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Date:      Tue, 19 Feb 2002 10:01:56 -0800
From:      "Kevin Oberman" <oberman@es.net>
To:        Carl Tucker <cft@panix.com>
Cc:        freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Subject:   Re: Dropping to single user 
Message-ID:  <20020219180156.ADF165D09@ptavv.es.net>
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 18 Feb 2002 13:59:58 EST." <20020218185958.GA18711@panix.com> 

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> Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2002 13:59:58 -0500
> From: Carl Tucker <cft@panix.com>
> Sender: owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG
> 
> On Mon, Feb 18, 2002 at 10:19:34AM -0500, Sandro Mancuso wrote:
> > Hi, not long ago, someone mentioned “dropping to single user” and I was
> > wondering how.  I did get an answer, however I’ve “misplaced” that
> > reply, so I’m wondering if anyone can refresh my memory… regarding how
> > to do such a thing without having to reboot after doing make buildworld,
> > and building/installing the generic kernel (having to do with upgrading
> > from 4.4 to 4.5stable… etc)
> 
> 'shutdown now' will drop you into single-user mode without unmounting
> all your filesystems or rebooting.  After you install a new kernel, though,
> I would think you need to do an actual reboot to get it in memory.
> I could be wrong.

Yes, a 'shutdown now' will "drop you to single-user mode, but you
REALLY want to reboot after you installkernel and before you
installworld. Proper order:
cvsup
cd /usr/src
make buildworld
make kernel KERNCONF=xxxx
REBOOT to single-user mode (boot -s)!
fsck -p
mount -a -t ufs
cd /usr/src
make installworld
mergemaster
REBOOT!

In both cases the REBOOT really means to reboot, not to drop into
single-user mode. While steps may be skipped, doing so is taking a
risk of having a system in a badly corrupted state where the only
way out is to re-install the OS.

R. Kevin Oberman, Network Engineer
Energy Sciences Network (ESnet)
Ernest O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab)
E-mail: oberman@es.net			Phone: +1 510 486-8634

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