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From: Lowell Gilbert <freebsd-questions-local@be-well.ilk.org>
To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Cc: "unixreader\@yahoo.com" <unixreader@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: some confusion in socket(2)
References: <4251199.3261655.1458654057744.JavaMail.yahoo.ref@mail.yahoo.com>
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Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2016 13:37:37 -0400
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 (Teng Zhang via freebsd-questions's message of "Tue, 22 Mar 2016
 13:40:57 +0000 (UTC)")
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Teng Zhang via freebsd-questions <freebsd-questions@freebsd.org> writes:

> hello, in socket(2), the following sentence:=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0SOCK_RAW s=
ockets
> provide access to internal network protocols and interfaces.My
> confusion is what are included in the range of "internal network
> protocols and interfaces". Could you please tell me the answer or
> where i can find relevant information.

Raw sockets are nothing more than IP sockets without a transport
protocol associated. Routing daemons and ping, for example, use raw
sockets to directly control packet headers.