > find a better use of their time. Fully agree. In 99% of the cases, it's not about "possible or impossible", but about "how much effort can you afford", as even data overwritten with random garbage and zeros _can_, given specific circumstances, be recovered. > Using forensics tools on a disk to recover a file that has been deleted > is pretty low cost. Still, I wouldn't expect the average street criminal > to be able to recover the files. The guy that broke into my house and > stole a jar of coins couldn't do it, for example. Using the _appropriate_ forensic tool requires a bit of experience, usually preceeded by reading, learning, and thinking, but yes, it is absolutely possible. I know this, because due to fat fingers I had to do recovery for accidentally deleted files more than once. ;-) > For example, SSD's will do wear leveling, and that means that a write to > a block at a particular offset will typically end up going to a different > physical block on the drive. The previous contents won't be available > to normal use, but tools no doubt exist that can recover the previous > block. A good example. Especially with SSDs, you cannot exactly predict _where_ a write operation will take place - will it be the same memory cells that previously contained the file, or will the controller choose different memory blocks and dynamically map them to the "original" blocks, as in "you told me to overwrite block 12345, I report back that I've overwritten block 12345, but I don't tell you that I actually chose block 987654 to be addressed block 12345". :-) > So, what's the threat you are trying to protect yourself from? _This_ question is the beginning of the search for the right(TM) tools. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Feb 25 17:11:56 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19CAB238AA2 for ; Tue, 25 Feb 2020 17:11:56 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [217.72.192.73]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Rlpf1H9Bz3Gqg for ; Tue, 25 Feb 2020 17:11:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([94.222.16.81]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue109 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1N8GIg-1jSj0W0n4q-0149Ly; Tue, 25 Feb 2020 18:11:48 +0100 Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 18:11:47 +0100 From: Polytropon To: Valeri Galtsev Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200225181147.58b36f46.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200224145317.GA9130@neutralgood.org> <20200224151337.30d8d819e7cf74bde984b77a@sohara.org> <20200224165440.21312a52d2ed486f4d2f433a@sohara.org> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:qgznO9Nf/3v9v4SK9UAj5C+sLZfWJ5oJWgz1/yKfq46jGxNYnEy 4TjFvzPvU8+cyv/nKdDYjNIm7pTXHI9bpdHCRQPsXRsyawUo9nKkOBvKvakxPvuQNwpCDy5 MKSnj4I6TqvfyYtks5YUBTu8V63bdpjFyI3LhID6+PHFPP2sA0uhjuwTcrSiyZBfl5Bq+Np N4UtW6/trGBwsS7djHWiQ== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:PlMyGYrvmv0=:pUZAF75j3lmWJL/HT9gkUC FDZTejEGwWq+SDDB3Vl/xti/P4gCmIeb8eRNXAAY4NT2V6G+IJ8UlU6I2nMt983vfVF+K7ZK2 2Uy++KjY2a7ewDdUTq8nj0DzS16XqfHfdSZsrko/qF/+yMGt/SLX7fId644zFev2aVaAhI4S2 z6s6y8z0XBVfVecYdtugz3ZU2NcVE9c0hj+kKsvoU5ZanRzTd/HruMojBBAH6AonXa96S5Fk2 kjM8rWlnmmoPwKYzvW8j26OsXzBVAInnBvLGQ6PJtnaGp4AQrxpmQ5MmGZlUuWIHIJjUNbpa5 NGa3tySXd3jaXkHXfHqhLq/UlshhYGtW/uYGw3hwbluJG6xtMad+ktgvWq0XV9VHb7J6SR0M7 cINCeYXZ4CaJwNZvEDIH+nRyjgOB2YvV7MgRFVsIir+Er6uwarN3a2tSwkDdmAq/BvyQJD6Ad F/YS0v9rG6/ZQ62VJr4wgtlWFT05MCx0b17Aaa4g6lGmC6Ii3Pl2SPjtNZdWM6yJ/qguXbYUY S0w0CfbmN98WwUMaiIhxYkghyST33nea9AIKGQweFAIN+IFlpB/G8RqRLUG/L5qlgpZ9j3ta4 hOXTMhU3E6l+sGOyNU+L15oiAUxrB7JfRm8FpgV48VVT/sfg3IxVy5TxpfoYEt9rr5enet7Qp iK+6z/s6zdUamjRcMj4czcirSJawAHe9CxEpSIDEL0yfAdmIT5rkiINkomwFD6SGyRIzYKCIV vba4StOdefKtfUxqedlvQu6kIL3eKwfk1ezwkkmXtWTgO9vV4oUlZNicEguvWFQOELSpwz+aM YbLSW7Sv+CrlWfT5fkCb26LR9JXYK0MZs1UTD+Uw5eSgb8S2v0W5zCNhuQDDRha6pgjytNy X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Rlpf1H9Bz3Gqg X-Spamd-Bar: ++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 217.72.192.73) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.93 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:217.72.192.0/20, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[81.16.222.94.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[0.996,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.998,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[73.192.72.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.54)[ip: (0.17), ipnet: 217.72.192.0/20(0.35), asn: 8560(2.18), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 17:11:56 -0000 On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 10:59:50 -0600, Valeri Galtsev wrote: > > > On 2020-02-24 10:54, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > > On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 09:38:46 -0600 > > Valeri Galtsev wrote: > > > >> Bad guy has physical access to your machine when it is up and > >> running. He opens the case, splashes liquid nitrogen onto your RAM, > >> pulls RAM modules, plugs them into his device. > > > > Bad guy will find my "machine room" a little cramped and the access > > rather awkward for the that plan. > > > > In my case "bad guy" will be my friend sysadmin from another Department > who helps me to recover data after I lost the key to my encrypted drive ;-) >From the trenches: Many years ago, regarding a company I did some work for. They decided that their "valuable business data" should be encrypted. As this was a "Windows"-based system, it required rebooting quite often, and the on-site IT guy got fed up with always waiting for the big boss to arrive in the "server room" (the janitor's closet) with his little black book to type in the password. So they agreed that there should be a yellow post-it on the server's screen with the password on it. "No! That's terribly insecure and dangerous!" said the highly-paid external consultant they hired to care for their "IT needs", "It's a lot better to put it on a USB stick. Here, look. For $$$, I can make the system read it whenever it reboots, from the USB stick. I put a file on it where the password is stored." They paid $$$ and were happy. The IT guy just needed to perform forced-resets every few days, the system would boot again, read the password, encrypt the data, and everyone was satisfied. Until the day burglars visited the company building, stole all the building machinery (very expensive!), and... the server. With the USB stick. That had the password. Very convenient, if you ask me. (Sidenote: The boss himself told me that story, he was very ashamed of how he could believe that paying $$$ would solve problems when no _thinking_ was involved.) And this, dear kids, is how we do "data protection" here in Germany. ;-) Sidenote: When physical access to a machine is granted, it's usually GAME OVER. Sure, you can create obstacles, but the bad guys will always be able to deal with them, depending on what they expect to find (and if the money they can make from it is worth the work they need to invest). -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Feb 26 06:45:48 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E74224E365; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:45:48 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from babupalit@gmail.com) Received: from mail-oi1-x241.google.com (mail-oi1-x241.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::241]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48S5sk3M9fz3Hms; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:45:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from babupalit@gmail.com) Received: by mail-oi1-x241.google.com with SMTP id q81so2018595oig.0; Tue, 25 Feb 2020 22:45:46 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=SfN7kmW5vQGwFT6YDq8c+tKesMlItz1oVGpb3hZhW+I=; b=OPtwSHPJVjipis5cQ5QOYXRDBxugn4ctknx7epnIKeYk/HFfFDlHA24f8XMt4enJxr gKYqFBfLhOAqRM5JomEPKC1jooGR1vKBQC0LMv2CwJooeUB6EH8QO0TAH95FWtaIE5js SrcHonPPeoiJSVqomv6Z60qljus5gX+mX+MmVzzU1+DC6KxW+uVbiubTTi07triJc0jH goO3qNJuZILODmTqANrRRcOcrDaFn6ca6cbz27SbE+ptjwmWyK72YgQXEQ0Y/WHXtkmv RGPCSb3FcRQuBgMNq/yKxBDlwyasb7tqbhqte5fQKLsJck6m8UqGc3oGNOiraHe9PtXz t09Q== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=SfN7kmW5vQGwFT6YDq8c+tKesMlItz1oVGpb3hZhW+I=; b=PawBS5ZcCMBA7N2jrxS6jJEDZtNGa2F0oOgaFj+8YfEWtFNtEa2oicGNQ2viZX6eXk pzdGKRmWQhS3e1FaB210tTh9FLCjIIj5+nvCQxQiqZZYqb/76fothQ0FX/q19Tb2JyEo uI3hnTy48JsmUknOytNuOgbHt0UzBZEEyQJ215Zldbrs6tmbLTlLK2zziy7uHxe20rDF Jro+juLJtACah2e23mz5pEWmNNA+Qi+CXsUmkjVCbWbGYUMNgJO/P7ZNJfN9wlCBBg91 7H63UPQ0R16RXEyzs9Ofynigs4Wk50b9+Jte67jVLjShrv1l8j3I9DdZvrIeiGNREPV2 yosw== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAXKuFnjnUvJweySEdPAjURzm41HSxaSlpmQbvoFl97Gvur73PyY gl7eijwcmyAFTg1Ss9TvvzaAsqo3kEm6uHR+XlLCbQ== X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqzOP/bPihUs2b0FKkWGOw39v+cUws0b8X3HQeuH4R0Y61eAKO4bfZWU+YQE0OnOk30709/s8ISN5f5OCTem7IE= X-Received: by 2002:aca:bb54:: with SMTP id l81mr1831238oif.175.1582699544834; Tue, 25 Feb 2020 22:45:44 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <890a299c074fc83a02911583531d686257924be8.camel@freebsd.org> <08fd4dcf7231237abf749834d6bce006892eac26.camel@freebsd.org> In-Reply-To: <08fd4dcf7231237abf749834d6bce006892eac26.camel@freebsd.org> From: Arpan Palit Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 12:15:33 +0530 Message-ID: Subject: Re: msleep_spin is failed to waken up even after wakeup routine is invoked for the same. To: Ian Lepore Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48S5sk3M9fz3Hms X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=OPtwSHPJ; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of babupalit@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::241 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=babupalit@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; URI_COUNT_ODD(1.00)[3]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (2.14), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[1.4.2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:45:48 -0000 Thanks for the clarification Ian. The issue is not happening now. I have ran the test for more than 1000 iterations multiple times now, but looks like some device specific internal issue has come up, working on it. If I need any more help in future, I hope I can ask you again. Thanks again for the quick response. -Arpan On Mon, Feb 24, 2020 at 1:18 AM Ian Lepore wrote: > On Sun, 2020-02-23 at 12:30 +0530, Arpan Palit wrote: > > Thanks for replying Ian. > > > > The code is similar to the fix structure code as you have mentioned > above. > > > > Its happening after running the test for 5 to 10 iterations, out of 2k > > posted command to the hardware only 1 or 2 of them are failing to wake > > up properly. mutex lock has been properly introduced in both > > wait_for_completion code & interrupt handler part and also the doneflag > is > > getting set from the interrupt context properly. > > > > I am running 16 thread of 2k command simultaneously. > > > > I have verified that from the hardware side the command completion is > > proper, its failing in waking up the sleep in software side. > > > > So I am suspecting some issue with the scheduler which failed to wake up > > the sleep in this case. > > > > Below is the current code structure: > > > > /* Wait for Completion */ > > mtx_lock(cmd_comp_lock); > > completion = false; > > ret = execute_cmd(cmd); > > if (ret == 0) { > > while ( !completion && err == 0) > > err = msleep(cmd, cmd_comp_lock, PCATCH, "cmd_xfer", hz); > > } > > mtx_unlock(cmd_comp_lock); > > > > /* Interrupt handler */ > > mtx_lock_spin(cmd_lock); > > *//Disable inerrupt > > *// error checks > > completion = true; > > wakeup_one(cmd); > > mtx_unlock_spin(cmd_lock); > > *//Enable interrupt > > > > That shows two different mutexes being used, which violates the safe > pattern for doing conditional wakeups. The same mutex that protects > the setting of the 'completion' variable in the interrupt handler must > be used to protect the clearing and testing of that variable in the > mainline code, to avoid missed wakeups. That means using msleep_spin() > with cmd_lock in the mainline code. > > -- Ian > > > > > On Wed, Feb 19, 2020 at 8:12 PM Ian Lepore wrote: > > > > > On Wed, 2020-02-19 at 14:13 +0530, Arpan Palit wrote: > > > > Hi, > > > > > > > > I am facing one issue where wakeup rountine call is unable to > > > > waken up a > > > > msleep_spin routine call with a timeout value of 10 Seconds. > > > > > > > > The real scenario is as follows: post a hardware command and > > > > sleep using > > > > msleep_spin routine till interrupt comes, After getting the > > > > interrupt > > > > > > waken > > > > up the sleeping process using wakeup_one/wakeup routine call. As > > > > there > > > > > > are > > > > more than 2048 command and 16 parallel threads are running, > > > > observed randomly *one or two of the posted command* is *timing > > > > out* for > > > > which the *interrupt has came and also wakeup routine is invoked > > > > *after > > > > getting the interrupt for the same command. > > > > > > > > Note: > > > > *The issue is not seen when number of commands are less than 2048 > > > > with > > > > timeout of 10 seconds. > > > > *The issue can be seen with less number of commands also when > > > > timeout > > > > > > value > > > > 1 second. > > > > > > > > Can anyone please provide me an optimized way to schedule the > > > > process or > > > > > > a > > > > better way to do the scheduling. > > > > > > > > Thanks, > > > > Arpan Palit > > > > > > > > > > Is there any chance this is the classic "missed wakeup" scenario, > > > where > > > the wakeup happens before the thread enters msleep_spin()? That > > > can > > > happen with code structured like > > > > > > enqueue_request(req); > > > err = msleep_spin(req, etc); > > > /* Handle done req or timeout */ > > > > > > and a fix is to structure the code using the same idiom required > > > for > > > pthread_cond_wait() in userland, something like: > > > > > > req->doneflag = false; > > > enqueue_request(req); > > > while (!req->doneflag && err == 0) > > > err = msleep_spin(req, etc); > > > /* Handle done req or timeout */ > > > > > > and of course on the interrupt handler side you need something like > > > > > > /* lock mutex, do hardware stuff */ > > > req->doneflag = true; > > > wakeup(req); > > > /* unlock mutex */ > > > > > > -- Ian > > > > > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list > > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers > > To unsubscribe, send any mail to " > > freebsd-hackers-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Feb 26 10:55:20 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id ADFE1254215 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 10:55:20 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from mail.sermon-archive.info (sermon-archive.info [71.177.216.148]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48SCPf0C00z47s4 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 10:55:17 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from [10.0.1.251] (mini [10.0.1.251]) by mail.sermon-archive.info (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 48SCPb4H1Hz2fjQm for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 02:55:15 -0800 (PST) From: Doug Hardie Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 12.4 \(3445.104.11\)) Subject: pf usage Message-Id: Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 02:55:15 -0800 To: FreeBSD X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3445.104.11) X-Virus-Scanned: clamav-milter 0.101.4 at mail X-Virus-Status: Clean X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48SCPf0C00z47s4 X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info designates 71.177.216.148 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.04 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.68)[-0.680,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:71.177.216.148]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.99)[-0.994,0]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.03)[asn: 5650(0.20), country: US(-0.05)]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[148.216.177.71.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:5650, ipnet:71.177.216.0/23, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=Ozh4=4O=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 10:55:20 -0000 I just learned something quite unexpected about pf. Some time ago, the = rules had to include "state" to have pf track state. However, later pf = was changed to always assume "state" thus reducing the typing of the = rules. The description of that change made me believe that the change = was in pf. On one of my systems with two NICs and two different = internet providers, I was using pftop to track usage. The only states I = saw were for just one network. The other one never showed any states, = but the packets were delivered properly. I discovered that pf has to have a rule for each interface. I used = "pass all" for the interface that needed no other rules. The change = apparently was made to pfctl not pf. So the one interface had no rules, = and hence there was nothing to tell pf to track state. -- Doug From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Feb 26 11:00:50 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE4BC2544A9 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 11:00:50 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from relay7-d.mail.gandi.net (relay7-d.mail.gandi.net [217.70.183.200]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48SCX13s00z4HfZ for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 11:00:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from webmail.gandi.net (webmail23.sd4.0x35.net [10.200.201.23]) (Authenticated sender: ml@yanthiery.me) by relay7-d.mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 0A4E820013 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 11:00:46 +0000 (UTC) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 12:00:46 +0100 From: "Rollniak (Yan)" To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: how to install Terminfo Message-ID: <401b71aab6262e5009a10912eaeea94e@yanthiery.me> X-Sender: freebsd@yanthiery.me User-Agent: Roundcube Webmail/1.3.8 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48SCX13s00z4HfZ X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@yanthiery.me designates 217.70.183.200 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@yanthiery.me X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.48 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:217.70.183.192/28]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[yanthiery.me]; IP_SCORE(-1.08)[ip: (-2.54), ipnet: 217.70.176.0/20(-1.58), asn: 29169(-1.28), country: FR(0.00)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[200.183.70.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:29169, ipnet:217.70.176.0/20, country:FR]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 11:00:51 -0000 Hello everyone, I'm a new comer in FreeBSD, i have just installed a FreeBSD system on a server, my laptop is on OpenSUSE with alacritty terminal. unfortunatly i dont find a way to install the alacritty terminfo on my FreeBSD server. https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/blob/master/INSTALL.md#terminfo I tryed to use infotocap : infotocap alacritty.info >> /usr/share/misc/termcap mk_cap /usr/share/misc/termcap Then a logout and log in again but i get this error: # visudo vi: No terminal database found visudo: /usr/local/etc/sudoers.tmp unchanged Can you help me to fix this problem ? best regards, -- Rollniak (Yan) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Feb 26 14:24:06 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 76DC425A176 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 14:24:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: from mail-qk1-x72f.google.com (mail-qk1-x72f.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::72f]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48SJ2W70fCz3FDk for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 14:24:02 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: by mail-qk1-x72f.google.com with SMTP id f3so2770525qkh.3 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:24:02 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=v2//1xVpi+sRW3cCJFyWZJ+w6AXiPvlwJoOUHIZImKo=; b=bcaVfY9QclDJNoeNazhzhF3ktyIUmNKSs4k/QMGJyv2l8bHGW3/EX8JH1gRg6ML6Hr OAjK50msk4i2BWeKM7ojlHSEnA4mcT4/pSE8XBCOF/1JIitkw4HKsTgPtywIWLVbksFE V5BdJ8qpQBv3u434+BsY/QffEOg+pNy5sXqABDRIacXA7jmHaUzPhzL2+7LfHCQ1Oxcm oahhYpp8zgRq6Zx/BHl9MrIA9eoAWYUQVvDBl9xb5wgAGTPVI7jwc7tUj7yDuBMR4e58 YxXuXaO8E7qhK2uIxQ4oL3xL/IF8KOMEx4YNmsS2ZJcy8t/8DHcWhgpHhCwL7Htdbiii Ce8Q== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=v2//1xVpi+sRW3cCJFyWZJ+w6AXiPvlwJoOUHIZImKo=; b=CMyzbYcmCqdawNZk/ESo9AHKT0SrJ3yPDHX2JJQr9+MnXtFbRQp2B30d1RpefWCFch ZLLfu4aNXJQHSHh6diwC8eaqfLPzmjohq84GtLY4OTLn2eqIC6OKrw9LQVQZLQvdQDVS fTwAbkL9WVYjfbfZUryN/HwGNjuiAduzVOqmlm+lq/8U+/b7yUkeZHXwXNpN3+U3Ewot k52wJ23n/9gHqSyeg0SyHN4VtvAISRaNWA5RKz7NftjgD2duBCjZEOakbTn8aH6JNhwZ r62zTaD0HZpmefgvVALTJBUXPZrvPvF77OswzmjTnDm2maOAYpqeUQr7+NftRZozTsxb GQ5g== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWrzu9Zxkmeym488+ihbtT8VBhzT+4/fEVFc8dZwn9zMJyLxoBN W6Uv+WTRSgnACsZKUuxqyIPOnxQsNPY= X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqxZZ5DFWAbyR8YUrynba5RTO0zYzW4+eOA0ZlDwPr11UjOL1JGe3IMMLOsqMNrJmitm2dKlgA== X-Received: by 2002:a37:584:: with SMTP id 126mr5485903qkf.109.1582727040639; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:24:00 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-qt1-f182.google.com (mail-qt1-f182.google.com. [209.85.160.182]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id v10sm1153897qtp.22.2020.02.26.06.23.58 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:23:59 -0800 (PST) Received: by mail-qt1-f182.google.com with SMTP id i23so2341045qtr.5 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:23:58 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 2002:ac8:1308:: with SMTP id e8mr5748280qtj.242.1582727038633; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 06:23:58 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Jov Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 22:23:47 +0800 X-Gmail-Original-Message-ID: Message-ID: Subject: pfctl Recursive in anchor broken(DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument)? To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48SJ2W70fCz3FDk X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=bcaVfY9Q; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed)" header.from=amutu.com (policy=none); spf=softfail (mx1.freebsd.org: 2607:f8b0:4864:20::72f is neither permitted nor denied by domain of amutu@amutu.com) smtp.mailfrom=amutu@amutu.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.79 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; R_SPF_SOFTFAIL(0.00)[~all]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; IP_SCORE(-2.59)[ip: (-9.34), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[f.2.7.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[amutu.com : No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed), none] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 14:24:06 -0000 hi hackers, I use fail2ban today and find pfctl recursive anchor do not work, it report nothing(pfctl -a 'f2b/*' -sr) or get all main rule and a warning(pfctl -a '*' -sr,get DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument). detail: # pfctl -a 'f2b' -sA > f2b/dovecot > f2b/dovecot-auth-worker > f2b/pam-generic > f2b/postfix > f2b/sshd #pfctl -a 'f2b/sshd' -sr > block drop quick proto tcp from to any port =3D 46 > #pfctl -a 'f2b/sshd/*' -sr > block drop quick proto tcp from to any port =3D 46 > pfctl -a 'f2b/*' -sr > # pfctl -a '*' -sr | less > pfctl: DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument > scrub in all fragment reassemble > block drop in log on vtnet0 all > block drop out log on vtnet0 all > ....other main rule rules in /etc/pf.conf: > block in log on $ext_if > block out log on $ext_if > anchor "f2b/*" from man page of pfctl: > By default, recursive inline printing of anchors applies only to > unnamed anchors specified inline in the ruleset. If the > anchor > name is terminated with a =E2=80=98*=E2=80=99 character, the= -s flag will > recursively print all anchors in a brace delimited block. F= or > example the following will print the =E2=80=9Cauthpf=E2=80= =9D ruleset > recursively: > # pfctl -a 'authpf/*' -sr > To print the main ruleset recursively, specify only =E2=80= =98*=E2=80=99 as the > anchor name: > # pfctl -a '*' -sr any idea? From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Feb 26 19:54:27 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C8EE242B99 for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 19:54:27 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.126.130]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48SRMh07sRz3J7D for ; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 19:54:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([94.222.16.81]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue009 [212.227.15.167]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1N5G1V-1jWROY2q0b-011ANC; Wed, 26 Feb 2020 20:54:19 +0100 Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 20:54:19 +0100 From: Polytropon To: "Rollniak (Yan)" Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: how to install Terminfo Message-Id: <20200226205419.2a03aba9.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: <401b71aab6262e5009a10912eaeea94e@yanthiery.me> References: <401b71aab6262e5009a10912eaeea94e@yanthiery.me> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:7w8z/iMD4VgO7ViwlcOqmsJozHPapfcrdgp32GJXDODCw+gnXWB /hWIskG0djAzfsf3zbTAYbzGim8k5Q4bdID/q5G7j/vwyTGg2cRG6ieWf8ndPyp5YVVqa0H 7zD6NXZZAbX5ernz+gRIJnllw0X0RRG8q6+HZXiq+KrkgBjmNngwNbFHp1tIk1ebAuRV+xB YHfi09urnR4i0LMb2siOw== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:rP195dNuy+A=:xVD4rwxHRzjHhHemYuwhXh GZ0eT7LljmTzQFwz4eXiVnaGy0xeti2nf8n5MgV4U6Sw4/qEPRnGQ9X4rQTiDNl4JEY6m/Ne8 XNao/Mtj/UtaVrz7UJ+m3+J+8XZp77gFMAZ1FSshKB1aOtnmTo8ijZzmE/TYg8W1a7VXI0/zJ VgPnVn1VkaBtBMLp4XL6y4hp7xSBnAk2ToR9gj+qR/qUs5V/Ngto0Z7b5vcaFUOUi4xfmVU7C tWN5reSAlbaJwk+0j0FkQZ5owCEeV8MmGw+ohwwhnPPq1Oj7xLNeH+arPY+Tc7oe+4VROjZqf 9in1a8jd22KvuuTdAde/BFYvKeP7dr+LLtPS3RF5fo5r46fUYL/vPCT4pG08CMMYgo8v6MNKD aT1LxrlNTgeIaXsU7y33Mzlsql2Q/Xvv4VxdhaSegqorLHaZlQsXgqRbg83abzB3Z/ydaCygs e5eZDuRrAkqmAGERQt4DeAJ8DGtxyROmAt/jjoeyMNwW9CzXSwuViKx+fkJ4hjrBMZJ7Ic3UI 0A2G1zR2nXG8oRo3G9VhQStC/12CKyNn948fDWzlgdY0evQY/K83754+2Kqdj9kpVqBAwFqkV oSTKWzpRNijFui4c5KDMhEIooCVNRHJ9Y4pMVqBXuynBJJAaA7qe2o5wr9C6FFFxcAb53GXip gJxpfUl39kHXxrGpuWi/84h4THCrjm9F2MQy0aV5dZSMVCa7xa6s1PCEyM7iw+3+u5QWA5qdH sKyncx1Sjr0kzMLtExEYl3pPqp0lK8iCDVTtK0YWgrlt0OcoVABCK9hRylzJ/plaIq8HyNwq8 HZ0Cz+8KwN2LmWwTQzKJUQj+JLa8DBokVNSz2+2AlXVkyI6pZN6FBU0XoJX+PtdygpgDWAw X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48SRMh07sRz3J7D X-Spamd-Bar: +++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.126.130) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [5.01 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[81.16.222.94.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.99)[0.995,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.999,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[130.126.227.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[130.126.227.212.rep.mailspike.net : 127.0.0.17]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.61)[ip: (2.01), ipnet: 212.227.0.0/16(-1.12), asn: 8560(2.18), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 19:54:27 -0000 On Wed, 26 Feb 2020 12:00:46 +0100, Rollniak (Yan) wrote: > I'm a new comer in FreeBSD, i have just installed a FreeBSD system on a > server, my laptop is on OpenSUSE with alacritty terminal. > unfortunatly i dont find a way to install the alacritty terminfo on my > FreeBSD server. Does it implement something specific that is not covered by standard terminal capabilities? What does # echo $TERM report? > I tryed to use infotocap : > > infotocap alacritty.info >> /usr/share/misc/termcap > mk_cap /usr/share/misc/termcap > > Then a logout and log in again but i get this error: > > # visudo > vi: No terminal database found This looks like you accidentally destroyed the termcap database... > Can you help me to fix this problem ? FreeBSD uses termcap (from /usr/share/misc symlinked to /etc) and termcap.db (in /usr/share/misc). First check that those are present. There's also /etc/termcap.small. In order to rebuild the termcap database after a change, use the cap_mkdb program; see "man cap_mkdb" for usage, but something like this should work: # cd /usr/share/misc # cap_mkdb -f termcap.db termcap Also check "man 5 termcap" for details. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 11:30:24 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 45C6825DBE6 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 11:30:24 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from luciano@vespaperitivo.it) Received: from baobab.bilink.net (baobab.bilink.net [212.45.144.44]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48Sr7b6bMKz47qh for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 11:30:19 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from luciano@vespaperitivo.it) Received: from baobab.bilink.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by baobab.bilink.it (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48Sr7Y00H1z1ftWd for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 12:30:17 +0100 (CET) Received: from hermes.mcs.it (hermes.mcs.it [192.168.132.21]) by baobab.bilink.it (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48Sr7X6M0Lz1ftWZ for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 12:30:16 +0100 (CET) Received: from mordeus (unknown [192.168.45.6]) by hermes.mcs.it (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6C524D5CC0 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 12:30:16 +0100 (CET) Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 12:30:06 +0100 From: Luciano Mannucci To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer X-Mailer: Claws Mail 3.17.4 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) X-Face: 4qPv4GNcD; h<7Q/sK>+GqF4=CR@KmnPkSmwd+#%\F`4yjKO3"C]p'z=(oWRnsYBQGM\5g:4skqQY0NnV'dM:Mm:^/_+I@a"; [-s=ogufdF"9ggQ'=y MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Message-Id: <48Sr7X6M0Lz1ftWZ@baobab.bilink.it> X-Virus-Scanned: PippoLillo, ClamAV using ClamSMTP X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Sr7b6bMKz47qh X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of luciano@vespaperitivo.it designates 212.45.144.44 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=luciano@vespaperitivo.it X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-5.01 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:212.45.144.0/24]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[vespaperitivo.it]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[44.144.45.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8816, ipnet:212.45.128.0/19, country:IT]; IP_SCORE(-2.81)[ip: (-8.07), ipnet: 212.45.128.0/19(-4.03), asn: 8816(-1.96), country: IT(0.03)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 11:30:24 -0000 Hello everybody! Since my last upgrade (to 11.3-RELASE-p6) I've noticed some messages in the daily security report of one of my PPC 64 virtual servers, that runs under KVM/Qemu, which says: Feb 26 20:17:53 Saguaro kernel: swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer: bufobj: 0, blkno: 1698063, size: 20480 (numbers vary, of course) It happens only under heavy IO. I can reproduce this by launching a backup (I use bacula). I moved the swap to cooked files, just in case it was a hardware problem, which gave me only more messages of this kind. I know that the handbook recommends to check hardware & cables, but being on a virtual machine makes it a bit nonsensical. The machine does'nt lack ram, it has 8 CPUs and 8 Gigabytes of ram. This is vmstat: procs memory page disks faults cpu r b w avm fre flt re pi po fr sr md99 md98 in sy cs us sy id 0 0 0 14G 1.2G 687 8 1 0 747 951 0 0 0 1622 704 3 1 95 and swapinfo says: Device 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity /dev/md99 2097152 420564 1676588 20% /dev/md98 2097152 419352 1677800 20% Total 4194304 839916 3354388 20% Is there something I should check? Any kernel variables tunable via sysctl? Thanks for any answer, Luciano. -- /"\ /Via A. Salaino, 7 - 20144 Milano (Italy) \ / ASCII RIBBON CAMPAIGN / PHONE : +39 2 485781 FAX: +39 2 48578250 X AGAINST HTML MAIL / E-MAIL: posthamster@sublink.sublink.ORG / \ AND POSTINGS / WWW: http://www.lesassaie.IT/ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 15:07:09 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 558982440B4 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:07:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: from mail-qk1-x72d.google.com (mail-qk1-x72d.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::72d]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Swxk0dMSz4c3s for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:07:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: by mail-qk1-x72d.google.com with SMTP id f3so3435734qkh.3 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 07:07:05 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=5oxR/87qkdccnSQuubthLl1wweIqqGjJJ4KI9fbnAv4=; b=1fJxCChrc6AJBhuHp0rxcn1lS6motlMjtRnKcUDZbKesUH3bPdD1UGN6wGzKSoxP+n Ai7BfXeo0kN+tbiPTAHSRdWfcvmn35BVG3itIJsm1AbgBXYrfhRiHez16vt1+KkWauyx IQPhwKNF4ZjSXrMcVz080VDMZWP7ZPStIjYsCOeVm7R1Tls0lmuTTmb2BS1gVIvrbuBp 7tvqaOMxI20ot99MRHR3QzGQUxj5n/S7NgZIivVpnZY91mQuPFVZeq9HGaRGXWBp+rtC 7L3w1WooHgKG1C38ZJpv20VgloLrlAs5r7wRR36XkQBcHsCXdp7oYnp9kcTbXuCCm4MD XgLw== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=5oxR/87qkdccnSQuubthLl1wweIqqGjJJ4KI9fbnAv4=; b=WYZxeIiXtQ+vekS9HM0thX63wjns1Upkdy/YJDqqlIT5wOTxqgbp4+gCR5lZAc3877 yPQA3tHbopF5HDrzA0UjgdY3hQ7QwYw/f8EkRt2ZcyxQA0pNne8RuI2iWAoYdDazk1gh 0ysfKf053tL5ohvmOF44ogoCuKvCkQhx1whJF+dtsvKwtyH6pXYI5Kr4VO/9JpaGfzZH V1FHoxsUKcSmXp9gmBjhRP9AvfsAlsy8Ta/EUuIerVqkmQuOJp3fbF9GXyAudY2EdZp4 koipo4iQDwaW3er50UdP1HjSowO432fiAEVQ2QgOLT/UQkkagJe0VH4zeZC1ERcfK6zR kWjA== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAV3u3LYep5U5gE23/SlkXFHO8MHqu6WWJ6kE4DRHrSo/7vAIwYf 4lJ1iStN4FsGv8743ojAXgFVm5s+2NQ= X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqxr6dmaRRjGVPGn+XLjqyh4RH46pxsqCeTN/77IxC+qro/FgMWGSzr9MdzO0+OZb2OsmVRAzA== X-Received: by 2002:a05:620a:222d:: with SMTP id n13mr6678443qkh.268.1582816022745; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 07:07:02 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-qk1-f174.google.com (mail-qk1-f174.google.com. [209.85.222.174]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id x44sm1615426qtc.88.2020.02.27.07.07.00 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Thu, 27 Feb 2020 07:07:01 -0800 (PST) Received: by mail-qk1-f174.google.com with SMTP id m9so3423574qke.4 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 07:07:00 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 2002:a05:620a:c11:: with SMTP id l17mr6117048qki.53.1582816020480; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 07:07:00 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: Jov Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:06:48 +0800 X-Gmail-Original-Message-ID: Message-ID: Subject: Re: pfctl Recursive in anchor broken(DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument)? To: Kristof Provost Cc: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Swxk0dMSz4c3s X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=1fJxCChr; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed)" header.from=amutu.com (policy=none); spf=softfail (mx1.freebsd.org: 2607:f8b0:4864:20::72d is neither permitted nor denied by domain of amutu@amutu.com) smtp.mailfrom=amutu@amutu.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.77 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; R_SPF_SOFTFAIL(0.00)[~all]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[d.2.7.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(-2.57)[ip: (-9.24), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[amutu.com : No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed), none] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:07:09 -0000 uname -a FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE #0 r335510: Fri Jun 22 04:32:14 UTC 2018 root@releng2.nyi.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 I know that 11.2-R is EOL and I have run freebsd-update to upgrade to 12.1=EF=BC=8Cbut have not reboot,so the new kernel is not take effect. freebsd-version -ku 12.1-RELEASE-p1 11.2-RELEASE-p2 Kristof Provost =E4=BA=8E2020=E5=B9=B42=E6=9C=8827=E6= =97=A5=E5=91=A8=E5=9B=9B =E4=B8=8B=E5=8D=8810:56=E5=86=99=E9=81=93=EF=BC=9A > On 26 Feb 2020, at 15:23, Jov wrote: > > hi hackers, > > I use fail2ban today and find pfctl recursive anchor do not work, it > report > > nothing(pfctl -a 'f2b/*' -sr) or get all main rule and a warning(pfctl = -a > > '*' -sr,get DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument). > > What version of FreeBSD are you running? > > Regards, > Kristof > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 15:08:12 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 53688244147 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:08:12 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kp@FreeBSD.org) Received: from smtp.freebsd.org (smtp.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::24b:4]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.freebsd.org", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Swyz4jyJz4dDZ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:08:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kp@FreeBSD.org) Received: from venus.codepro.be (venus.codepro.be [5.9.86.228]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "mx1.codepro.be", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (verified OK)) (Authenticated sender: kp) by smtp.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 995AD150BF; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:08:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kp@FreeBSD.org) Received: from [10.10.132.4] (ptr-8rg5e4hmih1kuez4oyi.18120a2.ip6.access.telenet.be [IPv6:2a02:1811:2408:6002:cc40:f116:efff:325a]) (Authenticated sender: kp) by venus.codepro.be (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 1D147C7FA; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:08:09 +0100 (CET) From: "Kristof Provost" To: Jov Cc: "FreeBSD Mailing List" Subject: Re: pfctl Recursive in anchor broken(DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument)? Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:08:08 +0100 X-Mailer: MailMate (1.13.1r5671) Message-ID: In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:08:12 -0000 On 27 Feb 2020, at 16:06, Jov wrote: > uname -a > FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE #0 r335510: Fri Jun 22 04:32:14 > UTC 2018 root@releng2.nyi.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC > amd64 > > I know that 11.2-R is EOL and I have run freebsd-update to upgrade to > 12.1，but have not reboot,so the new kernel is not take effect. > > freebsd-version -ku > 12.1-RELEASE-p1 > 11.2-RELEASE-p2 > Let’s re-test after you’ve completed the upgrade then. Best regards, Kristof From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 15:46:44 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 048842458C6 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:46:44 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from relay1-d.mail.gandi.net (relay1-d.mail.gandi.net [217.70.183.193]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48SxqP0bpgz4FGL for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:46:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from webmail.gandi.net (webmail17.sd4.0x35.net [10.200.201.17]) (Authenticated sender: ml@yanthiery.me) by relay1-d.mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 0835E240007; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:46:37 +0000 (UTC) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:46:37 +0100 From: "Rollniak (Yan)" To: Polytropon Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: how to install Terminfo In-Reply-To: <20200226205419.2a03aba9.freebsd@edvax.de> References: <401b71aab6262e5009a10912eaeea94e@yanthiery.me> <20200226205419.2a03aba9.freebsd@edvax.de> Message-ID: <8eb58a6eb8ba868e5925074cf7c5295a@yanthiery.me> X-Sender: freebsd@yanthiery.me User-Agent: Roundcube Webmail/1.3.8 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48SxqP0bpgz4FGL X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@yanthiery.me designates 217.70.183.193 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@yanthiery.me X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.58 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:217.70.183.192/28]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[yanthiery.me]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[193.183.70.217.rep.mailspike.net : 127.0.0.18]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(-1.18)[ip: (-3.04), ipnet: 217.70.176.0/20(-1.58), asn: 29169(-1.29), country: FR(0.00)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[193.183.70.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:29169, ipnet:217.70.176.0/20, country:FR]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:46:44 -0000 Hello Polytropon, Thanks to take time for this. > Does it implement something specific that is not covered > by standard terminal capabilities? What does > > # echo $TERM > > report? > From my OpenSuSe client with alacritty to my FreeBSD server via SSH: $ echo $TERM alacritty Apparently some capability are unknown : sudo infotocap alacritty.info "alacritty.info", line 17, col 8, terminal 'alacritty-direct': unknown capability 'RGB' "alacritty.info", line 27, col 43, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'AX' "alacritty.info", line 27, col 47, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'XT' "alacritty.info", line 54, col 41, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'E3' "alacritty.info", line 66, col 16, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'rmxx' "alacritty.info", line 66, col 28, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'smxx' "alacritty.info", line 88, col 16, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN' "alacritty.info", line 88, col 30, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN3' "alacritty.info", line 88, col 44, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN4' "alacritty.info", line 88, col 58, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN5' "alacritty.info", line 89, col 17, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN6' "alacritty.info", line 89, col 31, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDN7' "alacritty.info", line 89, col 46, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kLFT3' "alacritty.info", line 89, col 61, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kLFT4' "alacritty.info", line 90, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kLFT5' "alacritty.info", line 90, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kLFT6' "alacritty.info", line 90, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kLFT7' "alacritty.info", line 91, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kRIT3' "alacritty.info", line 91, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kRIT4' "alacritty.info", line 91, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kRIT5' "alacritty.info", line 92, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kRIT6' "alacritty.info", line 92, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kRIT7' "alacritty.info", line 92, col 46, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP' "alacritty.info", line 92, col 60, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP3' "alacritty.info", line 93, col 17, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP4' "alacritty.info", line 93, col 31, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP5' "alacritty.info", line 93, col 45, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP6' "alacritty.info", line 93, col 59, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kUP7' "alacritty.info", line 96, col 28, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDC3' "alacritty.info", line 96, col 42, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDC4' "alacritty.info", line 96, col 56, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDC5' "alacritty.info", line 97, col 17, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDC6' "alacritty.info", line 97, col 31, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kDC7' "alacritty.info", line 97, col 46, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kEND3' "alacritty.info", line 97, col 61, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kEND4' "alacritty.info", line 98, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kEND5' "alacritty.info", line 98, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kEND6' "alacritty.info", line 98, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kEND7' "alacritty.info", line 99, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kHOM3' "alacritty.info", line 99, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kHOM4' "alacritty.info", line 99, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kHOM5' "alacritty.info", line 100, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kHOM6' "alacritty.info", line 100, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kHOM7' "alacritty.info", line 100, col 47, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kIC3' "alacritty.info", line 100, col 61, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kIC4' "alacritty.info", line 101, col 17, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kIC5' "alacritty.info", line 101, col 31, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kIC6' "alacritty.info", line 101, col 45, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kIC7' "alacritty.info", line 101, col 60, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kNXT3' "alacritty.info", line 102, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kNXT4' "alacritty.info", line 102, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kNXT5' "alacritty.info", line 102, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kNXT6' "alacritty.info", line 103, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kNXT7' "alacritty.info", line 103, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kPRV3' "alacritty.info", line 103, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kPRV4' "alacritty.info", line 104, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kPRV5' "alacritty.info", line 104, col 33, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kPRV6' "alacritty.info", line 104, col 48, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'kPRV7' "alacritty.info", line 106, col 18, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'Cr' "alacritty.info", line 106, col 38, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'Cs' "alacritty.info", line 107, col 29, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'Ms' "alacritty.info", line 107, col 40, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'Se' "alacritty.info", line 107, col 55, terminal 'alacritty+common': unknown capability 'Ss' *the output in `/usr/share/misc/termcap` is :* alacritty|alacritty terminal emulator:\ :cc:\ :Co#256:pa#32767:\ :AB=\E[48;5;%dm:AF=\E[38;5;%dm:\ :..Ic=\E]4;%p1%d;rgb\:%p2%{255}%*%{1000}%/%2.2X/%p3%{255}%*%{1000}%/%2.2X/%p4%{255}%*%{1000}%/%2.2X\E\\:\ :Sb@:Sf@:oc=\E]104\007:r1=\Ec\E]104\007:\ :tc=alacritty+common: alacritty-direct|alacritty with direct color indexing:\ :Co#16777216:pa#32767:\ :..AB=\E[%?%p1%{8}%<%t4%p1%d%e48;2;%p1%{65536}%/%d;%p1%{256}%/%{255}%&%d;%p1%{255}%&%d%;m:\ :..AF=\E[%?%p1%{8}%<%t3%p1%d%e38;2;%p1%{65536}%/%d;%p1%{256}%/%{255}%&%d;%p1%{255}%&%d%;m:\ :Ic@:Sb@:Sf@:op=\E[39;49m:tc=alacritty+common: # (untranslatable capabilities removed to fit entry within 1023 bytes) # (sgr removed to fit entry within 1023 bytes) # (acsc removed to fit entry within 1023 bytes) # (terminfo-only capabilities suppressed to fit entry within 1023 bytes) alacritty+common|base fragment for alacritty:\ :am:bs:hs:km:mi:ms:xn:\ :co#80:it#8:li#24:\ :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ :K2=\EOE:LE=\E[%dD:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:\ :UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:as=\E(0:bl=^G:bt=\E[Z:cd=\E[J:\ :ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=\r:\ :cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:dl=\E[M:do=\n:\ :ds=\E]2;\007:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:fs=^G:ho=\E[H:im=\E[4h:\ :is=\E[!p\E[?3;4l\E[4l\E>:k1=\EOP:k2=\EOQ:k3=\EOR:\ :k4=\EOS:k5=\E[15~:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:\ :k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:\ :kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:kh=\EOH:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:\ :ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[0m:\ :mh=\E[2m:mm=\E[?1034h:mo=\E[?1034l:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:\ :rc=\E8:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=\n:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ :te=\E[?1049l\E[23;0;0t:ti=\E[?1049h\E[22;0;0t:\ :ts=\E]2;:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:\ :ve=\E[?12l\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:vs=\E[?12;25h: > FreeBSD uses termcap (from /usr/share/misc symlinked to > /etc) and termcap.db (in /usr/share/misc). First check > that those are present. There's also /etc/termcap.small. $ ls -l /etc/termcap* lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 23 Nov 1 05:32 /etc/termcap -> /usr/share/misc/termcap -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12297 Nov 1 05:32 /etc/termcap.small $ ls -l /usr/share/misc/termcap* -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 214191 Feb 27 11:47 /usr/share/misc/termcap -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 1347584 Feb 27 14:15 /usr/share/misc/termcap.db Appparently everything is here. > In order to rebuild the termcap database after a change, > use the cap_mkdb program; see "man cap_mkdb" for usage, > but something like this should work: > > # cd /usr/share/misc > # cap_mkdb -f termcap.db termcap > > Also check "man 5 termcap" for details. So because i have append new line with `infotocap` command line. I deleted manually all line about alacritty in `/usr/share/misc/termcap`. All line was after '# END OF TERMCAP` comment: I don't understand why, as root, i was able to successfull redirect a stream form infotocap to `/usr/share/misc/termcap` (the file is on read only for everyone), but i needed to add `write` permission to delete them. # cd /usr/share/misc # cap_mkdb -f termcap termcap #if i add .db the output is termcap.db.db Now i'm come back at starting point : $ tmux open terminal failed: can't find terminfo database $ vi vi: No terminal database found I need to convert a terminfo, without knowing how to do it preperly. :$ I only have a terminfo : https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alacritty/alacritty/master/extra/alacritty.info How to import can i import this info file to termcap ? Best regards, -- Rollniak (Yan) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 19:21:22 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2DE0B24B952 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 19:21:22 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from relay12.mail.gandi.net (relay12.mail.gandi.net [217.70.178.232]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48T2b33M2Kz3H8Q for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 19:21:19 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@yanthiery.me) Received: from webmail.gandi.net (webmail23.sd4.0x35.net [10.200.201.23]) (Authenticated sender: ml@yanthiery.me) by relay12.mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id A15E7200005 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 19:21:11 +0000 (UTC) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:21:11 +0100 From: "Rollniak (Yan)" To: Freebsd Questions Subject: Re: how to install Terminfo In-Reply-To: <8eb58a6eb8ba868e5925074cf7c5295a@yanthiery.me> References: <401b71aab6262e5009a10912eaeea94e@yanthiery.me> <20200226205419.2a03aba9.freebsd@edvax.de> <8eb58a6eb8ba868e5925074cf7c5295a@yanthiery.me> Message-ID: X-Sender: freebsd@yanthiery.me User-Agent: Roundcube Webmail/1.3.8 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48T2b33M2Kz3H8Q X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@yanthiery.me designates 217.70.178.232 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@yanthiery.me X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.55 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:217.70.178.192/26]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[yanthiery.me]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(-1.15)[ip: (-2.86), ipnet: 217.70.176.0/20(-1.58), asn: 29169(-1.29), country: FR(0.00)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[232.178.70.217.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.1]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:29169, ipnet:217.70.176.0/20, country:FR]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 19:21:22 -0000 I found a work around on internet, that doesn't fix the problem with termcap anyway. Here a little overview: I use Alacritty on a OpeSUSE machine, i have fresh installed a FreeBSD. Im my first ty to use my FreeBSD server i get this kind of messages : $ tmux open terminal failed: can't find terminfo database $ vi vi: No terminal database found I have tried to import the alacritty terminfo ( https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alacritty/alacritty/master/extra/alacritty.info ). $ echo $TERM alacritty $ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alacritty/alacritty/master/extra/alacritty.info $ infotocap alacritty.info >> /usr/share/misc/termcap $ cd /usr/share/misc/ $ cap_mkdb -f terminfo terminfo $ date $ ls -l terminfo.db # check of the last mofification Then i logged out and logged in but nothing changes. so this part still doesn't work... The workaround is to set TERM as xterm-256color is the .shrc on FreeBSD. I'm not reallly happy with that. if you have some idea to get this fix done with termcap. :) > I don't understand why, as root, i was able to successfull redirect a > stream form infotocap to `/usr/share/misc/termcap` (the file is on > read only for everyone), but i needed to add `write` permission to > delete them. For this part it was the fact that vi check permission and i forget to use the exclamation mark in my command to write and exit. best regards -- Rollniak (Yan) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 20:04:39 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC8FC24CC2C for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:04:39 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dvoich@aim.com) Received: from sonic317-26.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com (sonic317-26.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com [74.6.129.81]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48T3Y20Hxpz40s5 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:04:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dvoich@aim.com) X-YMail-OSG: dt1wZz8VM1lnlyd05jY1cMHqQP3eEs97CnI2NnRqFlNkRBDE6zPZqkZYmwKdqxy cyzFs8S4wayEOi8P8h2L7I_hR7jqHUaYuQXLw9vDgFfCw7LL3uOZsH9rUyS9RKhMluUFfJFYBIoQ 4_zBPSCKXFI_8KZBXBuSIJaC2JMl3pUjQiOEhBT3sODuXz0vF2A4xsMSL8fbfHNsx7o7pKB5cp41 Sx_Cr0aL6iJBwdHCrREbFFabIqV_h44wEbQ7ZoDR0lIyaibuXb.t8z.k8yut4S73u2401RNBB_8i 5Dplb__YektYqhYArSLp1bdOuEWMaRl2UeRNxfabn_VrQ5PRqUCjiag3RqaJfxMiFk8QxdV2JJJ2 PIfBfGvBf3ET3sgtfPIESr7RWoL.cqmhTZCPP.qtSnytCGZzzC5tlgi.yFY_7D.myHATKiOuwOs2 Brwib4FGnaHiCTvrfaZZmCb_XSZ1K9zBi9nN3kFyrnsw5Bjvg.TTaEQhlVzTfPV50dXt66XVvvnh dEfeUN6SoovLeCzQqo3vVxhGXZF3sJv5EH7rzAGY9H5t7KHLcdvbMGH.Zj7P.Fory.CPryFbKoxB sUDtViv9SAtC2taw3FIX6_ZQGzwNyagkaqbBB.tM7fR_1taKubUUOAeOENOn6iYTJoiYcqtNeJQ8 QRE2SJal4Bp4..WaYPCU4v4Yh9.qJ7MuMMnX3d_eAALHB9bqIOmV.zns571fsSekrDQuBzxd7Gpa K5IzVdDZxnQ5IXjXgYwz15YMIqsdnBuLEZ0aOZVJIqbRZShP_sAS0Y26YotX6sI3pb0TQKAFSPLE 5hbSudH2245u82siQAfVHxA6h1VjL2_wJZjDpsuiot2CZ1xz6Cx35u2YBUfQhilDr6ehye6dIEtg nZk5klaDVNIY86GuNEYG_tl8S1AjAu4Pf1jhOcgRdVcvf7H5M5rQETxUEBuu0bf5IIJ3DcZT39RY 1ftmJbsi86qg1jTJMFu5_S5WrDwcdiU8XOE7e4npQVq0O725D0HZGiHige6azKJ7ROEH571iI0F_ NVI5bjknVVFnAyBUYhZlCqWhffc0ygZAy1hOipnUsTVE6f7K2cFHSYh98X8qNA8GjJNa5GObDC_T uTlOhlscBPjAPhnjH1yuqHKK6r.D7Hn4OywKVwcnQhr1sswM6GWEHJa2d2IMXw3lBFAIy2dXxZbN IIdVlH8obFroChLblxF7OO2mEqR.zb4am7cxerNGgmuunFEjVX1nJpyPzrFwdj5vC1KZ0whL.iF_ 81rXPBPkRBnjDqGodDVYU.4wDJsOH24mgPq_Q1_CGjXoEnlYDDBdIh1_8NbkvEDKs7mEXpI2ua8. GxLTRmr95P84_PggnxrpziIYqMNBntJCpYWi.Dg-- Received: from sonic.gate.mail.ne1.yahoo.com by sonic317.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com with HTTP; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:04:36 +0000 Received: by smtp411.mail.bf1.yahoo.com (Oath Hermes SMTP Server) with ESMTPA ID affd87b26354e6f1edc09d221ba2df77; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:04:35 +0000 (UTC) Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 15:04:35 -0500 From: "Vlad D.Markov" To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: No mouse or keyboard with Xorg Message-ID: <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5@grumpy.dwarf7.net> Mail-Followup-To: "Vlad D.Markov" , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline User-Agent: NeoMutt/20170113 (1.7.2) References: <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5.ref@grumpy.dwarf7.net> X-Mailer: WebService/1.1.15302 hermes Apache-HttpAsyncClient/4.1.4 (Java/1.8.0_241) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48T3Y20Hxpz40s5 X-Spamd-Bar: -- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.61 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.63)[-0.626,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[aim.com:s=a2048]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:74.6.128.0/21]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[aim.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.98)[-0.980,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[aim.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[aim.com,reject]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[81.129.6.74.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (3.44), ipnet: 74.6.128.0/21(1.30), asn: 26101(1.04), country: US(-0.05)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[aim.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:26101, ipnet:74.6.128.0/21, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 20:04:39 -0000 I use startx to start Xorg. The window manager (fluxbox) comes up and looks good BUT I have no mouse. The cursor is stuck in the middle of the screen. This started happening immediately after I updated xorg-server. Before the update I had no issues. uname: FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 Xorg Version: X.Org X Server 1.20.7 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Build Operating System: FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 amd64 Current Operating System: FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 Build Date: 21 February 2020 05:05:56PM Current version of pixman: 0.38.4 Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. The log where the problem is reported: [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: probing input devices... [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device atkbd0 [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System keyboard multiplexer , bustype=0006, vendor=0000, product=0000, version=0000 [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event0 [ 186.068] (**) System keyboard multiplexer: Applying InputClass "Evdev keyboa rd" [ 186.068] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. [ 186.068] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. [ 186.068] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event0 [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System mouse, bustype=0006, vendor=0000, product=0000, version=0000 [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event1 [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event1 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: AT keyboard, bustype=0011, vendor=0001, product=0001, version=0000 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event2 [ 186.069] (**) AT keyboard: Applying InputClass "Evdev keyboard" [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event2 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: Generic PS/2 mouse, bustype=0011, vendor=0002, product=0001, version=0000 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event3 [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event3 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device kbdmux0 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device psm0 [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device sysmouse [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): EDID vendor "LPL", prod id 307 [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Printing DDC gathered Modelines: [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Modeline "1280x800"x0.0 69.30 1280 1328 1360 1405 800 803 809 822 -hsync -vsync (49.3 kHz eP) [ 251.161] (II) config/devd: terminating backend... [ 251.692] (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file. Thanks, Vlad From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Feb 27 22:15:20 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 642EE2511EB for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:15:20 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rwmaillists@googlemail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x429.google.com (mail-wr1-x429.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::429]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48T6Rn3qXGz4DcK for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:15:17 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rwmaillists@googlemail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x429.google.com with SMTP id l5so730049wrx.4 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:15:17 -0800 (PST) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:date:from:to:subject:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=wxGO3lImkXvFpgQ3SmCGKUcJSjKHRV24jt7C0O4IhsU=; b=trzo3iIhAk+ShW2yGt0r9ogXV78Hb/GBcZC5DSo4p4xOX3fwtTcr1aCRamgpTEcCJB 5mvRJRGirRxleH47uNibj8m0ca1gYfTzXGw0asaRXE/9CUf3kKZBCzGrl4dukU+d8DYM 5sfH9JlB7+/sPsLZ6D9G/CazUh8R0sXq0EaAaPQj+mRnImZGAnuDp5sRlp3txUDLzzWV kLHT3kTGM10yK4sFxdQR1e5DC9HOPfKzXsV7e9slCBlPMKevxG3iWiukyRfBUDfVcC2L k8Kn1jnckpPNXCbA3f3VYpGrSV4ppTbtlsGQ6pUtNl0qMmyV0pQfIkSBx2pTg+w/q9O0 RvJQ== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWrbPXn5/XMtA9sxP+ysdaU0VavwXXHYZCaM/q+t9SJJmrzZGJ5 eLwS0pW1Go6v7CfXOsouPPZs8rly X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqyGyX/DHL+ujFK5R2Q1Nx5fgJ1KCxouBYTOtwFSHMp1gsSdltMCNjRchPHRpAGov8xZd1KUBA== X-Received: by 2002:adf:e949:: with SMTP id m9mr1050446wrn.342.1582841714324; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:15:14 -0800 (PST) Received: from gumby.homeunix.com ([2.221.19.106]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id z14sm9621700wru.31.2020.02.27.14.15.12 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:15:13 -0800 (PST) Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:15:11 +0000 From: RW To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: pf usage Message-ID: <20200227221511.641d9d91@gumby.homeunix.com> In-Reply-To: References: X-Mailer: Claws Mail 3.17.4 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48T6Rn3qXGz4DcK X-Spamd-Bar: -- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[googlemail.com]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[googlemail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[googlemail.com,quarantine]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[106.19.221.2.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.10]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[googlemail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[googlemail.com.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[googlemail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (-9.38), ipnet: 2a00:1450::/32(-2.41), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[9.2.4.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.5.4.1.0.0.a.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:15:20 -0000 On Wed, 26 Feb 2020 02:55:15 -0800 Doug Hardie wrote: > I just learned something quite unexpected about pf. Some time ago, > the rules had to include "state" to have pf track state. However, > later pf was changed to always assume "state" thus reducing the > typing of the rules. The description of that change made me believe > that the change was in pf. On one of my systems with two NICs and > two different internet providers, I was using pftop to track usage. > The only states I saw were for just one network. The other one never > showed any states, but the packets were delivered properly. > > I discovered that pf has to have a rule for each interface. I used > "pass all" for the interface that needed no other rules. The change > apparently was made to pfctl not pf. So the one interface had no > rules, and hence there was nothing to tell pf to track state. If your concern is to do with efficiency, there may an optimization there. It's possible that pfctl sets a flag on interfaces that aren't affected by the rule set, so that traffic can pass with low overheads and without creating unnecessary state entries. I've no idea whether this is correct, it's just speculation. But if it is then forcing state entries would be counterproductive. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 00:16:50 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2F345253EDB for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:16:50 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from mail.sermon-archive.info (sermon-archive.info [71.177.216.148]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48T980281fz4c3n for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:16:47 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from [10.0.1.251] (mini [10.0.1.251]) by mail.sermon-archive.info (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 48T97y6G4Xz2fjRl; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:16:46 -0800 (PST) From: Doug Hardie Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 12.4 \(3445.104.11\)) Subject: Re: pf usage Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:16:46 -0800 References: <20200227221511.641d9d91@gumby.homeunix.com> To: RW , RW via freebsd-questions In-Reply-To: <20200227221511.641d9d91@gumby.homeunix.com> Message-Id: <24691027-DA63-4C4B-B851-4C5B3CE2336F@mail.sermon-archive.info> X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3445.104.11) X-Virus-Scanned: clamav-milter 0.101.4 at mail X-Virus-Status: Clean X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48T980281fz4c3n X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info designates 71.177.216.148 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.10 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.75)[-0.747,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:71.177.216.148]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; IP_SCORE(0.03)[asn: 5650(0.20), country: US(-0.05)]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.98)[-0.981,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[148.216.177.71.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; FREEMAIL_TO(0.00)[googlemail.com]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:5650, ipnet:71.177.216.0/23, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:16:50 -0000 > On 27 February 2020, at 14:15, RW via freebsd-questions = wrote: >=20 > On Wed, 26 Feb 2020 02:55:15 -0800 > Doug Hardie wrote: >=20 >> I just learned something quite unexpected about pf. Some time ago, >> the rules had to include "state" to have pf track state. However, >> later pf was changed to always assume "state" thus reducing the >> typing of the rules. The description of that change made me believe >> that the change was in pf. On one of my systems with two NICs and >> two different internet providers, I was using pftop to track usage. >> The only states I saw were for just one network. The other one never >> showed any states, but the packets were delivered properly. >>=20 >> I discovered that pf has to have a rule for each interface. I used >> "pass all" for the interface that needed no other rules. The change >> apparently was made to pfctl not pf. So the one interface had no >> rules, and hence there was nothing to tell pf to track state. >=20 > If your concern is to do with efficiency, there may an optimization > there. It's possible that pfctl sets a flag on interfaces that aren't > affected by the rule set, so that traffic can pass with low overheads > and without creating unnecessary state entries. >=20 > I've no idea whether this is correct, it's just speculation. But if it > is then forcing state entries would be counterproductive.=20 In this case, the volume of traffic is quite low. I am much more = concerned about monitoring the connections than in efficiency. I = suspect, though, that your speculation is correct. -- Doug From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 00:34:19 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BFE83254A6B for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:34:19 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from mail.sermon-archive.info (sermon-archive.info [71.177.216.148]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48T9XB3hKpz3QhT for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:34:18 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from [10.0.1.251] (mini [10.0.1.251]) by mail.sermon-archive.info (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 48T9X96Mmgz2fjRM for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:34:17 -0800 (PST) From: Doug Hardie Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 12.4 \(3445.104.11\)) Subject: DNS resolution Message-Id: <93893C00-93BD-4C71-943E-8751DF2854FE@mail.sermon-archive.info> Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 16:34:17 -0800 To: FreeBSD X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3445.104.11) X-Virus-Scanned: clamav-milter 0.101.4 at mail X-Virus-Status: Clean X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48T9XB3hKpz3QhT X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info designates 71.177.216.148 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.02 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.66)[-0.657,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:71.177.216.148:c]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.99)[-0.995,0]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; IP_SCORE(0.03)[asn: 5650(0.20), country: US(-0.05)]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[148.216.177.71.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:5650, ipnet:71.177.216.0/23, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:34:19 -0000 I have encountered an inconsistent result in DNS resolution that I am = unable to explain. The situation is three servers with completely = different IP addresses on three different internet connections. All = three are via different companies. In the DNS records for the domain I = have an A record for each server with the name A.domain, B.domain, and = C.domain. Each points to the appropriate IP address. The name = www.domain (and also just domain) have 3 A records: one for each of the = 3 servers. The goal is to have a fail over such that A is the primary = server, and if it fails, then try B, and finally C. Load balancing is = not desirable because the web transactions require numerous exchanges = and need to all use the same server. On Frontier, Spectrum, and Charter connections, host www.domain lists = the 3 servers in the order they are defined in the DNS records. Every = time I run host I get the same result. However, there is one PC running = windows 10 that connects via the charter supplied modem and is = configured for DNS at the modem address that gets the addresses in = random order. It appears to be trying to do load balancing. When I use = Charter's official DNS servers, I don't see that. But if I use the = modem then even FreeBSD 11.1 gets the random results. The spectrum interface has the same issue. The official DNS servers are = consistent, the modem as a DNS server is random. I thought the TTL for = the domain would be honored by the DNS servers. That doesn't always = appear to be the case, or the modem DNS servers are rotating their = responses from their cache. However, shouldn't the client computers = cache the DNS response? Windows does not appear to be doing that. -- Doug From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 00:59:00 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1038C2552D8 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:59:00 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from acupuncture@cgocable.ca) Received: from mail8130c14.megamailservers.com (mail8130c14.megamailservers.com [66.226.81.30]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48TB4d6nM5z3Px8 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:58:57 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from acupuncture@cgocable.ca) Received: from localhost.localdomain (unknown [75.152.75.166]) by mail8130c14.megamailservers.com (mail8130c14) with ESMTPA id 14A779213642C for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 19:58:53 -0500 (EST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=cgocable.ca; s=email; t=1582851535; bh=p3klpLm4XjYHf2IVGNDytAPsAE3GN6uIe+k6JmdIxzs=; h=Subject:To:References:From:Date:In-Reply-To:From; b=Cb1c4DXFbCLS+MvY2aCdPyzJwY0qGsA3wxH8bFWFFn20U0ctH6tCriaas5f4EPnCP Q9Y1Oa2DqBIjzr4L60q/juIDaktykh+kdQ4zgJHnBA4bsLxVpCt2/XPqJGvtBQqxnk B1TXhQTr+JaLL0ZamRE1qCXHrXopN06ddCNKWSV0= Feedback-ID: acupuncture@cgo Subject: Re: No mouse or keyboard with Xorg To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5.ref@grumpy.dwarf7.net> <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5@grumpy.dwarf7.net> From: Schmitt Autocrypt: addr=acupuncture@cgocable.ca; keydata= mDMEXiiGeBYJKwYBBAHaRw8BAQdAPyB3GTMqIsq9w+Zy4JUVkj0oDd/8FsL7yaxw/EtfHDm0 IVNjaG1pdHQgPGFjdXB1bmN0dXJlQGNnb2NhYmxlLmNhPoiWBBMWCAA+FiEEDqIzE1z0WEDW rl//ljxJ1vnP0mcFAl4ohngCGwMFCQlmAYAFCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwECHgECF4AACgkQ ljxJ1vnP0mcs1gEAqmVaHRU7XfycPlBe1nP1r85c1/LShVQ5lsldJoKEWq0BAOegFUsNpy6T WrLSDGlnS6FH7hAGLSdaDI3dmM+0oM8KuDgEXiiGeBIKKwYBBAGXVQEFAQEHQD2AWk3ejkRp YM1A0VL7M0Xz6XkIqdOViZoyCoz6f01WAwEIB4h+BBgWCAAmFiEEDqIzE1z0WEDWrl//ljxJ 1vnP0mcFAl4ohngCGwwFCQlmAYAACgkQljxJ1vnP0mdN1AD+NMSmFUsy4IYvPBFkWv8Lf6NE WcyD8MvpV25o5BZqwY0BAIV1Seminb8Qidgt5NvSow/HR1x5KeAuHO8iKQ8yFhIH Organization: Fausse.Sceptique Message-ID: Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:57:13 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.3.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5@grumpy.dwarf7.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: fr Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-CSC: 0 X-CHA: v=2.3 cv=EJl4LGRC c=1 sm=1 tr=0 a=GiXLkeX6QkVM+LjaQFoPew==:117 a=GiXLkeX6QkVM+LjaQFoPew==:17 a=jpOVt7BSZ2e4Z31A5e1TngXxSK0=:19 a=IkcTkHD0fZMA:10 a=aR16PxjQAAAA:8 a=6I5d2MoRAAAA:8 a=DT5LUNkQz7iffC5D8KQA:9 a=QEXdDO2ut3YA:10 a=zbFvvTOBjyH4ze5LlUjX:22 a=IjZwj45LgO3ly-622nXo:22 X-CTCH-RefID: str=0001.0A02020C.5E5865CF.0018, ss=1, re=0.000, recu=0.000, reip=0.000, cl=1, cld=1, fgs=0 X-CTCH-VOD: Unknown X-CTCH-Spam: Unknown X-CTCH-Score: 0.000 X-CTCH-Rules: X-CTCH-Flags: 0 X-CTCH-ScoreCust: 0.000 X-Origin-Country: CA X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48TB4d6nM5z3Px8 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cgocable.ca header.s=email header.b=Cb1c4DXF; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of acupuncture@cgocable.ca designates 66.226.81.30 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=acupuncture@cgocable.ca X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.54 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cgocable.ca:s=email]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:66.226.81.0/24]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cgocable.ca]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cgocable.ca:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[30.81.226.66.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.99)[-0.986,0]; IP_SCORE(-0.05)[ipnet: 66.226.80.0/21(0.69), asn: 14116(-0.89), country: US(-0.05)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:14116, ipnet:66.226.80.0/21, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[cgocable.ca.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:59:00 -0000 Le 27/02/2020 à 15:04, Vlad D.Markov via freebsd-questions a écrit : > I use startx to start Xorg. The window manager (fluxbox) comes up and > looks good BUT I have no mouse. The cursor is stuck in the middle of the > screen. > > This started happening immediately after I updated xorg-server. Before the > update I had no issues. > > uname: > FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 > > Xorg Version: > X.Org X Server 1.20.7 > X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 > Build Operating System: FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 amd64 > Current Operating System: FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD > 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 > Build Date: 21 February 2020 05:05:56PM > > Current version of pixman: 0.38.4 > Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org > to make sure that you have the latest version. > > The log where the problem is reported: > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: probing input devices... > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > atkbd0 > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System keyboard > multiplexer > , bustype=0006, vendor=0000, product=0000, version=0000 > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event0 > [ 186.068] (**) System keyboard multiplexer: Applying InputClass "Evdev > keyboa > rd" > [ 186.068] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > [ 186.068] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. > [ 186.068] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event0 > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System mouse, > bustype=0006, > vendor=0000, product=0000, version=0000 > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event1 > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event1 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: AT keyboard, > bustype=0011, vendor=0001, product=0001, version=0000 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event2 > [ 186.069] (**) AT keyboard: Applying InputClass "Evdev keyboard" > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event2 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: Generic PS/2 mouse, > bustype=0011, vendor=0002, product=0001, version=0000 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event3 > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device file. > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event3 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > kbdmux0 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device psm0 > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > sysmouse > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): EDID vendor "LPL", prod id 307 > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Printing DDC gathered Modelines: > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Modeline "1280x800"x0.0 69.30 1280 1328 1360 > 1405 800 803 809 822 -hsync -vsync (49.3 kHz eP) > [ 251.161] (II) config/devd: terminating backend... > [ 251.692] (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file. > > Thanks, > > Vlad > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > Have you checked this? https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/new-xorg-switch-from-devd-to-udev.74144/#post-453355 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 06:25:19 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A30725B36C for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 06:25:19 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dewayne@heuristicsystems.com.au) Received: from hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au (hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au [203.41.22.115]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2560 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "hermes.heuristicsystems.com.au", Issuer "Heuristic Systems Type 4 Host CA" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48TKK91d4bz4NSm for ; 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TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_DKIM_ARC_DNSWL_MED(-0.50)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; HAS_XAW(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[heuristicsystems.com.au:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED(-0.20)[115.22.41.203.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.4.2]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[heuristicsystems.com.au]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; IP_SCORE(-3.27)[ip: (-9.72), ipnet: 203.40.0.0/13(-4.22), asn: 1221(-2.42), country: AU(0.01)]; ASN(0.00)[asn:1221, ipnet:203.40.0.0/13, country:AU]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 06:25:19 -0000 On 28/02/2020 11:34 am, Doug Hardie wrote: > I have encountered an inconsistent result in DNS resolution that I am unable to explain. The situation is three servers with completely different IP addresses on three different internet connections. All three are via different companies. In the DNS records for the domain I have an A record for each server with the name A.domain, B.domain, and C.domain. Each points to the appropriate IP address. The name www.domain (and also just domain) have 3 A records: one for each of the 3 servers. The goal is to have a fail over such that A is the primary server, and if it fails, then try B, and finally C. Load balancing is not desirable because the web transactions require numerous exchanges and need to all use the same server. > > On Frontier, Spectrum, and Charter connections, host www.domain lists the 3 servers in the order they are defined in the DNS records. Every time I run host I get the same result. However, there is one PC running windows 10 that connects via the charter supplied modem and is configured for DNS at the modem address that gets the addresses in random order. It appears to be trying to do load balancing. When I use Charter's official DNS servers, I don't see that. But if I use the modem then even FreeBSD 11.1 gets the random results. > > The spectrum interface has the same issue. The official DNS servers are consistent, the modem as a DNS server is random. I thought the TTL for the domain would be honored by the DNS servers. That doesn't always appear to be the case, or the modem DNS servers are rotating their responses from their cache. However, shouldn't the client computers cache the DNS response? Windows does not appear to be doing that. > > -- Doug > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > Yes, Windows boxes cache the results, to check, open cmd prompt ipconfig /displaydns I'd suggest that the modem isn't caching and rotating dns responses as expected. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 06:45:34 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F62E25B925 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 06:45:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from mail.sermon-archive.info (sermon-archive.info [71.177.216.148]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48TKmX44r6z3NlH for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 06:45:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info) Received: from [10.0.1.251] (mini [10.0.1.251]) by mail.sermon-archive.info (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 48TKmV4jZBz2fjRb; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:45:30 -0800 (PST) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 12.4 \(3445.104.11\)) Subject: Re: DNS resolution From: Doug Hardie In-Reply-To: <028a9ca5-b935-3de1-5edd-adb959c1116a@heuristicsystems.com.au> Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2020 22:45:30 -0800 Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: <16E91023-D8C4-4A40-9EBA-183443D610B2@mail.sermon-archive.info> References: <93893C00-93BD-4C71-943E-8751DF2854FE@mail.sermon-archive.info> <028a9ca5-b935-3de1-5edd-adb959c1116a@heuristicsystems.com.au> To: Dewayne Geraghty X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3445.104.11) X-Virus-Scanned: clamav-milter 0.101.4 at mail X-Virus-Status: Clean X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48TKmX44r6z3NlH X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info designates 71.177.216.148 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.09 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.74)[-0.737,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:71.177.216.148]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; IP_SCORE(0.03)[asn: 5650(0.20), country: US(-0.05)]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.98)[-0.979,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[148.216.177.71.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:5650, ipnet:71.177.216.0/23, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[bc979@lafn.org,SRS0=n/vY=4Q=mail.sermon-archive.info=doug@sermon-archive.info]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 06:45:34 -0000 > On 27 February 2020, at 22:22, Dewayne Geraghty = wrote: >=20 > On 28/02/2020 11:34 am, Doug Hardie wrote: >> I have encountered an inconsistent result in DNS resolution that I am = unable to explain. The situation is three servers with completely = different IP addresses on three different internet connections. All = three are via different companies. In the DNS records for the domain I = have an A record for each server with the name A.domain, B.domain, and = C.domain. Each points to the appropriate IP address. The name = www.domain (and also just domain) have 3 A records: one for each of the = 3 servers. The goal is to have a fail over such that A is the primary = server, and if it fails, then try B, and finally C. Load balancing is = not desirable because the web transactions require numerous exchanges = and need to all use the same server. >>=20 >> On Frontier, Spectrum, and Charter connections, host www.domain lists = the 3 servers in the order they are defined in the DNS records. Every = time I run host I get the same result. However, there is one PC running = windows 10 that connects via the charter supplied modem and is = configured for DNS at the modem address that gets the addresses in = random order. It appears to be trying to do load balancing. When I use = Charter's official DNS servers, I don't see that. But if I use the = modem then even FreeBSD 11.1 gets the random results. >>=20 >> The spectrum interface has the same issue. The official DNS servers = are consistent, the modem as a DNS server is random. I thought the TTL = for the domain would be honored by the DNS servers. That doesn't always = appear to be the case, or the modem DNS servers are rotating their = responses from their cache. However, shouldn't the client computers = cache the DNS response? Windows does not appear to be doing that. >>=20 >>=20 > Yes, Windows boxes cache the results, to check, open cmd prompt > ipconfig /displaydns >=20 > I'd suggest that the modem isn't caching and rotating dns responses as > expected. I can't see what DNS servers the modem is using, but I suspect they are = the "official" ones per the ISP. When I use those directly, there is no = rotating. When I go to the modem with either windows or FreeBSD then I = get rotation. I don't see where else the rotation could be occurring. =20= -- Doug From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 07:41:49 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C78EA25C789 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 07:41:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: from mail-qt1-x844.google.com (mail-qt1-x844.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::844]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48TM1S1p9pz44Xj for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 07:41:47 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from amutu@amutu.com) Received: by mail-qt1-x844.google.com with SMTP id j34so1385592qtk.4 for ; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:41:47 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=kmqEl7SOc9yfB99e9VOO+Qzaf1jpl7yU7RV6fLBhxiw=; b=SuBim+f8KCtWVuQHNr6txNp4QH/h4DbxY4YnV3uo4e+m11FaLRh1gxPXfd1dLgiEbw ooGhNUWBfdzeWvhUQbv3vAGiTVwNVEkNg4XLngFDztG2xnJOBhqWfEsTJJ5845Ltjgh9 XAStr5xg18PpooZAmkGGMJ/vimwNcPuwm00+M0j98nqyFeH/gwASj+YR+99iIuJPurDg MBeXTczd130fXWn01pte2asudOwyX0yREHIdvrFGaOm4Q6WM5rVilShCbGbCxMAfn7BC Lw2qVb9JQuHnCFfZAoIZjtINwZNWy9rYhKCbIwSX/ITnn9PRxPA3hG6cMFqs/9fJo2RB lcxg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=kmqEl7SOc9yfB99e9VOO+Qzaf1jpl7yU7RV6fLBhxiw=; b=DjpaAObY3qGUCtx1ZF4cjNSQT/d4ZoySCvNjuduBvlPu4iF9qSkWkrc5FbWPEQAeQO pzGYYW4QnMxALhl+M+FhQjsuqxvkIQJ8XF+G5gV2d9eljjMV6IWuONktCve+xPdMfA60 2GbEKiMRn0EmDqb4PoihJsbTG8ysdLtw7Dy7bHShhDlBEVBwaEsgiZlG52Y1TEG6NKnA WpEt5qWdrv9NWoS37K0fpOW4mRyslvoQ3thjKAzL2wGxWB/ojWwTSfuHm/Wu1yz6Uby/ rMmOHK8EH4iplITgiIXgQlwEOM52EktUi4Wsz3uPkO2yLSS/WWjFkUkjYAvX0DV9O4qB Tjhg== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAXL7TIET6k6RFbvfpL3/m+4scYRg9UA3SBVCcMpnWGANZBXO3uv WYX5O5MSMqXoK0ET2NzNrq3EBedl9yA= X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqyf4Cbovz3KGFT7vLiptkjrSqZAfdOR28Szslqr8sllr6SKvcJdnpoL6X59nqUW+tt5F4ijvg== X-Received: by 2002:ac8:4b7c:: with SMTP id g28mr3030001qts.180.1582875706798; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:41:46 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-qk1-f172.google.com (mail-qk1-f172.google.com. [209.85.222.172]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id x3sm4696873qts.35.2020.02.27.23.41.44 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:41:45 -0800 (PST) Received: by mail-qk1-f172.google.com with SMTP id 145so2147494qkl.2; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:41:44 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 2002:a05:620a:c11:: with SMTP id l17mr3314332qki.53.1582875704339; Thu, 27 Feb 2020 23:41:44 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: Jov Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:41:32 +0800 X-Gmail-Original-Message-ID: Message-ID: Subject: Re: pfctl Recursive in anchor broken(DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument)? To: Kristof Provost Cc: FreeBSD Mailing List Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="00000000000014d0d4059f9df8cc" X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48TM1S1p9pz44Xj X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=SuBim+f8; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed)" header.from=amutu.com (policy=none); spf=softfail (mx1.freebsd.org: 2607:f8b0:4864:20::844 is neither permitted nor denied by domain of amutu@amutu.com) smtp.mailfrom=amutu@amutu.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [0.18 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; HAS_ATTACHMENT(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/mixed,multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; R_SPF_SOFTFAIL(0.00)[~all]; MIME_BAD_ATTACHMENT(1.60)[sh]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[amutu-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[4.4.8.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.4.6.8.4.0.b.8.f.7.0.6.2.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; MIME_BASE64_TEXT(0.10)[]; IP_SCORE(-0.32)[ip: (2.00), ipnet: 2607:f8b0::/32(-1.88), asn: 15169(-1.67), country: US(-0.05)]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:+,3:~,4:~,5:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[amutu.com : No valid SPF, DKIM not aligned (relaxed), none] X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 07:41:49 -0000 --00000000000014d0d4059f9df8cc Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I reproduce this problem on my 12.1-R host=EF=BC=9A uname -a FreeBSD xx 12.1-RELEASE-p1 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p1 GENERIC amd64 sh -x ./reproduce.sh > + echo 'table persist counters' > + pfctl -a f2b/sshd -f- > + echo 'block quick proto tcp from to any' > + pfctl -a f2b/sshd -f- > + pfctl -a f2b/sshd -t f2b-sshd -T add 1.2.3.4 > 0/1 addresses added. > + pfctl -a f2b/sshd -sr -vvv > No ALTQ support in kernel > ALTQ related functions disabled > @0 block drop quick proto tcp from to any > [ Evaluations: 18 Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 States: = 0 > ] > [ Inserted: uid 0 pid 8842 State Creations: 0 ] > + pfctl -a '*' -sr -vvv > No ALTQ support in kernel > ALTQ related functions disabled > @0 anchor "*" all { > [ Evaluations: 14655 Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 States: = 0 > ] > [ Inserted: uid 0 pid 8167 State Creations: 0 ] > pfctl: DIOCGETRULES: Invalid argument > } > + pfctl -a 'f2b/*' -sr -vvv > No ALTQ support in kernel > ALTQ related functions disabled att pf.conf and reproduce.sh Thanks! Kristof Provost =E4=BA=8E2020=E5=B9=B42=E6=9C=8827=E6=97= =A5=E5=91=A8=E5=9B=9B =E4=B8=8B=E5=8D=8811:08=E5=86=99=E9=81=93=EF=BC=9A > On 27 Feb 2020, at 16:06, Jov wrote: > > uname -a > > FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE #0 r335510: Fri Jun 22 04:32:= 14 > > UTC 2018 root@releng2.nyi.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC > > amd64 > > > > I know that 11.2-R is EOL and I have run freebsd-update to upgrade to > > 12.1=EF=BC=8Cbut have not reboot,so the new kernel is not take effect. > > > > freebsd-version -ku > > 12.1-RELEASE-p1 > > 11.2-RELEASE-p2 > > > Let=E2=80=99s re-test after you=E2=80=99ve completed the upgrade then. > > Best regards, > Kristof > --00000000000014d0d4059f9df8cc Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="pf.conf" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="pf.conf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-ID: X-Attachment-Id: f_k75vagh90 ZXh0X2lmPSJ3bGFuMCIKaW5jbHVkZSAiL3pyb290L3ZtLy5jb25maWcvcGYtbmF0LmNvbmYiCgoj cmRyIHByb3RvIHRjcCBmcm9tIDEyNy4wLjAuMSB0byAxNzIuMTYuMC4xIHBvcnQgMjIyMiAtPiAx NzIuMTYuMC4xNDQgcG9ydCAyMgoKbmF0IHBhc3MgbG9nIG9uICRleHRfaWYgZnJvbSAxOTIuMTY4 LjQvMjQgdG8gYW55IC0+ICggJGV4dF9pZiApCgpuYXQgcGFzcyBsb2cgb24gJGV4dF9pZiBmcm9t IDE5Mi4xNjguMC8yNCB0byBhbnkgLT4gKCAkZXh0X2lmICkKCiNibG9jayBpbiBsb2cgb24gJGV4 dF9pZgojYmxvY2sgb3V0IGxvZyBvbiAkZXh0X2lmCmFuY2hvciAiZjJiLyoiCg== --00000000000014d0d4059f9df8cc-- From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 13:52:10 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E38F42635FE for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 13:52:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from byrnejb@harte-lyne.ca) Received: from mx32.harte-lyne.ca (mx32.harte-lyne.ca [216.185.71.32]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "mx32.harte-lyne.ca", Issuer "CA_HLL_ISSUER_2016" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48TWDn1fbRz41Kb for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 13:52:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from byrnejb@harte-lyne.ca) Received: from mx32.harte-lyne.ca (localhost [127.0.32.1]) by mx32.harte-lyne.ca (Postfix) with ESMTP id 371423CDFF for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:52:08 -0500 (EST) X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at harte-lyne.ca Received: from mx32.harte-lyne.ca ([127.0.32.1]) by mx32.harte-lyne.ca (mx32.harte-lyne.ca [127.0.32.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id k3bhGQLsBOSs for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:51:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from webmail.harte-lyne.ca (webmail.hamilton.harte-lyne.ca [216.185.71.106]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx32.harte-lyne.ca (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 5EF2B3CDF4 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:51:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from 216.185.71.44 (SquirrelMail authenticated user byrnejb_hll) by webmail.harte-lyne.ca with HTTP; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:51:39 -0500 Message-ID: Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:51:39 -0500 Subject: ZFS i/o error on boot unable to start system From: "James B. Byrne" To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Reply-To: byrnejb@harte-lyne.ca User-Agent: SquirrelMail/1.4.23 [SVN] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Importance: Normal X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48TWDn1fbRz41Kb X-Spamd-Bar: -------- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-8.47 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[byrnejb@harte-lyne.ca]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:216.185.71.0/26]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_DKIM_ARC_DNSWL_MED(-0.50)[]; REPLYTO_ADDR_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED(-0.20)[32.71.185.216.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.4.2]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[harte-lyne.ca:+]; HAS_X_PRIO_THREE(0.00)[3]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[harte-lyne.ca,quarantine]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:12021, ipnet:216.185.64.0/20, country:CA]; IP_SCORE(-3.77)[ip: (-9.90), ipnet: 216.185.64.0/20(-4.94), asn: 12021(-3.95), country: CA(-0.09)]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[harte-lyne.ca:s=dkim_hll]; RCVD_COUNT_FIVE(0.00)[5]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[harte-lyne.ca.dwl.dnswl.org : 127.0.4.1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 13:52:11 -0000 I have reported this on the forums as well. FreeBSD-12.1p2 raidz2 on 4x8TB HDD (reds) root on zfs We did a hot restart of this host this morning and received the following on the console: ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable ZFS: failed to read pool zroot directory object qptzfsboot: failed to mount default pool zroot FreeBSD/x86 boot ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable ZFS: can't fild dataset 0 Default: zroot/<0x0> boot: What has happened? How do I get this system back up and online? My first thought is that in modifying rc.conf to change some ip4 address assignments that I may have done something else inadvertently which has caused this. I cannot think of any other changes made since the system was last restarted a noon yesterday. ​This is an urgent matter. Any help is gratefully welcomed. -- *** e-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** Do NOT transmit sensitive data via e-Mail Do NOT open attachments nor follow links sent by e-Mail James B. Byrne mailto:ByrneJB@Harte-Lyne.ca Harte & Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 15:00:06 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4307C264960 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:00:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dvoich@aim.com) Received: from sonic315-13.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com (sonic315-13.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com [74.6.134.123]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48TXl82c6mz4ZZ8 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:00:03 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dvoich@aim.com) X-YMail-OSG: 0nXF82gVM1lT5DTyzZ2j0l0kYSeh9.kZ04Qzl2jZ3R0dvFOcL1hpBv8KlF6gbFh xxT6gSjH.IYCshQBnVU5QUITzHI1g4m3Fl6Ncts1BepygVUG.Es9HVBCQCH1zSwGRtfAxHKoCGZE me_ULupDDSl2.oQ3WIjjH1KwzFoXXnL49rtkwOgn1Fs86eOv8uHGlqy4kwo1SGvlGi6Q_YO2.OfI NBeLr1QARJiareoe8KXBrv0IK_P43qZ3.pLKum2hvBnHjFHXVdnfgAUYunsJOvQVXc0rtIfNiRkz w80ZTgjM7vL1zewnlx6x4wCBvC2gos5P_uzhzPdGwhI.uO5o7joF_zD6AuSGefgVnkjppsv6VqaV EWOsLau9rMfOoO0h16LzUrUpKcvP53kCEUFz2RkOe1wD5nsSP51HYUtrZLyfzjd0qJvXFVf4lXOW rjPVNolGs1XfhZysbRlI2e7k6PRQ8NAvYJUpDlykTgshHNRiIdKaiCfY5xR7qFR7u0nxbPoo2vip n.9Ft7TnMRln7PTDRkQp97ev09y4CvTu8jKg7LJoAjwvaYo1p6f.0Kkep2mQYFNTKVBgpDVaDqLU ySix2wTf_byGhL6.0qYOAuQZ8ZMnQ2EQZbJd7YoXkvKG7nauVZxl1K3HvkophYMf8fEapXIzOCs_ nSAMVlUd7vp0q_aTRJulD7kfQZsy3yYs5RvfbN9doxcMcZbnDBUfhuhVY10FFNmMath.JymV0Fei y3mgnmt6sDv85kBkejwysXowm.OQxvrOv4wCqXX.LuzXwvfKJ9Vp9K_bLlql0EVnW79_MNXxYqab eRAdwfaG6dY7oKDfO8i5JKN4qaCWN0E0uQIow1OIv4EtIyIBWd90Xeu.kTQfUiF9zXGXOfPgAW8t 8lbafQ5_bdE3GBBbJJNOF059nH9SKKpjW1Yw4y5nmQSVQUSyFBF_VocUepoye7cg6Hh9OA2siOOA HqODJawdsHSc.XzkYyjs.TvOAGGg4EzIgrLX4fcDNZL3qVLwlCnNEQVymC35dq7x5vqNg5jLZUFO peCbMEYXoxrjgilBuwrdiS74BNQSvbNKpz9Z0JGRrcuwL6KnKCnHguYjsPzHIhFPNGATQPIF9noJ VnahHD2ILqqiQwZZkK8SpYiPJABIwR8iq.a8LLpStNOitaeRkSjPFV.ueoX7Y.B8jP5TgwdwOX6J BlE2ioBf7aos_XMo1AJ0Q2eKT4mgScA3jfPzSCsxOEdc7Vq8hdPzAE8TMpsrIHED41DVEBwxuBxt 0_eVKXDvEbk.2BZID8DDEM3M0tvhQzuW6re2X_dBIlCd9ShSa7LxnoYj.s7PbOSiywlLmuvwYs9W 9YFVRzPJZNVYm2OsyHUepl8_OX7ur4FDlEohpVH8nn.vmd1esBuGb7L1CJ7gs Received: from sonic.gate.mail.ne1.yahoo.com by sonic315.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com with HTTP; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:00:03 +0000 Received: by smtp411.mail.bf1.yahoo.com (Oath Hermes SMTP Server) with ESMTPA ID 0eed6bca98cd5da8e4e796bfa51435dc; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:00:00 +0000 (UTC) Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 10:00:00 -0500 From: "Vlad D. Markov" To: Schmitt Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: No mouse or keyboard with Xorg Message-Id: <20200228100000.0ac3267858f249f2982cb533@aim.com> In-Reply-To: References: <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5.ref@grumpy.dwarf7.net> <20200227200432.rv36sjofrljlx7z5@grumpy.dwarf7.net> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.1) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48TXl82c6mz4ZZ8 X-Spamd-Bar: - X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.75 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.40)[-0.396,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[aim.com:s=a2048]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:74.6.128.0/21]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[aim.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.85)[-0.850,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[aim.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[123.134.6.74.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[aim.com,reject]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[aim.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:26101, ipnet:74.6.128.0/21, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (3.41), ipnet: 74.6.128.0/21(1.30), asn: 26101(1.04), country: US(-0.05)]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:00:06 -0000 On Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:57:13 -0500 Schmitt wrote: >=20 >=20 > Le 27/02/2020 =E0 15:04, Vlad D.Markov via freebsd-questions a =E9crit=A0: > > I use startx to start Xorg. The window manager (fluxbox) comes up and > > looks good BUT I have no mouse. The cursor is stuck in the middle of the > > screen. > >=20 > > This started happening immediately after I updated xorg-server. Before = the > > update I had no issues. > >=20 > > uname: > > FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 > >=20 > > Xorg Version: > > X.Org X Server 1.20.7 > > X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 > > Build Operating System: FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p2 amd64=20 > > Current Operating System: FreeBSD happy 12.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD > > 12.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64 > > Build Date: 21 February 2020 05:05:56PM > > =20 > > Current version of pixman: 0.38.4 > > Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org > > to make sure that you have the latest version. > >=20 > > The log where the problem is reported: > >=20 > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: probing input devices... > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > > atkbd0 > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System keyboard > > multiplexer > > , bustype=3D0006, vendor=3D0000, product=3D0000, version=3D0000 > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event0 > > [ 186.068] (**) System keyboard multiplexer: Applying InputClass "Evd= ev > > keyboa > > rd" > > [ 186.068] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > > [ 186.068] (II) This device may have been added with another device f= ile. > > [ 186.068] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event0 > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: detected event input: System mouse, > > bustype=3D0006, > > vendor=3D0000, product=3D0000, version=3D0000 > > [ 186.068] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event1 > > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device f= ile. > > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event1 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: AT keyboard, > > bustype=3D0011, vendor=3D0001, product=3D0001, version=3D0000 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event2 > > [ 186.069] (**) AT keyboard: Applying InputClass "Evdev keyboard" > > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device f= ile. > > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event2 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: detected event input: Generic PS/2 mouse, > > bustype=3D0011, vendor=3D0002, product=3D0001, version=3D0000 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: adding input device /dev/input/event3 > > [ 186.069] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device. > > [ 186.069] (II) This device may have been added with another device f= ile. > > [ 186.069] (EE) config/devd: error 1 adding device /dev/input/event3 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > > kbdmux0 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring devic= e psm0 > > [ 186.069] (II) config/devd: EVDEV_SUPPORT is enabled, ignoring device > > sysmouse > > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): EDID vendor "LPL", prod id 307 > > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Printing DDC gathered Modelines: > > [ 187.528] (II) intel(0): Modeline "1280x800"x0.0 69.30 1280 1328 = 1360 > > 1405 800 803 809 822 -hsync -vsync (49.3 kHz eP) > > [ 251.161] (II) config/devd: terminating backend... > > [ 251.692] (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file. > >=20 > > Thanks, > >=20 > > Vlad > > _______________________________________________ > > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd= .org" > >=20 >=20 > Have you checked this? >=20 > https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/new-xorg-switch-from-devd-to-udev.7414= 4/#post-453355 That URL had the answers to fix my problem. All is well now. 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MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 16:07:39 -0000 Hi James, On 2020/02/28 15:51, James B. Byrne via freebsd-questions wrote: > I have reported this on the forums as well. > =09=09=09 Vikash Badal (IS) Senior Technical Systems Engineer T=C2=A0+27 11 5750825=C2=A0 this helped me with this issue: https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/i-broke-11-0-beta2-uefi-zfs-root-boot.57= 137/ tldr; - boot usb/cd image (must be same version -as OS) from shell: - gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 - if you using uefi: dd if=3D/boot/boot1.efifat of=3D/dev/p1 refs: https://solence.de/2019/05/01/update-uefi-boot-code-after-zfs-upgrade-on-fr= eebsd/ https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/i-broke-11-0-beta2-uefi-zfs-root-boot.57= 137/ > FreeBSD-12.1p2 > raidz2 on 4x8TB HDD (reds) > root on zfs >=20 > We did a hot restart of this host this morning and received the following= on > the console: >=20 > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: failed to read pool zroot directory object > qptzfsboot: failed to mount default pool zroot >=20 > FreeBSD/x86 boot > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: can't fild dataset 0 > Default: zroot/<0x0> > boot: >=20 > What has happened? How do I get this system back up and online? >=20 > My first thought is that in modifying rc.conf to change some ip4 address > assignments that I may have done something else inadvertently which has c= aused > this. I cannot think of any other changes made since the system was last > restarted a noon yesterday. >=20 > ​This is an urgent matter. Any help is gratefully welcomed. >=20 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Feb 28 19:04:45 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0367242403 for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 19:04:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Received: from holgerdanske.com (holgerdanske.com [184.105.128.27]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "holgerdanske.com", Issuer "holgerdanske.com" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48Tf9S3bqPz4PTv for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 19:04:44 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Received: from 99.100.19.101 ([99.100.19.101]) by holgerdanske.com with ESMTPSA (ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:TLSv1.2:Kx=ECDH:Au=RSA:Enc=AESGCM(128):Mac=AEAD) (SMTP-AUTH username dpchrist@holgerdanske.com, mechanism PLAIN) for ; Fri, 28 Feb 2020 11:04:39 -0800 Subject: Re: ZFS i/o error on boot unable to start system To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: David Christensen Message-ID: Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 11:04:38 -0800 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48Tf9S3bqPz4PTv X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dpchrist@holgerdanske.com has no SPF policy when checking 184.105.128.27) smtp.mailfrom=dpchrist@holgerdanske.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.56 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.86)[-0.858,0]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; IP_SCORE(-0.60)[ipnet: 184.104.0.0/15(0.65), asn: 6939(-3.58), country: US(-0.05)]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[holgerdanske.com]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[27.128.105.184.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.10.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:184.104.0.0/15, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2020 19:04:45 -0000 On 2020-02-28 05:51, James B. Byrne via freebsd-questions wrote: > I have reported this on the forums as well. > > FreeBSD-12.1p2 > raidz2 on 4x8TB HDD (reds) > root on zfs > > We did a hot restart of this host this morning and received the following on > the console: > > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: failed to read pool zroot directory object > qptzfsboot: failed to mount default pool zroot > > FreeBSD/x86 boot > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: can't fild dataset 0 > Default: zroot/<0x0> > boot: > > What has happened? How do I get this system back up and online? > > My first thought is that in modifying rc.conf to change some ip4 address > assignments that I may have done something else inadvertently which has caused > this. I cannot think of any other changes made since the system was last > restarted a noon yesterday. > > ​This is an urgent matter. Any help is gratefully welcomed. So, you have a desktop computer with four Western Digital Red 8 TB SATA hard disk drives. You installed FreeBSD-12.1-RELEASE-amd64 and ended up with one ZFS RAIDZ2 pool with everything in it -- boot, root, usr, var, tmp, home, whatever. You have since upgraded to 12.1-p2. Yesterday, you edited /etc/rc.conf and now the system will not boot. The most likely explanation is that you broke rc.conf. One possible solution would be too boot a rescue shell or live system, import the RAIDZ2 pool, and fix rc.conf. Be sure to export the pool each time you are done editing and before attempting to boot it. Let us know how it works out. David From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Feb 29 10:46:47 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0DEF25B507 for ; Sat, 29 Feb 2020 10:46:47 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from trond.endrestol@ximalas.info) Received: from enterprise.ximalas.info (enterprise.ximalas.info [IPv6:2001:700:1100:1::8]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "ximalas.info", Issuer "Hostmaster ximalas.info" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48V34P4trgz410c for ; Sat, 29 Feb 2020 10:46:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from trond.endrestol@ximalas.info) Received: from enterprise.ximalas.info (Ximalas@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by enterprise.ximalas.info (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTPS id 01TAkTnN065355 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256 verify=NO); Sat, 29 Feb 2020 11:46:30 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from trond.endrestol@ximalas.info) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=ximalas.info; s=default; t=1582973192; bh=MYeEE+v703VluvqTSPqdHkkwQpabo4o28Eg+OK9OObw=; h=Date:From:To:cc:Subject:In-Reply-To:References; b=MhXeTYmOLGFcLnXAeMekbwEvprQ/IA3IDrVRrSqca81p3wVEQVxayVljKWUzxG0lX 9z/rQZ4XLG/dtvnBnqWRDyjJdW+1j+SpY24YkzRve1BBye3T7eVnX1fBWbsPh6tEhp nQRYU7ZKFeeuOdJ69h2o7S1rjNTnFHZwF9RYR4VfwbUjRT0l3FXFnvY3gIze181bX/ +8utpsB08ik34f7TwvWIPL02LBb6tj7TRy23AqzHqTEjZlUQEQEM3YkMC9On84nG8Z SoSSGZRRbGHqGQ46K3PcrtdGuL791dKwdBpDDqeqNWmSu17tF0UskawLdwiuyfct8n rzVyhwD2cP54Q== Received: from localhost (trond@localhost) by enterprise.ximalas.info (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) with ESMTP id 01TAkTPi065352; Sat, 29 Feb 2020 11:46:29 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from trond.endrestol@ximalas.info) X-Authentication-Warning: enterprise.ximalas.info: trond owned process doing -bs Date: Sat, 29 Feb 2020 11:46:29 +0100 (CET) From: =?UTF-8?Q?Trond_Endrest=C3=B8l?= Sender: Trond.Endrestol@ximalas.info To: byrnejb@harte-lyne.ca cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: ZFS i/o error on boot unable to start system In-Reply-To: Message-ID: References: User-Agent: Alpine 2.22 (BSF 395 2020-01-19) OpenPGP: url=http://ximalas.info/about/tronds-openpgp-public-key MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.2 required=5.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,DKIM_VALID_EF autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on enterprise.ximalas.info X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48V34P4trgz410c X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=ximalas.info header.s=default header.b=MhXeTYmO; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=ximalas.info; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of trond.endrestol@ximalas.info designates 2001:700:1100:1::8 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=trond.endrestol@ximalas.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-5.07 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[ximalas.info:s=default]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; HAS_XAW(0.00)[]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[ximalas.info:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[ximalas.info,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:224, ipnet:2001:700::/32, country:NO]; IP_SCORE(-2.07)[ip: (-8.18), ipnet: 2001:700::/32(-1.40), asn: 224(-0.76), country: NO(-0.01)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 29 Feb 2020 10:46:48 -0000 On Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:51-0500, James B. Byrne via freebsd-questions wrote: > I have reported this on the forums as well. > > FreeBSD-12.1p2 > raidz2 on 4x8TB HDD (reds) > root on zfs > > We did a hot restart of this host this morning and received the following on > the console: > > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: failed to read pool zroot directory object > qptzfsboot: failed to mount default pool zroot > > FreeBSD/x86 boot > ZFS: i/o error - all block copies unavailable > ZFS: can't fild dataset 0 > Default: zroot/<0x0> > boot: > > What has happened? How do I get this system back up and online? Inspect the hardware. Make sure all cables are connected. Maybe you have a bad disk cable. Boot off the install media and ensure all drives are visible in the dmesg. Next, use gpart show -p to ensure all the GPTs are valid and all the partitions are properly listed. If all checks out, try to import the pool. You might need to forcefully import the pool as it's already marked as being in use. Do not attempt to rewind the pool to the last checkpoint. If the import is successful, start a scrub, and run zpool status -v multiple times to inspect the results as they come in. Last year, ada0 in one of my systems went so bad that the primary GPT got corrupted, and the boot partition and the swap partition near the beginning of the drive was unavailable. I booted off ada1, which was a mirror of ada0. Luckily, ZFS stores enough metadata to know where the ZFS partition resided on ada0, and thus, ZFS was able to continue as if nothing bad had happened, and this was confirmed by running a scrub. I opted to replace all fives drives in this system as they had been in continuous use for a little over seven years. > My first thought is that in modifying rc.conf to change some ip4 address > assignments that I may have done something else inadvertently which has caused > this. I cannot think of any other changes made since the system was last > restarted a noon yesterday. The mere act of editing and saving a file might have had an adverse impact on ZFS, but I suspect something else is at play. Let us know how things are progressing. -- Trond.