From owner-freebsd-questions Sun May 19 14:31:27 2002 Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Received: from post.webmailer.de (natpost.webmailer.de [192.67.198.65]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED63237B40A for ; Sun, 19 May 2002 14:31:20 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ianb (pD9E0ED83.dip.t-dialin.net [217.224.237.131]) by post.webmailer.de (8.9.3/8.8.7) with ESMTP id XAA14954; Sun, 19 May 2002 23:31:16 +0200 (MET DST) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" From: Steve Mazerski To: Dan Nelson , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: "Base system" applications, files (newby-ish questions) Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 23:32:47 +0200 X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] References: <200205192056.21163.smazerski@yahoo.co.jp> <20020519202322.GA25559@dan.emsphone.com> In-Reply-To: <20020519202322.GA25559@dan.emsphone.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: <200205192332.47158.smazerski@yahoo.co.jp> Sender: owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Precedence: bulk List-ID: List-Archive: (Web Archive) List-Help: (List Instructions) List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-Loop: FreeBSD.ORG On Sunday 19 May 2002 22:23, Dan Nelson wrote: > In the last episode (May 19), Steve Mazerski said: > > (...) > > 1. "Base system" applications > > > > not quite sure what the technical term is, but FreeBSD installs a > > certain number of applications as part of the basic installation. Is > > there any way of generating an overview (a la pkg_info) of which > > applications / versions thereof are installed? > > For the most part, you can assume the version of all the binaries is > "4.5", or whatever version of BSD you just installed.=20 Sorry, forgot to mention. I installed 4.5-RELEASE. > The base > system is pretty much treated as a single unit. Exceptions are > programs that are actively maintained outside of FreeBSD: gcc, ntpd, > ssh, etc. The release engineers try not to upgrade these, preferring > to merge in only security fixes. Makes it easier to people to upgrade > without having to redo all their config files. =20 Does that mean updates to these are made available between FreeBSD releases, or only with each successive release? (...) > > 3. .cshrc and .profile in / > > > > Is there any reason for these files to be in the root directory? > > I don't think so. roots homedir is /root. Maybe it's for the > extremely rare case where someone su's to a non-interactive uid like > news, kmem, or bind. > > > 4. Duplicated command files > > > > I notice in several places identical commands, e.g. /bin/ln , /bin/li= nk > > or /bin/[ , /bin/test exist as identical duplicate files. Is there an= y > > reason for this, or for not implementing the duplicates as links? > > ln, link, [, and test are hardlinks on my system. I don't know why > yours aren't. Maybe you manually copied them at some point? Hmm. It's a fresh install a whole 12 hours old. I've been poking around a bit but I'm sure I would have noticed if I had started to manually repl= ace links with copies ;-). (Pokes round a bit, brings forehead into contact with palm of hand). Aha, they are hard links. For some reason Linux in it= s variations tends to use soft links in such situations, viz: (FreeBSD) bash-2.05a# ls -li /usr/bin/vi /usr/bin/nvi 18451 -r-xr-xr-x 6 root wheel 280272 Jan 28 14:12 /usr/bin/nvi 18451 -r-xr-xr-x 6 root wheel 280272 Jan 28 14:12 /usr/bin/vi (Linux) smaz@local:/tmp > ls -l /usr/bin/vi /usr/bin/vim lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 20 2001 /usr/bin/vi -> vim lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 20 2001 /usr/bin/vim ->=20 =2E./../bin/vim Enlightened thanks Steve Mazerski To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-questions" in the body of the message