Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2013 22:34:32 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-projects@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r41494 - projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia Message-ID: <201304242234.r3OMYWFp059045@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Wed Apr 24 22:34:32 2013 New Revision: 41494 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/41494 Log: White space fix only. Translators can ignore. Approved by: gjb (mentor) Modified: projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Modified: projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Wed Apr 24 21:47:19 2013 (r41493) +++ projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Wed Apr 24 22:34:32 2013 (r41494) @@ -25,17 +25,16 @@ to enjoy high fidelity output from a &os; system. This includes the ability to record and playback audio in the MPEG Audio Layer 3 (<acronym>MP3</acronym>), Waveform Audio File - (<acronym>WAV</acronym>), Ogg Vorbis, and other - formats. The &os; Ports Collection contains many - applications for editing recorded audio, adding sound - effects, and controlling attached MIDI devices.</para> + (<acronym>WAV</acronym>), Ogg Vorbis, and other formats. The + &os; Ports Collection contains many applications for editing + recorded audio, adding sound effects, and controlling attached + MIDI devices.</para> <para>&os; also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. The &os; Ports Collection contains applications to encode, convert, and playback various video media.</para> - <para>This chapter describes how to configure - sound cards, video + <para>This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV tuner cards, and scanners on &os;. It also describes some of the applications which are available for using these devices.</para> @@ -44,8 +43,7 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para>Configure a sound card - on os;.</para> + <para>Configure a sound card on os;.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -140,65 +138,56 @@ <secondary>configuration</secondary> </indexterm> - <para>In order to use the sound device, -the proper - device driver must be loaded. This may be accomplished in -one of two ways. - The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the - sound card with &man.kldload.8;. This example loads the -driver - for a Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card:</para> + <para>In order to use the sound device, the proper device driver + must be loaded. This may be accomplished in one of two ways. + The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card + with &man.kldload.8;. This example loads the driver for a + Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_emu10k1</userinput></screen> <para>To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the - driver to - <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for + driver to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for this driver is:</para> <programlisting>snd_emu10k1_load="YES"</programlisting> <para>Other available sound modules are listed in - <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>. - When unsure which driver to use, load - the <filename>snd_driver</filename> module:</para> + <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>. When unsure + which driver to use, load the <filename>snd_driver</filename> + module:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_driver</userinput></screen> <para>This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common -sound drivers - and can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. -It - is also possible to load all sound drivers by adding the -metadriver to + sound drivers and can be used to speed up the search for the + correct driver. It is also possible to load all sound drivers + by adding the metadriver to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para> - <para>To determine which driver was selected for the - sound card after loading the <filename>snd_driver</filename> - metadriver, type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>.</para> - - <para>Users who prefer to statically - compile in support for the sound card in a custom kernel should -refer to the instructions in the next - section. For more information about - recompiling a kernel, refer to <xref - linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> + <para>To determine which driver was selected for the sound card + after loading the <filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver, + type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>.</para> + + <para>Users who prefer to statically compile in support for the + sound card in a custom kernel should refer to the instructions + in the next section. For more information about recompiling a + kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> <sect3> <title>Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support</title> <para>When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make - sure that the audio framework driver -exists in the custom kernel configuration file:</para> + sure that the audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel + configuration file:</para> <programlisting>device sound</programlisting> - <para>Next, add support for the sound card. - Therefore, you need to know which driver supports the card. - To - continue the example of the Creative &soundblaster; Live! - sound card from the previous section, use the following line - in the custom kernel configuration file:</para> + <para>Next, add support for the sound card. Therefore, you need + to know which driver supports the card. To continue the example + of the Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card from the + previous section, use the following line in the custom kernel + configuration file:</para> <programlisting>device snd_emu10k1</programlisting> @@ -208,10 +197,10 @@ exists in the custom kernel configuratio found in <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para> <para>Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port - settings of the card to be added -to <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>. During the - boot process, &man.loader.8; reads this file and passes - the settings to the kernel. For example, an old Creative + settings of the card to be added to + <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>. During the boot + process, &man.loader.8; reads this file and passes the + settings to the kernel. For example, an old Creative &soundblaster; 16 ISA non-PnP card will use the &man.snd.sbc.4; driver in conjunction with <literal>snd_sb16</literal>. For this card, the following @@ -235,13 +224,13 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting> <para>The syntax used in <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> is described in - &man.sound.4; and the manual page - for the driver of the sound card.</para> + &man.sound.4; and the manual page for the driver of the sound + card.</para> <para>The settings shown above are the defaults. In some cases, the IRQ or other settings may need to be changed to - match the card. Refer to &man.snd.sbc.4; for more - information about this card.</para> + match the card. Refer to &man.snd.sbc.4; for more information + about this card.</para> </sect3> </sect2> @@ -251,14 +240,14 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting> <para>After rebooting into the custom kernel, or after loading the required module, the sound card should appear in the system message buffer. Run &man.dmesg.8; and look for a message -like:</para> + like:</para> <screen>pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0 pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED] pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec></screen> - <para>The status of the sound card may also be checked -using this command:</para> + <para>The status of the sound card may also be checked using this + command:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /dev/sndstat</userinput> FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm) @@ -272,35 +261,31 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de device driver was chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para> - <para>If all goes well, the sound - card should now work in os;. If the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive's -audio-out pins are - properly connected to the sound card, one can insert an audio CD -in the + <para>If all goes well, the sound card should now work in os;. If + the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive's audio-out pins are properly + connected to the sound card, one can insert an audio CD in the drive and play it with &man.cdcontrol.1;:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput></screen> <para>Various applications, such as <filename - role="package">audio/workman</filename> provide a - friendlier interface. The <filename -role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> port can be installed to - listen to MP3 audio files.</para> + role="package">audio/workman</filename> provide a friendlier + interface. The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> + port can be installed to listen to MP3 audio files.</para> - <para>Another quick way to test the card is to send data - to <filename>/dev/dsp</filename>:</para> + <para>Another quick way to test the card is to send data to + <filename>/dev/dsp</filename>:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen> <para>where <filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> can - be any file. This command should produce some noise, - confirming that the sound card is actually working.</para> + be any file. This command should produce some noise, confirming + that the sound card is actually working.</para> <note> <para>The <devicename>/dev/dsp*</devicename> device nodes will -be - created automatically as needed. When not in use, they + be created automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not appear in the output of &man.ls.1;.</para> </note> @@ -351,9 +336,8 @@ be <entry><errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname></entry> <entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep - dsp</command> - if another application is holding the device open. - Noteworthy troublemakers are + dsp</command> if another application is holding the + device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound support.</para></entry> @@ -365,9 +349,9 @@ be <para>Another issue is that modern graphics cards often come with their own sound driver, for use with <acronym>HDMI</acronym> and similar. This sound device will - sometimes be enumerated before the sound card and the - sound card will subsequently not be used as the default - playback device. To check if this is the case, run + sometimes be enumerated before the sound card and the sound + card will subsequently not be used as the default playback + device. To check if this is the case, run <application>dmesg</application> and look for <literal>pcm</literal>. The output looks something like this:</para> @@ -393,16 +377,15 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi <para>Here the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has been enumerated before the sound card (<literal>Realtek ALC889</literal>). To use the sound card as the default -playback - device, change <varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname> to the - unit that should be used for playback:</para> + playback device, change <varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname> + to the unit that should be used for playback:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen> <para>Here, <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound device to use. In this example, it should be -<literal>4</literal>. - Make this change permanent by adding the following line to + <literal>4</literal>. Make this change permanent by adding + the following line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para> <programlisting>hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>4</replaceable></programlisting> @@ -422,12 +405,10 @@ playback <title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title> <para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that - are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses -<emphasis>Virtual Sound - Channels</emphasis>, which can be enabled using - &man.sysctl.8;. Virtual channels allow one to - multiplex the sound card's playback by mixing sound in the - kernel.</para> + are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <emphasis>Virtual + Sound Channels</emphasis>, which can be enabled using + &man.sysctl.8;. Virtual channels allow one to multiplex the + sound card's playback by mixing sound in the kernel.</para> <para>To set the number of virtual channels, three &man.sysctl.8; knobs are available:</para> @@ -448,20 +429,19 @@ playback <devicename>pcm</devicename> module can be loaded independently of the hardware drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname> indicates how many virtual channels will be given to devices -when they are attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; - for more information.</para> + when they are attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more + information.</para> <note> - <para>The number of virtual channels for a - device cannot be changed while it is in use. First, close any -programs using + <para>The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be + changed while it is in use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or sound daemons.</para> </note> <para> The correct <devicename>pcm</devicename> device will - automatically be allocated transparently to a program - that requests <filename>/dev/dsp0</filename>.</para> + automatically be allocated transparently to a program that + requests <filename>/dev/dsp0</filename>.</para> </sect2> <sect2> @@ -479,19 +459,19 @@ programs using <para>The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. There - are many different applications and daemons that allow - values to be set for the mixer that are remembered between - invocations, but this is not a clean solution. It is possible - to set default mixer values at the driver level. This - is accomplished by defining the appropriate values in + are many different applications and daemons that allow values to + be set for the mixer that are remembered between invocations, + but this is not a clean solution. It is possible to set default + mixer values at the driver level. This is accomplished by + defining the appropriate values in <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>, as seen in this -example:</para> + example:</para> <programlisting>hint.pcm.0.vol="50"</programlisting> <para>This will set the volume channel to a default value of <literal>50</literal> when the &man.pcm.4; module is -loaded.</para> + loaded.</para> </sect2> </sect1> @@ -536,16 +516,15 @@ loaded.</para> <para>The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> port provides an alternative, command-line <acronym>MP3</acronym> -player.</para> + player.</para> <para><application>mpg123</application> can be run by specifying the sound device and the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file on the -command line. - Assuming the audio device is + command line. Assuming the audio device is <devicename>/dev/dsp1.0</devicename> and the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file is -<replaceable>Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</replaceable>, - enter the following to play the file:</para> + <replaceable>Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</replaceable>, enter the + following to play the file:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpg123 -a <devicename>/dev/dsp1.0</devicename> <replaceable>Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</replaceable></userinput> High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3. @@ -565,23 +544,20 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz <title>Ripping CD Audio Tracks</title> <para>Before encoding a CD or CD track to -<acronym>MP3</acronym>, the audio data on - the CD must be ripped to the hard drive. This is done by - copying the raw CD + <acronym>MP3</acronym>, the audio data on the CD must be + ripped to the hard drive. This is done by copying the raw CD Digital Audio (<acronym>CDDA</acronym>) data to -<acronym>WAV</acronym> - files.</para> + <acronym>WAV</acronym> files.</para> <para>The <command>cdda2wav</command> tool, which is installed -with - the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> + with the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> suite, is used for ripping audio information from CDs and the information associated with them.</para> <para>With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can be issued as <username>root</username> to rip an entire CD into individual (per track) <acronym>WAV</acronym> -files:</para> + files:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -B</userinput></screen> @@ -590,10 +566,10 @@ files:</para> which corresponds to the output of <command>cdrecord -scanbus</command>.</para> - <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will support - ATAPI (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify - the device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For - example, to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> + <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will support ATAPI + (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify the + device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For example, + to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> -t 7</userinput></screen> @@ -608,8 +584,8 @@ files:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 1+7</userinput></screen> - <para>&man.dd.1; can also be used to extract audio - tracks on ATAPI drives, as described in <xref + <para>&man.dd.1; can also be used to extract audio tracks on + ATAPI drives, as described in <xref linkend="duplicating-audiocds"/>.</para> </sect2> @@ -619,12 +595,11 @@ files:</para> <para> <application>Lame</application> is a popular -<acronym>MP3</acronym> encoder which can be installed from the + <acronym>MP3</acronym> encoder which can be installed from the <filename role="package">audio/lame</filename> port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available.</para> - <para>The following command will - convert the ripped + <para>The following command will convert the ripped <acronym>WAV</acronym> files <filename><replaceable>audio01.wav</replaceable></filename> to @@ -640,29 +615,26 @@ files:</para> <replaceable>audio01.wav audio01.mp3</replaceable></userinput></screen> <para>128 kbits is a standard <acronym>MP3</acronym> -bitrate. The 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher - the bitrate, the larger the size of the resulting - <acronym>MP3</acronym>. - <option>-h</option> turns on the <quote>higher quality - but a little slower</quote> mode. The options beginning with - <option>--t</option> indicate ID3 tags, which usually contain - song information, to be embedded within the -<acronym>MP3</acronym> file. - Additional encoding options can be found in the - <application>lame</application> manual page.</para> + bitrate. The 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. + The higher the bitrate, the larger the size of the resulting + <acronym>MP3</acronym>. <option>-h</option> turns on the + <quote>higher quality but a little slower</quote> mode. The + options beginning with <option>--t</option> indicate ID3 tags, + which usually contain song information, to be embedded within + the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file. Additional encoding options + can be found in the <application>lame</application> manual + page.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="mp3-decoding"> <title>Decoding MP3s</title> <para>In order to burn an audio CD from <acronym>MP3</acronym>s, -they must first be - converted to a non-compressed <acronym>WAV</acronym> format. -Both + they must first be converted to a non-compressed + <acronym>WAV</acronym> format. Both <application>XMMS</application> and <application>mpg123</application> support the output of -<acronym>MP3</acronym> - to an uncompressed file format.</para> + <acronym>MP3</acronym> to an uncompressed file format.</para> <para>Writing to Disk in <application>XMMS</application>:</para> @@ -697,25 +669,22 @@ Both <step> <para>Load the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file into -<application>XMMS</application> - as usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned - off.</para> + <application>XMMS</application> as usual, with volume at + 100% and EQ settings turned off.</para> </step> <step> <para>Press <literal>Play</literal>. The <application>XMMS</application> will appear as if it is playing the <acronym>MP3</acronym>, but no music will be -heard. It is - actually playing the <acronym>MP3</acronym> to a -file.</para> + heard. It is actually playing the <acronym>MP3</acronym> + to a file.</para> </step> <step> <para>When finished, be sure to set the default Output -Plugin back to what - it was before in order to listen to -<acronym>MP3</acronym>s again.</para> + Plugin back to what it was before in order to listen to + <acronym>MP3</acronym>s again.</para> </step> </procedure> @@ -731,27 +700,23 @@ Plugin back to what </procedure> <para><application>XMMS</application> writes a file in the -<acronym>WAV</acronym> - format, while <application>mpg123</application> converts the + <acronym>WAV</acronym> format, while + <application>mpg123</application> converts the <acronym>MP3</acronym> into raw PCM audio data. Both of these -formats can be - used with <application>cdrecord</application> to create audio - CDs, whereas &man.burncd.8; requires a raw Pulse-Code -Modulation (<acronym>PCM</acronym>. When using + formats can be used with <application>cdrecord</application> + to create audio CDs, whereas &man.burncd.8; requires a raw + Pulse-Code Modulation (<acronym>PCM</acronym>. When using <acronym>WAV</acronym> files, there will be a small tick -sound at the - beginning of each track. This sound is the header of the -<acronym>WAV</acronym> - file. One can remove the header with - <application>SoX</application>, which can be + sound at the beginning of each track. This sound is the + header of the <acronym>WAV</acronym> file. One can remove the + header with <application>SoX</application>, which can be installed from the <filename role="package">audio/sox</filename> port or package:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 <replaceable>track.wav track.raw</replaceable></userinput></screen> <para>Refer to <xref linkend="creating-cds"/> for more -information - on using a CD burner in &os;.</para> + information on using a CD burner in &os;.</para> </sect2> </sect1> @@ -770,44 +735,39 @@ information <title>Video Playback</title> <para>Before configuring video playback, determine the model -of the video - card and the chip it uses. While + of the video card and the chip it uses. While <application>&xorg;</application> supports a wide variety of video cards, fewer give good playback performance. To obtain a list of extensions supported by the -<application>&xorg;</application> server using the card, run + <application>&xorg;</application> server using the card, run &man.xdpyinfo.1; while <application>&xorg;</application> is -running.</para> + running.</para> <para>It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for -evaluating various players and - options. Since some DVD applications look for DVD media in - <filename class="directory">/dev/dvd</filename> by default, or -have this device - name hardcoded in them, it might be useful to make + evaluating various players and options. Since some DVD + applications look for DVD media in <filename + class="directory">/dev/dvd</filename> by default, or have this + device name hardcoded in them, it might be useful to make symbolic links to the proper devices:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/dvd</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/rdvd</userinput></screen> - <para>Due to the nature of &man.devfs.5;, - manually created links will not persist after a system reboot. - In order to create the symbolic links - automatically when the system boots, add the following - lines to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>:</para> + <para>Due to the nature of &man.devfs.5;, manually created links + will not persist after a system reboot. In order to create the + symbolic links automatically when the system boots, add the + following lines to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>:</para> <programlisting>link acd0 dvd link acd0 rdvd</programlisting> - <para>DVD decryption invokes - special DVD-ROM functions and requires write permission on the -DVD - devices.</para> + <para>DVD decryption invokes special DVD-ROM functions and + requires write permission on the DVD devices.</para> <para>To enhance the shared memory -<application>&xorg;</application> interface, it is + <application>&xorg;</application> interface, it is recommended to increase the values of these &man.sysctl.8; -variables:</para> + variables:</para> <programlisting>kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864 kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> @@ -820,33 +780,32 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> <indexterm><primary>DGA</primary></indexterm> <para>There are several possible ways to display video under -<application>&xorg;</application>. - What works is largely hardware dependent. Each - method described below will have varying quality across - different hardware.</para> + <application>&xorg;</application>. What works is largely + hardware dependent. Each method described below will have + varying quality across different hardware.</para> <para>Common video interfaces include:</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> - <para><application>&xorg;</application>: normal output -using shared memory.</para> + <para><application>&xorg;</application>: normal output using + shared memory.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>XVideo: an extension to the -<application>&xorg;</application> interface which supports + <application>&xorg;</application> interface which supports video in any drawable object.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>SDL</acronym>: the Simple Directmedia -Layer.</para> + Layer.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>DGA</acronym>: the Direct Graphics -Access.</para> + Access.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -858,9 +817,8 @@ Access.</para> <title>XVideo</title> <para><application>&xorg;</application> has an extension called - <emphasis>XVideo</emphasis>, also known as Xvideo, -Xv, and xv. It - allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects + <emphasis>XVideo</emphasis>, also known as Xvideo, Xv, and xv. + It allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special acceleration. This extension provides good quality playback even on low-end machines.</para> @@ -941,9 +899,9 @@ Xv, and xv. It depth: 1 red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0</screen> - <para>The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are - not present with every implementation of XVideo and their - absence may hinder some players.</para> + <para>The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present + with every implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder + some players.</para> <para>If the result looks like:</para> @@ -951,26 +909,24 @@ Xv, and xv. It screen #0 no adaptors present</screen> - <para>XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This -means + <para>XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of rendering video. Depending on the - video card and processor, one might still be able to - have a satisfying experience.</para> + video card and processor, one might still be able to have a + satisfying experience.</para> </sect3> <sect3 id="video-interface-SDL"> <title>Simple Directmedia Layer</title> - <para><acronym>SDL</acronym> is intended to be a - porting layer between µsoft.windows; and &unix;, - allowing cross-platform applications to be developed which make - efficient use of sound and graphics. The <acronym>SDL</acronym> -layer provides a + <para><acronym>SDL</acronym> is intended to be a porting layer + between µsoft.windows; and &unix;, allowing cross-platform + applications to be developed which make efficient use of sound + and graphics. The <acronym>SDL</acronym> layer provides a low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be more efficient than the <application>&xorg;</application> -interface.</para> + interface.</para> <para><acronym>SDL</acronym> can be installed using the <filename role="package">devel/sdl12</filename> package or port.</para> @@ -981,18 +937,16 @@ interface.</para> <title>Direct Graphics Access</title> <para><acronym>DGA</acronym> is an -<application>&xorg;</application> extension which allows - a program to bypass the <application>&xorg;</application> server -and directly alter the - framebuffer. Because it relies on a low level memory mapping, -programs using it must be run as + <application>&xorg;</application> extension which allows a + program to bypass the <application>&xorg;</application> server + and directly alter the framebuffer. Because it relies on a low + level memory mapping, programs using it must be run as <username>root</username>.</para> <para>The <acronym>DGA</acronym> extension can be tested and -benchmarked using - &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is running, it - changes the colors of the display whenever a key is pressed. To - quit, press <keycap>q</keycap>.</para> + benchmarked using &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is + running, it changes the colors of the display whenever a key is + pressed. To quit, press <keycap>q</keycap>.</para> </sect3> </sect2> @@ -1004,15 +958,13 @@ benchmarked using <indexterm><primary>video packages</primary></indexterm> <para>This section introduces some of the software available from -the - &os; Ports Collection which can be used for video -playback.</para> - - <para>Many of the video - applications which run on &os; were developed as &linux; - applications. Many of these applications are still - beta-quality. Some of the problems commonly encountered with - video packages on &os; include:</para> + the &os; Ports Collection which can be used for video + playback.</para> + + <para>Many of the video applications which run on &os; were + developed as &linux; applications. Many of these applications + are still beta-quality. Some of the problems commonly + encountered with video packages on &os; include:</para> <orderedlist> @@ -1052,13 +1004,12 @@ playback.</para> </orderedlist> <para>Many applications may also exhibit - <quote>&linux;-isms</quote>. There may be issues - resulting from the way some standard libraries are - implemented in the &linux; distributions, or some features of - the &linux; kernel which have been assumed by the authors of the - applications. These issues are not always noticed and worked - around by the port maintainers, which can lead to problems like - these:</para> + <quote>&linux;-isms</quote>. There may be issues resulting from + the way some standard libraries are implemented in the &linux; + distributions, or some features of the &linux; kernel which have + been assumed by the authors of the applications. These issues + are not always noticed and worked around by the port + maintainers, which can lead to problems like these:</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> @@ -1073,7 +1024,7 @@ playback.</para> <listitem> <para>Relies on software which is not yet available in the -&os; Ports Collection.</para> + &os; Ports Collection.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> @@ -1093,21 +1044,20 @@ playback.</para> <secondary>making</secondary></indexterm> <para><application>MPlayer</application> is available as a -package or port in <filename - role="package">multimedia/mplayer</filename>. -Several compile options are available and a variety of hardware + package or port in <filename + role="package">multimedia/mplayer</filename>. Several + compile options are available and a variety of hardware checks occur during the build process. For these reasons, some users prefer to build the port rather than install the - package. The available options will be displayed in - a menu after these commands are input:</para> + package. The available options will be displayed in a + menu after these commands are input:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput></screen> <para>The menu options should be reviewed to determine the -type of - support to compile into the port. If an option is not - selected, <application>MPlayer</application> will not be + type of support to compile into the port. If an option is + not selected, <application>MPlayer</application> will not be able to display that type of video format. Use the arrow keys and spacebar to select the required formats. When finished, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port @@ -1175,8 +1125,8 @@ type of including the <makevar>WITH_DVD_DEVICE=/path/to/desired/device</makevar> option. By default, the device is - <filename>/dev/acd0</filename>. More - details can be found in the port's + <filename>/dev/acd0</filename>. More details can be found + in the port's <filename>Makefile.options</filename>.</para> </note> @@ -1185,21 +1135,20 @@ type of -h</command>, or read the manual page.</para> <para>Additional playback options include - <option>-fs -zoom</option>, which engages fullscreen -mode, + <option>-fs -zoom</option>, which engages fullscreen mode, and <option>-framedrop</option>, which helps performance.</para> <para>Each user can add commonly used options to their <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename> like so:</para> - + <programlisting>vo=xv fs=yes zoom=yes</programlisting> - <para><command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a - DVD title to a <filename>.vob</filename>. To dump - the second title from a DVD:</para> + <para><command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a DVD + title to a <filename>.vob</filename>. To dump the second + title from a DVD:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</userinput></screen> @@ -1226,13 +1175,12 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> <para>Before using <command>mencoder</command>, it is a good idea to become familiar with the options described in the -<ulink -url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html">HTML - documentation</ulink>. There are - innumerable ways to improve quality, lower bitrate, and - change formats, and some of these options may make the - difference between good or bad performance. Improper -combinations of command line options + <ulink + url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html">HTML + documentation</ulink>. There are innumerable ways to + improve quality, lower bitrate, and change formats, and some + of these options may make the difference between good or bad + performance. Improper combinations of command line options can yield output files that are unplayable even by <command>mplayer</command>.</para> @@ -1240,8 +1188,7 @@ combinations of command line options <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></userinput></screen> - <para>To rip - to a file, use <option>-dumpfile</option> with + <para>To rip to a file, use <option>-dumpfile</option> with <command>mplayer</command>.</para> <para>To convert @@ -1255,17 +1202,15 @@ combinations of command line options -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></userinput></screen> <para>This will produce output playable by applications such -as - <command>mplayer</command> and + as <command>mplayer</command> and <command>xine</command>.</para> <para><filename><replaceable>input.avi</replaceable></filename> can be replaced with <option>dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</option> and run as <username>root</username> to re-encode a DVD title directly. Since it may take a few -tries to get the desired result, - it is recommended to dump the title to a file and to work on - the file.</para> + tries to get the desired result, it is recommended to dump + the title to a file and to work on the file.</para> </sect4> </sect3> @@ -1274,20 +1219,19 @@ tries to get the desired result, <title>The <application>xine</application> Video Player</title> <para><application>xine</application> is a video player with a -reusable base library - and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. - It can be installed using the <filename - role="package">multimedia/xine</filename> package or -port.</para> - - <para>In practice, <application>xine</application> - requires either a fast CPU with a fast video card, or support - for the XVideo extension. The <application>xine</application> - video player performs best on XVideo interfaces.</para> + reusable base library and a modular executable which can be + extended with plugins. It can be installed using the + <filename role="package">multimedia/xine</filename> package or + port.</para> + + <para>In practice, <application>xine</application> requires + either a fast CPU with a fast video card, or support for the + XVideo extension. The <application>xine</application> video + player performs best on XVideo interfaces.</para> <para>By default, the <application>xine</application> player - starts a graphical user interface. The menus can then - be used to open a specific file.</para> + starts a graphical user interface. The menus can then be used + to open a specific file.</para> <para>Alternatively, <application>xine</application> may be invoked to play a file immediately without the graphical @@ -1301,21 +1245,21 @@ port.</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xine -g -p <replaceable>mymovie.avi</replaceable></userinput></screen> <para>The <ulink -url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html">; + url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html">; xine HOWTO</ulink> contains a chapter on performance improvement which is general to all players.</para> </sect3> <sect3 id="video-ports-transcode"> <title>The <application>transcode</application> -Utilities</title> + Utilities</title> <para><application>transcode</application> provides a suite of -tools for re-encoding video and audio - files. <application>transcode</application> can be used - to merge video files or repair broken files using - command line tools with <filename>stdin/stdout</filename> - stream interfaces.</para> + tools for re-encoding video and audio files. + <application>transcode</application> can be used to merge + video files or repair broken files using command line tools + with <filename>stdin/stdout</filename> stream + interfaces.</para> <para><application>transcode</application> can be installed using the <filename @@ -1329,7 +1273,7 @@ tools for re-encoding video and audio <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port compile and installation.</para> - <para>This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into + <para>This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file (PAL VCD):</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>transcode -i @@ -1339,15 +1283,13 @@ tools for re-encoding video and audio <para>The resulting MPEG file, <filename><replaceable>output_vcd.mpg</replaceable></filename>, is ready to be played with <application>MPlayer</application>. - The file can be burned on a CD-R media to create a -Video - CD. In this, install and use the -<filename + The file can be burned on a CD-R media to create a Video CD. In + this, install and use the <filename role="package">multimedia/vcdimager</filename> and <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrdao</filename> programs.</para> <para>In addition to the manual page for -<command>transcode</command>, refer to the <ulink + <command>transcode</command>, refer to the <ulink url="http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode">transcode wiki</ulink> for further information and examples.</para> </sect3> @@ -1383,34 +1325,29 @@ Video <title>Introduction</title> <para>TV cards allow can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on -a - computer. Most cards accept composite video via an RCA or - S-video input and some cards include a FM radio - tuner.</para> *** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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