Date: Sun, 10 Dec 2006 11:27:44 -0600 From: Chris <racerx@makeworld.com> To: Eric Schuele <e.schuele@computer.org> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Advantages of trimmed kernel? Message-ID: <457C4390.6070809@makeworld.com> In-Reply-To: <457C4156.8010309@computer.org> References: <200612100905.30430.kirk@strauser.com> <20061210155022.GA28750@owl.midgard.homeip.net> <457C4156.8010309@computer.org>
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This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format. --------------ms080700080201000302080803 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Eric Schuele wrote: > On 12/10/06 09:50, Erik Trulsson wrote: >> On Sun, Dec 10, 2006 at 09:05:25AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: >>> Are there any real advantages to building a kernel stripped of unused= >>> drivers, especially when running it on a fairly large machine? For >>> years, I've been dutifully removing device drivers (or more recently,= >>> including GENERIC and using 'nodevice') for everything I don't have. = >>> But does this actually do anything useful, or am I just tilting at >>> windmills? >> >> It will save a little bit of memory and diskspace and the machine will= >> probably boot slightly faster since it will not need to probe for >> non-existing devices, but other than that I doubt it will make any >> difference at all. >> >=20 > I'll second this one. >=20 > FWIW... Its my understanding that > - the memory saved would be negligible. > - the performance differences while running are negligible > - the boot time is shortened as the kernel will not probe removed devi= ces. > - [many|all] removed devices are available and loadable as kld. > - as always, remove too much and you can cripple yourself. >=20 > The above is my understandings from the many times this pops up on the > list. You might do some searching on the archives as I think this come= s > up quite often. >=20 > I do still however remove things from time to time as it makes me feel = a > little bit more geeky. :p But I don't think its necessary for > performance. >=20 > HTH. >=20 =2E.. and to summarize, I have seen users boast about how small they were= able to get the kernel after the compile only to shoot them self in the foot when it won't boot. I think in general - it's more a pissing contest for those that like pissing contests. I think that in the end, the wise choice is to just leave the kernel along for reasons previously posted. Just my .02 --=20 Best regards, Chris If you fool around with a thing for very long you will screw it up. --------------ms080700080201000302080803 Content-Type: application/x-pkcs7-signature; name="smime.p7s" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="smime.p7s" Content-Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJDzCC AuIwggJLoAMCAQICED5yXrU0zFHzWG+pfEwVyF0wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwYjELMAkGA1UE BhMCWkExJTAjBgNVBAoTHFRoYXd0ZSBDb25zdWx0aW5nIChQdHkpIEx0ZC4xLDAqBgNVBAMT I1RoYXd0ZSBQZXJzb25hbCBGcmVlbWFpbCBJc3N1aW5nIENBMB4XDTA2MTIxMDA1NDkxMloX DTA3MTIxMDA1NDkxMlowRjEfMB0GA1UEAxMWVGhhd3RlIEZyZWVtYWlsIE1lbWJlcjEjMCEG CSqGSIb3DQEJARYUcmFjZXJ4QG1ha2V3b3JsZC5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IB DwAwggEKAoIBAQC36D3ytaLTlJBYCYC8no4GDfA/PFhueOBg4IJXetluxi0o6MmfsOqw5esN 9AJ4HBEc7KQFomWmIFVVDkGrF1vKSUWFDkjqhn4sISMLT//pqsj9mT6Wolpk5rwpu1fJmNWI gSF5Cx/VRnHZnRmaPdO6h6/hv9pMVKPjgZCGe9JU9fomxWUpDpki7XN+Usf4Cq+anM1qA+tn NTKX0dn7+awDk7str1e8E7Xkk9Y6eMn+Agm9nXCuSH8qq903fCM/gTzJTLeIq9Gt8J4Bksqq 6Pucpz1Ok8QH5+6gjxAMoxPCQ1hcuoTjfkuAAMDjssUMvbpfyJIZ7Gr1YAhuy0UbKEGjAgMB AAGjMTAvMB8GA1UdEQQYMBaBFHJhY2VyeEBtYWtld29ybGQuY29tMAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAw DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAbixCkJ3X0YqT9rDGyyKfa3tv21yik0+t6yZ6HzdZAPBgoK7b fbtd/XwKh6AdXBWYASSYLLVApNaGnFJw3WQRKeDnGhBqoBWaKekwus6hc1G1oLemRvPMgy7j o/7ltrpboYROizesu9ndhtYcJR3Yd82Ymq0RFxcMvK0AnlQ9C6AwggLiMIICS6ADAgECAhA+ cl61NMxR81hvqXxMFchdMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMSUwIwYDVQQK ExxUaGF3dGUgQ29uc3VsdGluZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNUaGF3dGUgUGVyc29u YWwgRnJlZW1haWwgSXNzdWluZyBDQTAeFw0wNjEyMTAwNTQ5MTJaFw0wNzEyMTAwNTQ5MTJa MEYxHzAdBgNVBAMTFlRoYXd0ZSBGcmVlbWFpbCBNZW1iZXIxIzAhBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWFHJh Y2VyeEBtYWtld29ybGQuY29tMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAt+g9 8rWi05SQWAmAvJ6OBg3wPzxYbnjgYOCCV3rZbsYtKOjJn7DqsOXrDfQCeBwRHOykBaJlpiBV VQ5BqxdbyklFhQ5I6oZ+LCEjC0//6arI/Zk+lqJaZOa8KbtXyZjViIEheQsf1UZx2Z0Zmj3T uoev4b/aTFSj44GQhnvSVPX6JsVlKQ6ZIu1zflLH+AqvmpzNagPrZzUyl9HZ+/msA5O7La9X vBO15JPWOnjJ/gIJvZ1wrkh/KqvdN3wjP4E8yUy3iKvRrfCeAZLKquj7nKc9TpPEB+fuoI8Q DKMTwkNYXLqE435LgADA47LFDL26X8iSGexq9WAIbstFGyhBowIDAQABozEwLzAfBgNVHREE GDAWgRRyYWNlcnhAbWFrZXdvcmxkLmNvbTAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUA A4GBAG4sQpCd19GKk/awxssin2t7b9tcopNPresmeh83WQDwYKCu2327Xf18CoegHVwVmAEk mCy1QKTWhpxScN1kESng5xoQaqAVminpMLrOoXNRtaC3pkbzzIMu46P+5ba6W6GETos3rLvZ 3YbWHCUd2HfNmJqtERcXDLytAJ5UPQugMIIDPzCCAqigAwIBAgIBDTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUF ADCB0TELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNVBAgTDFdlc3Rlcm4gQ2FwZTESMBAGA1UEBxMJQ2Fw ZSBUb3duMRowGAYDVQQKExFUaGF3dGUgQ29uc3VsdGluZzEoMCYGA1UECxMfQ2VydGlmaWNh dGlvbiBTZXJ2aWNlcyBEaXZpc2lvbjEkMCIGA1UEAxMbVGhhd3RlIFBlcnNvbmFsIEZyZWVt YWlsIENBMSswKQYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhxwZXJzb25hbC1mcmVlbWFpbEB0aGF3dGUuY29tMB4X DTAzMDcxNzAwMDAwMFoXDTEzMDcxNjIzNTk1OVowYjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExJTAjBgNVBAoT HFRoYXd0ZSBDb25zdWx0aW5nIChQdHkpIEx0ZC4xLDAqBgNVBAMTI1RoYXd0ZSBQZXJzb25h bCBGcmVlbWFpbCBJc3N1aW5nIENBMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDEpjxV c1X7TrnKmVoeaMB1BHCd3+n/ox7svc31W/Iadr1/DDph8r9RzgHU5VAKMNcCY1osiRVwjt3J 8CuFWqo/cVbLrzwLB+fxH5E2JCoTzyvV84J3PQO+K/67GD4Hv0CAAmTXp6a7n2XRxSpUhQ9I BH+nttE8YQRAHmQZcmC3+wIDAQABo4GUMIGRMBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwQwYDVR0f BDwwOjA4oDagNIYyaHR0cDovL2NybC50aGF3dGUuY29tL1RoYXd0ZVBlcnNvbmFsRnJlZW1h aWxDQS5jcmwwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgEGMCkGA1UdEQQiMCCkHjAcMRowGAYDVQQDExFQcml2YXRl TGFiZWwyLTEzODANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOBgQBIjNFQg+oLLswNo2asZw9/r6y+whehQ5aU nX9MIbj4Nh+qLZ82L8D0HFAgk3A8/a3hYWLD2ToZfoSxmRsAxRoLgnSeJVCUYsfbJ3FXJY3d qZw5jowgT2Vfldr394fWxghOrvbqNOUQGls1TXfjViF4gtwhGTXeJLHTHUb/XV9lTzGCA2Qw ggNgAgEBMHYwYjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExJTAjBgNVBAoTHFRoYXd0ZSBDb25zdWx0aW5nIChQ dHkpIEx0ZC4xLDAqBgNVBAMTI1RoYXd0ZSBQZXJzb25hbCBGcmVlbWFpbCBJc3N1aW5nIENB AhA+cl61NMxR81hvqXxMFchdMAkGBSsOAwIaBQCgggHDMBgGCSqGSIb3DQEJAzELBgkqhkiG 9w0BBwEwHAYJKoZIhvcNAQkFMQ8XDTA2MTIxMDE3Mjc0NFowIwYJKoZIhvcNAQkEMRYEFIv7 TbMakUb+FogboWpje+TQCsPkMFIGCSqGSIb3DQEJDzFFMEMwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwDgYIKoZI hvcNAwICAgCAMA0GCCqGSIb3DQMCAgFAMAcGBSsOAwIHMA0GCCqGSIb3DQMCAgEoMIGFBgkr BgEEAYI3EAQxeDB2MGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMSUwIwYDVQQKExxUaGF3dGUgQ29uc3VsdGlu ZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNUaGF3dGUgUGVyc29uYWwgRnJlZW1haWwgSXNzdWlu ZyBDQQIQPnJetTTMUfNYb6l8TBXIXTCBhwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAgsxeKB2MGIxCzAJBgNVBAYT AlpBMSUwIwYDVQQKExxUaGF3dGUgQ29uc3VsdGluZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNU aGF3dGUgUGVyc29uYWwgRnJlZW1haWwgSXNzdWluZyBDQQIQPnJetTTMUfNYb6l8TBXIXTAN BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAQBh7/+wwzL4curo/3SfEc+xqYCafOFFwj79Vf0ld25KCuFNXlKU pmCdchRWqwloDArre7DrR87e5OjgK6nUsz8N739t5LtCfh5EUQ633hEHA5Rsx6anuJq7MAYh kP4DTDYDDVw5aiMwmci3VzKI1CaJ1m7nykbsLE+ljnA44KkH/mrYdjQ4JQJUVqj9EnJkjFZe 1GcW9olusevwCPICfUWRp5zim1EPIbLJ3vpUQe5zR1HJhls0W5I/WuJu23hCX9WBtseD56t1 7wWeBB1RtzJrwQ4niY8Sz+6IEIVa1ETcyPncKnEY8co3J59hEqrIP3bN263VqnEuEQqQCbhQ t9ICAAAAAAAA --------------ms080700080201000302080803--
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