Date: Fri, 9 Dec 2011 13:10:16 GMT From: Chris Whitehouse <cwhiteh@onetel.com> To: freebsd-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org Subject: docs/163149: [patch] Red Hat Linux/i386 9 HTML format man page is mangled Message-ID: <201112091310.pB9DAGJx056828@red.freebsd.org> Resent-Message-ID: <201112091320.pB9DK7QI029433@freefall.freebsd.org>
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>Number: 163149 >Category: docs >Synopsis: [patch] Red Hat Linux/i386 9 HTML format man page is mangled >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: medium >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: doc-bug >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Fri Dec 09 13:20:06 UTC 2011 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Chris Whitehouse >Release: 8.1R >Organization: n/a >Environment: FreeBSD muji2.config 8.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE #0: Mon Jul 19 02:55:53 UTC 2010 root@almeida.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 >Description: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2Fi386+9&arch=default&format=html shows S ssuuddoo --VV | --hh | --ll | --LL | --vv | --kk | --KK | --ss | [ --HH ] [--PP ] [--SS ] [ --bb ] | [ --pp prompt ] [ --cc class|- ] [ --aa auth_type ] [ --uu username|#uid ] command and more similar stuff >How-To-Repeat: Just view http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2Fi386+9&arch=default&format=html in a browser. >Fix: Attached is a diff of the page as saved from my browser (Firefox 3-6-10) to my machine and the corrected page. This might not be a useful way of doing it as it is probably dynamically generated, in which case let me know of a better way and I'll have another go. (Some of the other Red Hat man pages have the same problem, once I have a working method of correcting them I will do them as well) Patch attached with submission follows: --- sudo_redhat_i386_9.cgi 2011-12-08 22:00:17.000000000 +0000 +++ sudo_redhat_i386_9_new.cgi 2011-12-08 22:50:48.000000000 +0000 @@ -451,133 +451,133 @@ <pre> sudo(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS sudo(8) -<a name="N%3c%2fbNA%3c%2fbAM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbE" href="#end"><b>N</bNA</bAM</bME</bE</b></a> +<a name="NAME" href="#end"><b>NAME</b></a> sudo - execute a command as another user -<a name="S%3c%2fbSY%3c%2fbYN%3c%2fbNO%3c%2fbOP%3c%2fbPS%3c%2fbSI%3c%2fbIS%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>S</bSY</bYN</bNO</bOP</bPS</bSI</bIS</bS</b></a> - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> <b>-</b<b>-V</b<b>V</b> | <b>-</b<b>-h</b<b>h</b> | <b>-</b<b>-l</b<b>l</b> | <b>-</b<b>-L</b<b>L</b> | <b>-</b<b>-v</b<b>v</b> | <b>-</b<b>-k</b<b>k</b> | <b>-</b<b>-K</b<b>K</b> | <b>-</b<b>-s</b<b>s</b> | [ <b>-</b<b>-H</b<b>H</b> ] [<b>-</b<b>-P</b<b>P</b> ] [<b>-</b<b>-S</b<b>S</b> ] [ <b>-</b<b>-b</b<b>b</b> ] - | [ <b>-</b<b>-p</b<b>p</b> <i>prompt</i> ] [ <b>-</b<b>-c</b<b>c</b> <i>class</i>|<i>-</i> ] [ <b>-</b<b>-a</b<b>a</b> <i>auth</i><b>_</b><i>type</i> ] [ <b>-</b<b>-u</b<b>u</b> <i>username</i>|<i>#uid</i> ] +<a name="SYNOPSIS" href="#end"><b>SYNOPSIS</b></a> + <b>sudo</b> <b>-V</b> | <b>-h</b> | <b>-l</b> | <b>-L</b> | <b>-v</b> | <b>-k</b> | <b>-K</b> | <b>-s</b> | [ <b>-H</b> ] [<b>-P</b> ] [<b>-S</b> ] [ <b>-b</b> ] + | [ <b>-p</b> <i>prompt</i> ] [ <b>-c</b> <i>class</i>|<i>-</i> ] [ <b>-a</b> <i>auth</i><b>_</b><i>type</i> ] [ <b>-u</b> <i>username</i>|<i>#uid</i> ] <i>command</i> -<a name="D%3c%2fbDE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbSC%3c%2fbCR%3c%2fbRI%3c%2fbIP%3c%2fbPT%3c%2fbTI%3c%2fbIO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbN" href="#end"><b>D</bDE</bES</bSC</bCR</bRI</bIP</bPT</bTI</bIO</bON</bN</b></a> - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> allows a permitted user to execute a <i>command</i> as the superuser or +<a name="DESCRIPTION" href="#end"><b>DESCRIPTION</b></a> + <b>sudo</b> allows a permitted user to execute a <i>command</i> as the superuser or another user, as specified in the <i>sudoers</i> file. The real and effective uid and gid are set to match those of the target user as specified in the passwd file (the group vector is also initialized when the target - user is not root). By default, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> requires that users authenticate + user is not root). By default, <b>sudo</b> requires that users authenticate themselves with a password (NOTE: by default this is the user's pass- word, not the root password). Once a user has been authenticated, a timestamp is updated and the user may then use sudo without a password for a short period of time (5 minutes unless overridden in <i>sudoers</i>). - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> determines who is an authorized user by consulting the file - <i>/etc/sudoers</i>. By giving <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> the <b>-</b<b>-v</b<b>v</b> flag a user can update the time + <b>sudo</b> determines who is an authorized user by consulting the file + <i>/etc/sudoers</i>. By giving <b>sudo</b> the <b>-</b<b>-v</b<b>v</b> flag a user can update the time stamp without running a <i>command.</i> The password prompt itself will also time out if the user's password is not entered within 5 minutes (unless overridden via <i>sudoers</i>). If a user who is not listed in the <i>sudoers</i> file tries to run a command - via <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b>, mail is sent to the proper authorities, as defined at config- + via <b>sudo</b>, mail is sent to the proper authorities, as defined at config- ure time or the <i>sudoers</i> file (defaults to root). Note that the mail will not be sent if an unauthorized user tries to run sudo with the <b>-</b<b>-l</b<b>l</b> or <b>-</b<b>-v</b<b>v</b> flags. This allows users to determine for themselves whether or - not they are allowed to use <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b>. + not they are allowed to use <b>sudo</b>. - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> can log both successful and unsuccessful attempts (as well as - errors) to <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>syslog</i>(3)</a>, a log file, or both. By default <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will log + <b>sudo</b> can log both successful and unsuccessful attempts (as well as + errors) to <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>syslog</i>(3)</a>, a log file, or both. By default <b>sudo</b> will log via <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>syslog</i>(3)</a> but this is changeable at configure time or via the <i>sudo-</i> <i>ers</i> file. -<a name="O%3c%2fbOP%3c%2fbPT%3c%2fbTI%3c%2fbIO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbNS%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>O</bOP</bPT</bTI</bIO</bON</bNS</bS</b></a> - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> accepts the following command line options: +<a name="OPTIONS" href="#end"><b>OPTIONS</b></a> + <b>sudo</b> accepts the following command line options: - -V The <b>-</b<b>-V</b<b>V</b> (<i>version</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to print the version number and - exit. If the invoking user is already root the <b>-</b<b>-V</b<b>V</b> option will - print out a list of the defaults <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> was compiled with as well as + -V The <b>-V</b> (<i>version</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to print the version number and + exit. If the invoking user is already root the <b>-V</b> option will + print out a list of the defaults <b>sudo</b> was compiled with as well as the machine's local network addresses. - -l The <b>-</b<b>-l</b<b>l</b> (<i>list</i>) option will list out the allowed (and forbidden) com- + -l The <b>-l</b> (<i>list</i>) option will list out the allowed (and forbidden) com- mands for the user on the current host. - -L The <b>-</b<b>-L</b<b>L</b> (<i>list</i> defaults) option will list out the parameters that may + -L The <b>-L</b> (<i>list</i> defaults) option will list out the parameters that may be set in a <i>Defaults</i> line along with a short description for each. This option is useful in conjunction with <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>grep</i>(1)</a>. - -h The <b>-</b<b>-h</b<b>h</b> (<i>help</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to print a usage message and exit. + -h The <b>-h</b> (<i>help</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to print a usage message and exit. - -v If given the <b>-</b<b>-v</b<b>v</b> (<i>validate</i>) option, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will update the user's + -v If given the <b>-v</b> (<i>validate</i>) option, <b>sudo</b> will update the user's timestamp, prompting for the user's password if necessary. This - extends the <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> timeout for another 5 minutes (or whatever the + extends the <b>sudo</b> timeout for another 5 minutes (or whatever the timeout is set to in <i>sudoers</i>) but does not run a command. - -k The <b>-</b<b>-k</b<b>k</b> (<i>kill</i>) option to <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> invalidates the user's timestamp by - setting the time on it to the epoch. The next time <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> is run a + -k The <b>-k</b> (<i>kill</i>) option to <b>sudo</b> invalidates the user's timestamp by + setting the time on it to the epoch. The next time <b>sudo</b> is run a password will be required. This option does not require a password - and was added to allow a user to revoke <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> permissions from a + and was added to allow a user to revoke <b>sudo</b> permissions from a .logout file. - -K The <b>-</b<b>-K</b<b>K</b> (sure <i>kill</i>) option to <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> removes the user's timestamp + -K The <b>-K</b> (sure <i>kill</i>) option to <b>sudo</b> removes the user's timestamp entirely. Likewise, this option does not require a password. - -b The <b>-</b<b>-b</b<b>b</b> (<i>background</i>) option tells <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to run the given command in - the background. Note that if you use the <b>-</b<b>-b</b<b>b</b> option you cannot use + -b The <b>-b</b> (<i>background</i>) option tells <b>sudo</b> to run the given command in + the background. Note that if you use the <b>-b</b> option you cannot use shell job control to manipulate the process. - -p The <b>-</b<b>-p</b<b>p</b> (<i>prompt</i>) option allows you to override the default password + -p The <b>-p</b> (<i>prompt</i>) option allows you to override the default password prompt and use a custom one. If the password prompt contains the %u escape, %u will be replaced with the user's login name. Simi- larly, %h will be replaced with the local hostname. - -c The <b>-</b<b>-c</b<b>c</b> (<i>class</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to run the specified command with + -c The <b>-c</b> (<i>class</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to run the specified command with resources limited by the specified login class. The <i>class</i> argument can be either a class name as defined in /etc/login.conf, or a sin- gle '-' character. Specifying a <i>class</i> of - indicates that the com- mand should be run restricted by the default login capabilities for the user the command is run as. If the <i>class</i> argument specifies an - existing user class, the command must be run as root, or the <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> + existing user class, the command must be run as root, or the <b>sudo</b> command must be run from a shell that is already root. This option - is only available on systems with BSD login classes where <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> has + is only available on systems with BSD login classes where <b>sudo</b> has been configured with the --with-logincap option. - -a The <b>-</b<b>-a</b<b>a</b> (<i>authentication</i> <i>type</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to use the speci- + -a The <b>-a</b> (<i>authentication</i> <i>type</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to use the speci- fied authentication type when validating the user, as allowed by /etc/login.conf. The system administrator may specify a list of sudo-specific authentication methods by adding an "auth-sudo" entry in /etc/login.conf. This option is only available on systems that - support BSD authentication where <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> has been configured with the + support BSD authentication where <b>sudo</b> has been configured with the --with-bsdauth option. - -u The <b>-</b<b>-u</b<b>u</b> (<i>user</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to run the specified command as a + -u The <b>-u</b> (<i>user</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to run the specified command as a user other than <i>root</i>. To specify a <i>uid</i> instead of a <i>username</i>, use <i>#uid</i>. - -s The <b>-</b<b>-s</b<b>s</b> (<i>shell</i>) option runs the shell specified by the <i>SHELL</i> envi- + -s The <b>-s</b> (<i>shell</i>) option runs the shell specified by the <i>SHELL</i> envi- ronment variable if it is set or the shell as specified in <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>passwd</i>(5)</a>. - -H The <b>-</b<b>-H</b<b>H</b> (<i>HOME</i>) option sets the HOME environment variable to the + -H The <b>-H</b> (<i>HOME</i>) option sets the HOME environment variable to the homedir of the target user (root by default) as specified in - <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>passwd</i>(5)</a>. By default, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> does not modify HOME. + <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>passwd</i>(5)</a>. By default, <b>sudo</b> does not modify HOME. - -P The <b>-</b<b>-P</b<b>P</b> (<i>preserve</i> <i>group</i> <i>vector</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to preserve the - user's group vector unaltered. By default, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will initialize + -P The <b>-P</b> (<i>preserve</i> <i>group</i> <i>vector</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to preserve the + user's group vector unaltered. By default, <b>sudo</b> will initialize the group vector to the list of groups the target user is in. The real and effective group IDs, however, are still set to match the target user. - -S The <b>-</b<b>-S</b<b>S</b> (<i>stdin</i>) option causes <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to read the password from stan- + -S The <b>-S</b> (<i>stdin</i>) option causes <b>sudo</b> to read the password from stan- dard input instead of the terminal device. - -- The <b>-</b<b>--</b<b>-</b> flag indicates that <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> should stop processing command line - arguments. It is most useful in conjunction with the <b>-</b<b>-s</b<b>s</b> flag. + -- The <b>--</b> flag indicates that <b>sudo</b> should stop processing command line + arguments. It is most useful in conjunction with the <b>-s</b> flag. -<a name="R%3c%2fbRE%3c%2fbET%3c%2fbTU%3c%2fbUR%3c%2fbRN%3c%2fbN_V%3c%2fbVA%3c%2fbAL%3c%2fbLU%3c%2fbUE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>R</bRE</bET</bTU</bUR</bRN</bN V</bVA</bAL</bLU</bUE</bES</bS</b></a> - Upon successful execution of a program, the return value from <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will +<a name="RETURN VALUES" href="#end"><b>RETURN VALUES</b></a> + Upon successful execution of a program, the return value from <b>sudo</b> will simply be the return value of the program that was executed. - Otherwise, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> quits with an exit value of 1 if there is a configura- - tion/permission problem or if <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> cannot execute the given command. - In the latter case the error string is printed to stderr. If <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> can- + Otherwise, <b>sudo</b> quits with an exit value of 1 if there is a configura- + tion/permission problem or if <b>sudo</b> cannot execute the given command. + In the latter case the error string is printed to stderr. If <b>sudo</b> can- not <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>stat</i>(2)</a> one or more entries in the user's PATH an error is printed on stderr. (If the directory does not exist or if it is not really a directory, the entry is ignored and no error is printed.) This should @@ -586,40 +586,40 @@ mounter and one of the directories in your PATH is on a machine that is currently unreachable. -<a name="S%3c%2fbSE%3c%2fbEC%3c%2fbCU%3c%2fbUR%3c%2fbRI%3c%2fbIT%3c%2fbTY%3c%2fbY_N%3c%2fbNO%3c%2fbOT%3c%2fbTE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>S</bSE</bEC</bCU</bUR</bRI</bIT</bTY</bY N</bNO</bOT</bTE</bES</bS</b></a> - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> tries to be safe when executing external commands. Variables that +<a name="SECURITY NOTES" href="#end"><b>SECURITY NOTES</b></a> + <b>sudo</b> tries to be safe when executing external commands. Variables that control how dynamic loading and binding is done can be used to subvert - the program that <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> runs. To combat this the LD_*, _RLD_*, + the program that <b>sudo</b> runs. To combat this the LD_*, _RLD_*, SHLIB_PATH (HP-UX only), and LIBPATH (AIX only) environment variables are removed from the environment passed on to all commands executed. - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will also remove the IFS, ENV, BASH_ENV, KRB_CONF, KRBCONFDIR, + <b>sudo</b> will also remove the IFS, ENV, BASH_ENV, KRB_CONF, KRBCONFDIR, KRBTKFILE, KRB5_CONFIG, LOCALDOMAIN, RES_OPTIONS, HOSTALIASES, NLSPATH, PATH_LOCALE, TERMINFO, TERMINFO_DIRS and TERMPATH variables as they too can pose a threat. If the TERMCAP variable is set and is a pathname, it too is ignored. Additionally, if the LC_* or LANGUAGE variables - contain the / or % characters, they are ignored. If <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> has been com- + contain the / or % characters, they are ignored. If <b>sudo</b> has been com- piled with SecurID support, the VAR_ACE, USR_ACE and DLC_ACE variables - are cleared as well. The list of environment variables that <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> + are cleared as well. The list of environment variables that <b>sudo</b> clears is contained in the output of sudo -V when run as root. - To prevent command spoofing, <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> checks "." and "" (both denoting cur- + To prevent command spoofing, <b>sudo</b> checks "." and "" (both denoting cur- rent directory) last when searching for a command in the user's PATH (if one or both are in the PATH). Note, however, that the actual PATH environment variable is <i>not</i> modified and is passed unchanged to the - program that <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> executes. + program that <b>sudo</b> executes. For security reasons, if your OS supports shared libraries and does not disable user-defined library search paths for setuid programs (most do), you should either use a linker option that disables this behavior - or link <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> statically. + or link <b>sudo</b> statically. - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will check the ownership of its timestamp directory (<i>/var/run/sudo</i> + <b>sudo</b> will check the ownership of its timestamp directory (<i>/var/run/sudo</i> by default) and ignore the directory's contents if it is not owned by root and only writable by root. On systems that allow non-root users to give away files via <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>chown</i>(2)</a>, if the timestamp directory is located in a directory writable by anyone (e.g.: <i>/tmp</i>), it is possible for a - user to create the timestamp directory before <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> is run. However, - because <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> checks the ownership and mode of the directory and its + user to create the timestamp directory before <b>sudo</b> is run. However, + because <b>sudo</b> checks the ownership and mode of the directory and its contents, the only damage that can be done is to "hide" files by putting them in the timestamp dir. This is unlikely to happen since once the timestamp dir is owned by root and inaccessible by any other @@ -629,21 +629,21 @@ <i>/var/run/sudo</i> with the appropriate owner (root) and permissions (0700) in the system startup files. - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will not honor timestamps set far in the future. Timestamps with + <b>sudo</b> will not honor timestamps set far in the future. Timestamps with a date greater than current_time + 2 * TIMEOUT will be ignored and sudo will log and complain. This is done to keep a user from creating his/her own timestamp with a bogus date on systems that allow users to give away files. - Please note that <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> will only log the command it explicitly runs. If + Please note that <b>sudo</b> will only log the command it explicitly runs. If a user runs a command such as sudo su or sudo sh, subsequent commands - run from that shell will <i>not</i> be logged, nor will <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b>'s access control + run from that shell will <i>not</i> be logged, nor will <b>sudo</b>'s access control affect them. The same is true for commands that offer shell escapes (including most editors). Because of this, care must be taken when - giving users access to commands via <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> to verify that the command + giving users access to commands via <b>sudo</b> to verify that the command does not inadvertantly give the user an effective root shell. -<a name="E%3c%2fbEX%3c%2fbXA%3c%2fbAM%3c%2fbMP%3c%2fbPL%3c%2fbLE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>E</bEX</bXA</bAM</bMP</bPL</bLE</bES</bS</b></a> +<a name="EXAMPLES" href="#end"><b>EXAMPLES</b></a> Note: the following examples assume suitable <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudoers&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>sudoers</i>(5)</a> entries. To get a file listing of an unreadable directory: @@ -669,8 +669,8 @@ % sudo sh -c "cd /home ; du -s * | sort -rn > USAGE" -<a name="E%3c%2fbEN%3c%2fbNV%3c%2fbVI%3c%2fbIR%3c%2fbRO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbNM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbEN%3c%2fbNT%3c%2fbT" href="#end"><b>E</bEN</bNV</bVI</bIR</bRO</bON</bNM</bME</bEN</bNT</bT</b></a> - <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> utilizes the following environment variables: +<a name="ENVIRONMENT" href="#end"><b>ENVIRONMENT</b></a> + <b>sudo</b> utilizes the following environment variables: PATH Set to a sane value if SECURE_PATH is set SHELL Used to determine shell to run with -s option @@ -686,31 +686,31 @@ SUDO_GID Set to the gid of the user who invoked sudo SUDO_PS1 If set, PS1 will be set to its value -<a name="F%3c%2fbFI%3c%2fbIL%3c%2fbLE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>F</bFI</bIL</bLE</bES</bS</b></a> +<a name="FILES" href="#end"><b>FILES</b></a> /etc/sudoers List of who can run what /var/run/sudo Directory containing timestamps -<a name="A%3c%2fbAU%3c%2fbUT%3c%2fbTH%3c%2fbHO%3c%2fbOR%3c%2fbRS%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>A</bAU</bUT</bTH</bHO</bOR</bRS</bS</b></a> - Many people have worked on <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> over the years; this version consists +<a name="AUTHORS" href="#end"><b>AUTHORS</b></a> + Many people have worked on <b>sudo</b> over the years; this version consists of code written primarily by: Todd Miller Chris Jepeway - See the HISTORY file in the <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> distribution or visit - <a href="http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html">http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html</a>; for a short history of <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b>. + See the HISTORY file in the <b>sudo</b> distribution or visit + <a href="http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html">http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html</a>; for a short history of <b>sudo</b>. -<a name="B%3c%2fbBU%3c%2fbUG%3c%2fbGS%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>B</bBU</bUG</bGS</bS</b></a> +<a name="BUGS" href="#end"><b>BUGS</b></a> If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a bug report at <a href="http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/">http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/</a>; -<a name="D%3c%2fbDI%3c%2fbIS%3c%2fbSC%3c%2fbCL%3c%2fbLA%3c%2fbAI%3c%2fbIM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbER%3c%2fbR" href="#end"><b>D</bDI</bIS</bSC</bCL</bLA</bAI</bIM</bME</bER</bR</b></a> - <b>S</b<b>Su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> is provided ``AS IS'' and any express or implied warranties, +<a name="DISCLAIMER" href="#end"><b>DISCLAIMER</b></a> + <b>Sudo</b> is provided ``AS IS'' and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantabil- ity and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the - LICENSE file distributed with <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> for complete details. + LICENSE file distributed with <b>sudo</b> for complete details. -<a name="C%3c%2fbCA%3c%2fbAV%3c%2fbVE%3c%2fbEA%3c%2fbAT%3c%2fbTS%3c%2fbS" href="#end"><b>C</bCA</bAV</bVE</bEA</bAT</bTS</bS</b></a> +<a name="CAVEATS" href="#end"><b>CAVEATS</b></a> There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if that user has access to commands allowing shell escapes. @@ -718,12 +718,12 @@ their own program that gives them a root shell regardless of any '!' elements in the user specification. - Running shell scripts via <b>s</b<b>su</b<b>ud</b<b>do</b<b>o</b> can expose the same kernel bugs that + Running shell scripts via <b>sudo</b> can expose the same kernel bugs that make setuid shell scripts unsafe on some operating systems (if your OS supports the /dev/fd/ directory, setuid shell scripts are generally safe). -<a name="S%3c%2fbSE%3c%2fbEE%3c%2fbE_A%3c%2fbAL%3c%2fbLS%3c%2fbSO%3c%2fbO" href="#end"><b>S</bSE</bEE</bE A</bAL</bLS</bSO</bO</b></a> +<a name="SEE_ALSO" href="#end"><b>SEE_ALSO</b></a> <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>stat</i>(2)</a>, <i>login</i><b>_</b><a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=cap&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>cap</i>(3)</a>, <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudoers&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>sudoers</i>(5)</a>, <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>passwd</i>(5)</a>, <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=visudo&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>visudo</i>(8)</a>, <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>grep</i>(1)</a>, <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9"><i>su</i>(1)</a>. @@ -731,20 +731,21 @@ </pre> <a name="end" /> <hr /> -<a href="#N%3c%2fbNA%3c%2fbAM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbE">N</bNA</bAM</bME</bE</a> | -<a href="#S%3c%2fbSY%3c%2fbYN%3c%2fbNO%3c%2fbOP%3c%2fbPS%3c%2fbSI%3c%2fbIS%3c%2fbS">S</bSY</bYN</bNO</bOP</bPS</bSI</bIS</bS</a> | -<a href="#D%3c%2fbDE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbSC%3c%2fbCR%3c%2fbRI%3c%2fbIP%3c%2fbPT%3c%2fbTI%3c%2fbIO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbN">D</bDE</bES</bSC</bCR</bRI</bIP</bPT</bTI</bIO</bON</bN</a> | -<a href="#O%3c%2fbOP%3c%2fbPT%3c%2fbTI%3c%2fbIO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbNS%3c%2fbS">O</bOP</bPT</bTI</bIO</bON</bNS</bS</a> | -<a href="#R%3c%2fbRE%3c%2fbET%3c%2fbTU%3c%2fbUR%3c%2fbRN%3c%2fbN_V%3c%2fbVA%3c%2fbAL%3c%2fbLU%3c%2fbUE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS">R</bRE</bET</bTU</bUR</bRN</bN V</bVA</bAL</bLU</bUE</bES</bS</a> | -<a href="#S%3c%2fbSE%3c%2fbEC%3c%2fbCU%3c%2fbUR%3c%2fbRI%3c%2fbIT%3c%2fbTY%3c%2fbY_N%3c%2fbNO%3c%2fbOT%3c%2fbTE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS">S</bSE</bEC</bCU</bUR</bRI</bIT</bTY</bY N</bNO</bOT</bTE</bES</bS</a> | -<a href="#E%3c%2fbEX%3c%2fbXA%3c%2fbAM%3c%2fbMP%3c%2fbPL%3c%2fbLE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS">E</bEX</bXA</bAM</bMP</bPL</bLE</bES</bS</a> | -<a href="#E%3c%2fbEN%3c%2fbNV%3c%2fbVI%3c%2fbIR%3c%2fbRO%3c%2fbON%3c%2fbNM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbEN%3c%2fbNT%3c%2fbT">E</bEN</bNV</bVI</bIR</bRO</bON</bNM</bME</bEN</bNT</bT</a> | -<a href="#F%3c%2fbFI%3c%2fbIL%3c%2fbLE%3c%2fbES%3c%2fbS">F</bFI</bIL</bLE</bES</bS</a> | -<a href="#A%3c%2fbAU%3c%2fbUT%3c%2fbTH%3c%2fbHO%3c%2fbOR%3c%2fbRS%3c%2fbS">A</bAU</bUT</bTH</bHO</bOR</bRS</bS</a> | -<a href="#B%3c%2fbBU%3c%2fbUG%3c%2fbGS%3c%2fbS">B</bBU</bUG</bGS</bS</a> | -<a href="#D%3c%2fbDI%3c%2fbIS%3c%2fbSC%3c%2fbCL%3c%2fbLA%3c%2fbAI%3c%2fbIM%3c%2fbME%3c%2fbER%3c%2fbR">D</bDI</bIS</bSC</bCL</bLA</bAI</bIM</bME</bER</bR</a> | -<a href="#C%3c%2fbCA%3c%2fbAV%3c%2fbVE%3c%2fbEA%3c%2fbAT%3c%2fbTS%3c%2fbS">C</bCA</bAV</bVE</bEA</bAT</bTS</bS</a> | -<a href="#S%3c%2fbSE%3c%2fbEE%3c%2fbE_A%3c%2fbAL%3c%2fbLS%3c%2fbSO%3c%2fbO">S</bSE</bEE</bE A</bAL</bLS</bSO</bO</a> +<a href="#NAME">NAME</a> | +<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a> | +<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a> | +<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a> | +<a href="#RETURN_VALUES">RETURN VALUES</a> | +<a href="#SECURITY_NOTES">SECURITY NOTES</a> | +<a href="#ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a> | +<a href="#FILES">FILES</a> | +<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a> | +<a href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</a> | +<a href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a> | +<a href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a> | +<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a> | +<a href="#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a> | +<a href="#DISCLAIMER">DISCLAIMER</a> <p align="left">Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:<br/><<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudo&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9">http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudo&manpath=Red+Hat+Linux%2fi386+9</a>></p>; <a href="/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=">home</a> | <a href="/cgi/man.cgi/help.html">help</a> <hr noshade="noshade" /> >Release-Note: >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted:
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