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Date:      Sat, 04 Dec 1999 16:13:11 -0600 (CST)
From:      Don Read <dread@texas.net>
To:        Ariel Burbaickij <Ariel.Burbaickij@mni.fh-giessen.de>
Cc:        freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject:   RE: are these natural limits posed on FreeBSD or is simply someh
Message-ID:  <XFMail.991204161311.dread@texas.net>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.4.10.9912041102250.4109-100000@sun33>

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On 04-Dec-99 Ariel Burbaickij wrote:
> The question is actually about Internet routing.So far I have seen
> most of the medium-sized hosts \ge 200 machines use CISCO machines
> for routing.Yet fbsd claims to be the OS expecially suitable for
> Internet services and has some of the routing protocols in its
> suite of programms(I believe I have seen routed and gated).So
> the first question is:Is it true that fbsd or with some constraints
> of PC-architecture(not enough network interfaces)in mind nbsd
> are not widely used for routing purposes?If the answer to
> the previous question should fall in affirmative:What are the reasons?
> If not and my subjective impression is false where can I see some
> statistic about succesfully installed routers based on fbsd/netbsd?
> 
> 

Rather than risk insanity, Let's re-phrase your questions:

Q. Why are there more Cisco routers on the big-I Internet than FreeBSD boxes.

A. Routing speeds can be increased with specialised chipsets; designed for
nothing but pushing packets. For dedicated routing; usually you get a better
performance/cost ratio using a blackbox than a general purpose computer
such as x86 PeeCees. (BTW-Did you ask yourself why are there more http/ftp/mail
servers on XYZ than Cisco ?) 

If you make the assumption that any PPP dial-up is routing (some will argue)
Then the thousands of FreeBSD, millions (?) of Linux, and giggles of MSWindows
connections are far and away more common. 

Q. Is there something about PC's or FreeBSD that limits it from being more
widely used as a router.

A. Not in any reasonable setting. If you can find a slot & a IRQ for your
card, add in the pseudo interfaces (lp0, ppp0, sl0), the hardware limit is 
pretty large. for my rather modest setup, 'routed' works fine.

Q. Any stats ?

From my internal network:
192.168.3     5 hosts FreeBSD/SCO/Data Gen
192.168.170 ~50 hosts FreeBSD/SCO/Data Gen/Windows9x
192.168.172   7 hosts Windows95
192.168.179 ~30 hosts FreeBSD/HP/WindowsNT/Windows9x

(aus-gw is a 486-33/8Meg FreeBSD 2.2.8) 

aus-gw.dread$ uptime
 3:54PM  up 53 days, 13:06, 1 user, load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

aus-gw.dread$ ifconfig -a
ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.170.29 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.170.255
        ether 00:40:05:12:75:f3 
fe0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.179.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.179.255
        ether 00:00:f4:ab:54:14 
fe1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.172.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.172.255
        ether 00:00:f4:ab:54:7b 
lp0: flags=8810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
tun0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
sl0: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 552
ppp0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 

aus-gw.dread$ netstat -ni
Name  Mtu   Network       Address            Ipkts Ierrs    Opkts Oerrs  Coll
ed0   1500  <Link>      00.40.05.12.75.f3 11036932     0  5652412    26 344461
ed0   1500  192.168.170   192.168.170.29  11036932     0  5652412    26 344461
fe0   1500  <Link>      00.00.f4.ab.54.14  8688093  1085  5304848   518 224043
fe0   1500  192.168.179   192.168.179.2    8688093  1085  5304848   518 224043
fe1   1500  <Link>      00.00.f4.ab.54.7b  3752440  4391  1820845     0  2460
fe1   1500  192.168.172   192.168.172.2    3752440  4391  1820845     0  2460
lp0*  1500  <Link>                               0     0        0     0     0
tun0* 1500  <Link>                               0     0        0     0     0
sl0*  552   <Link>                               0     0        0     0     0
ppp0* 1500  <Link>                               0     0        0     0     0
lo0   16384 <Link>                           99191     0    99191     0     0
lo0   16384 127           127.0.0.1          99191     0    99191     0     0

aus-gw.dread$ netstat -nr
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            192.168.170.18     UGSc        2    51557       ed0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          2    99091       lo0
192.168.3          192.168.170.8      UGc         1        0       ed0
192.168.170        link#1             UC          0        0 
192.168.170.7      2:cf:1f:b0:65:34   UHLW        1        2       ed0   1170
192.168.170.8      0:40:95:e1:71:e    UHLW        5   497171       ed0   1189
192.168.170.10     8:0:2b:c3:41:58    UHLW        0      232       ed0     37
192.168.170.18     48:4f:4d:0:2c:3d   UHLW        2  2313906       ed0    885
192.168.170.19     0:40:5:5e:c7:bf    UHLW        1  1367902       ed0    881
192.168.170.51     0:40:5:3d:39:9d    UHLW        0       11       ed0    956
192.168.170.81     0:40:5:69:b8:ad    UHLW        0       11       ed0    842
192.168.170.122    0:a0:cc:39:90:8    UHLW        0       99       ed0    602
192.168.170.255    ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  UHLWb       1    15604       ed0
192.168.172        link#3             UC          0        0 
192.168.172.11     link#3             UHLW        1      221 
192.168.172.255    ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  UHLWb       0    15604       fe1
192.168.172        link#3             UC          0        0 
192.168.172.2      0:0:f4:ab:54:7b    UHLW        0        4       lo0
192.168.172.11     link#3             UHLW        1      221 
192.168.172.255    ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  UHLWb       0    15634       fe1
192.168.179        link#2             UC          0        0 
192.168.179.2      0:0:f4:ab:54:14    UHLW        0        4       lo0
192.168.179.3      0:60:97:c0:29:f    UHLW        0        5       fe0    537
192.168.179.4      0:60:97:5e:59:2    UHLW        0     1323       fe0    233
192.168.179.5      0:40:5:43:7b:2c    UHLW        0    27962       fe0    940
192.168.179.6      0:40:5:57:22:13    UHLW        0      972       fe0    456
192.168.179.7      0:a0:cc:39:9e:e9   UHLW        0     4433       fe0    941
192.168.179.8      0:40:5:43:7c:55    UHLW        0      465       fe0    647
192.168.179.9      0:90:27:86:3e:f1   UHLW        1   514384       fe0   1125
192.168.179.11     8:0:9:95:e2:5a     UHLW        0    42697       fe0   1018
192.168.179.12     0:a0:cc:27:5b:75   UHLW        0    89335       fe0    700
192.168.179.13     0:20:af:39:4a:d4   UHLW        0     2499       fe0    687
192.168.179.14     0:50:4:7f:34:9e    UHLW        0   169102       fe0    680
192.168.179.15     0:90:27:21:fb:b5   UHLW        0     2200       fe0    980
192.168.179.17     0:50:4:70:a8:55    UHLW        0      339       fe0   1053
192.168.179.18     0:50:da:1a:a0:21   UHLW        0      375       fe0    728
192.168.179.19     0:10:5a:c8:b6:cd   UHLW        0      375       fe0    759
192.168.179.20     0:50:da:1a:ae:8d   UHLW        0      120       fe0     30
192.168.179.33     8:0:9:95:d2:55     UHLW        0     9308       fe0   1113
192.168.179.34     0:c0:2:a2:60:83    UHLW        0        0       fe0   1153
192.168.179.49     0:10:5a:a7:3b:b0   UHLW        0    25712       fe0    794
192.168.179.57     8:0:9:95:c2:4a     UHLW        1      846       fe0    291
192.168.179.198    0:60:b0:ca:cd:ab   UHLW        0        0       fe0   1153
192.168.179.199    0:10:83:5c:82:d0   UHLW        1       16       fe0   1153
192.168.179.255    ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  UHLWb       0    15634       fe0
209.99.46          192.168.170.8      UGc         1    25978       ed0
aus-gw.dread$ 

Regards,
-- 
Don Read                                 dread@calcasieu.com
EDP Manager                                  dread@texas.net
Calcasieu Lumber Co.                               Austin TX
-- No Coffee   No Peace


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