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Date:      Tue, 11 Jan 2000 18:47:38 -0500
From:      Gunther Schadow <gunther@aurora.rg.iupui.edu>
To:        misc@freebsd.org, advocacy@freebsd.org
Subject:   Wall Street Journal Highlights -- dowjones.com
Message-ID:  <387BC11A.57B3356D@aurora.rg.iupui.edu>

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You probably know this one already but it's still good, especially
the following paragraph:

  The free programs are all variants of the venerable Unix system invented by
  AT&T Corp. And they aren't just running Yahoo. While Microsoft almost
  never talks about it, its own Hotmail free e-mail service runs not on its
  flagship Windows NT but on FreeBSD.

http://dowjones.wsj.com/n/SB936961814325017645-d-main-c1.html

-- 
Gunther_Schadow-------------------------------http://aurora.rg.iupui.edu
Regenstrief Institute for Health Care
1050 Wishard Blvd., Indianapolis IN 46202, Phone: (317) 630 7960
schadow@aurora.rg.iupui.edu------------------#include <usual/disclaimer>
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					<TD class="bstrap" HEIGHT="18">WALL STREET JOURNAL HIGHLIGHTS</TD>
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<h2 class="ArtHed">Beyond Linux, Free Systems Help Build The
Web</h2>

<p><b>By L<font size="-1">EE</font> G<font size="-1">OMES</font>
</b><br><font size="-1">Staff Reporter of </font><font 
size="-1">T</font><font size="-2">HE</font><font 
size="-1"> W</font><font size="-2">ALL</font><font 
size="-1"> S</font><font size="-2">TREET</font><font 
size="-1">
J</font><font size="-2">OURNAL</font><font size="-1"></font><br>
<b></b></p>
<p>HERE's a little-known fact about the world's busiest Web site: It runs
on a piece of free software. And it isn't the free operating system called
Linux.</p>
<p>To serve nearly 80 million people each month, Yahoo! Inc. operates about
1,000 computers that run on FreeBSD, a program distributed without charge
over the Internet. FreeBSD is the most popular in a trio of free operating
systems -- all historically linked to the University of California at
Berkeley -- that are quietly playing a major role in the evolution of the
Internet.</p>
<p>Among operating systems, the internal engines that run computers, Linux
has stolen the spotlight lately, as supporters hope it will eventually
challenge the dominance of Microsoft Corp.'s Windows. The initial public
offering of Red Hat Inc., the Linux software vendor, was one of the hottest
deals on Wall Street this summer.</p>
<div class="inset"><hr><p><i>To find out more about subscribing to The Wall
Street Journal Interactive Edition, go
to<a class="external" href="http://interactive.wsj.com/">; wsj.com</a>.</i></p>
<hr></div>
<p>But the role of FreeBSD and its cousins shows how free programs keep
changing the software world and creating headaches for big established
players. Sun Microsystems Inc., a leader in managing big Web sites, is
carefully watching the growth of Linux and other free programs. And
Microsoft faces a particularly significant challenge, since the Redmond,
Wash., company wants its forthcoming Windows 2000 to dominate the "dot-com"
world where the freebies are strong.</p>
<p>"With Linux capturing the public imagination, the BSDs have gotten lost
in the noise," said International Data Corp. analyst Dan Kusnetzky. "But
they are very sophisticated technologies that do a lot of work in the
world, even if people don't know about them."</p>
<p>The BSD programs and Linux actually share a common lineage, a collective
development process and a rambunctious cast of characters.</p>
<p>The free programs are all variants of the venerable Unix system invented
by AT&amp;T Corp. And they aren't just running Yahoo. While Microsoft
almost never talks about it, its own Hotmail free e-mail service runs not
on its flagship Windows NT but on FreeBSD.</p>
<p>In fact, one recent survey showed that BSD accounted for nearly 15% of
all server machines connected to the Internet. Linux leads the pack with
31%,and is the only major operating system making any gains. Windows had
24%.</p>
<p>The Linux saga is already the stuff of modern legend. In 1991, Linus
Torvalds, a 21-year-old student in Helsinki, began writing an operating
system essentially from scratch so he could have something to use on his
home computer. The programs FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD, by contrast, are
the descendants of code written in the late 1970s and early 1980s at UC
Berkeley.</p>
<p>Factional battles and online fusillades between and among the various
BSDs and Linux are common. OpenBSD was started in 1995 by Theo de Raadt, a
mountain biking 31-year-old Canadian after being kicked out of the NetBSD
movement.</p>
<p>BSD buffs like to think of themselves as a slightly more grown-up
version of the "open source" movement, which distributes underlying
programming instructions so users can study and modify software. While Mr.
Torvalds has full control of Linux, for example, FreeBSD is overseen by a
15-person group called the "Core." What's more, the various BSDs say that
their software, by virtue of its head start on Linux, is more mature and
stable.</p>
<p>"We didn't write most of this code, so we don't have a lot of ego
involved in getting people to use it," says Jordan K. Hubbard, 36 years
old, an evangelist for FreeBSD who many people credit for its
popularity.</p>
<p>David Filo is one fan. The co-founder of Yahoo says he tried several
operating systems before settling on FreeBSD. Now, Yahoo has become a major
sponsor. At FreeBSD's first users' convention, to be held next month in
Berkeley, Yahoo is paying to fly in some key developers. Mr. Filo said he
would still use FreeBSD if he could do it over again, since his team now
has so much experience with the software. But for someone starting out, he
says, he might recommend Linux. "Right now, there seems to be more energy
and resources behind it," he says.</p>
<p>Such sentiments make some people wonder what the future is for the BSDs
in a world where Linux is getting most of the "mindshare."</p>
<p>Mr. Hubbard says the ranks of FreeBSD users continue to swell. One
reason is that all BSDs are distributed under a license that lets users do
almost anything with them -- including put the software into traditional
commercial products. The Linux license, by contrast, requires users to make
any use of the software -- such as a piece of specialized computer
networking gear -- freely available to everyone else. That restriction
keeps many companies from using Linux in key products.</p>
<p>It might well make sense for the BSDs to put aside their differences and
unite under a common set of specs. But peace may be too much to expect in
the free software world. Two of the BSDs tried to merge a few years ago,
recalls Charles M. Hannum, a programmer with the NetBSD project. But at a
meeting between the two camps, "while everyone agreed it was a good idea,"
he says, "no one wanted to give anything up, and it just fell apart."</p>
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