From owner-freebsd-questions Fri May 15 17:03:25 1998 Return-Path: Received: (from majordom@localhost) by hub.freebsd.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) id RAA29760 for freebsd-questions-outgoing; Fri, 15 May 1998 17:03:25 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG) Received: (from grog@localhost) by hub.freebsd.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) id RAA29321 for FreeBSD-questions@FreeBSD.org; Fri, 15 May 1998 17:02:11 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from grog) Date: Fri, 15 May 1998 17:02:11 -0700 (PDT) From: Greg Lehey Message-Id: <199805160002.RAA29321@hub.freebsd.org> To: FreeBSD-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: "The Complete FreeBSD", second edition: errata and addenda Sender: owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Precedence: bulk X-Loop: FreeBSD.ORG Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition Last revision: 12 May 1998 The trouble with books is that you can't update them the way you can a web page or any other online documentation. The result is that most leading edge com- puter books are out of date almost before they are printed. Unfortunately, ``The Complete FreeBSD'', published by Walnut Creek, is no exception. The sec- ond edition has only just been published, but already a number of bugs and changes have surfaced. The following is a list of modifications which go beyond simple typos. They relate to the second edition, formatted on 16 December 1997. If you have this book, please check this list. If you have the first edition of 19 July 1996, please check ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-1. This same file is also available via the web link http://www.lemis.com/. This list is available in four forms: o A PostScript version, suitable for printing out, at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.ps. See page 222 of the book to find out how to print out PostScript. If at all possible, please take this docu- ment: it's closest to the original text. Be careful selecting this file with a web browser: it is often impossible to reload the document, and you may see a previously cached version. o An enhanced ASCII version at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.txt. When viewed with more or less, this version will show some highlighting and under- lining. It's not suitable for direct viewing. o An ASCII-only version at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.ascii. This version is posted every week to the FreeBSD-questions mailing list. Only take this version if you have real problems with PostScript: I can't be sure that the lack of different fonts won't confuse the meaning. o A web version at http://www.lemis.com/errata-2.html. All these modifications have been applied to the ongoing source text of the book, so if you buy a later edition, they will be in it as well. If you find a bug or a suspected bug in the book, please contact me at General changes _______________ o In a number of places, I suggest the use of the following command to find process information: $ ps aux | grep foo Unfortunately, ps is sensitive to the column width of the terminal emulator upon which it is working. This command usually works fine on a relatively wide xterm, but if you're running on an 80-column terminal, it may truncate exactly the information you're looking for, so you end up with no output. You can fix that with the w option: $ ps waux | grep foo Thanks to Sue Blake for this information Location of the sample files ____________________________ The 2.2.5 CD-ROM came out before the book, and it contains the files on the third (repository) CD-ROM as a single gzipped tar file /xperimnt/cfbsd/cfbsd.tar.gz. It contains the following files: drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 13:01 1997 cfbsd/ drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 13:01 1997 cfbsd/mutt/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 352 Oct 15 15:21 1997 cfbsd/mutt/.mail_aliases -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 9394 Oct 15 15:22 1997 cfbsd/mutt/.muttrc drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 14:02 1997 cfbsd/scripts/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 18281 Oct 16 16:52 1997 cfbsd/scripts/.fvwm2rc -rwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 1392 Oct 17 12:54 1997 cfbsd/scripts/install-desktop -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 296 Oct 17 12:35 1997 cfbsd/scripts/.xinitrc -rwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 622 Oct 17 13:51 1997 cfbsd/scripts/install-rcfiles -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 1133 Oct 17 13:00 1997 cfbsd/scripts/Uutry -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 1028 Oct 17 14:02 1997 cfbsd/scripts/README drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 18 19:32 1997 cfbsd/docs/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 199111 Oct 16 14:29 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages.txt -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 189333 Oct 16 14:28 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages-by-category.txt -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 188108 Oct 16 14:29 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages.ps -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 226439 Oct 16 14:27 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages-by-category.ps -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 788 Oct 16 15:01 1997 cfbsd/README -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 248 Oct 17 11:52 1997 cfbsd/errata To extract one of these files, say cfbsd/docs/packages.txt, and assuming you have the CD-ROM mounted as /cdrom, enter: # cd /usr/share/doc # tar xvzf /cdrom/xperimnt/cfbsd/cfbsd.tar.gz cfbsd/docs/packages.txt See page 209 for more information on using tar. These files are an early version of what is described in the book. I'll put up some updated versions on ftp://ftp.lemis.com/ in the near future. Thanks to Frank McCormick for drawing this to my attention. Page xxxiv __________ Before the discussion of the shell prompts in the middle of the page, add: In this book, I recommend the use of the Bourne shell or one of its descendents (sh, bash, pdksh, ksh or zsh). With the exception of sh, they are all in the Ports Collection. I personally use the bash shell. This is a personal preference, and a recommendation, but it's not the standard shell. The standard BSD shell is the C shell (csh), which has a fuller-fea- tured descendent tcsh. In particular, the standard installation sets the root user up with a csh. See page 152 (in this errata) for details of how to change the shell. Page 12: Printing the handbook ______________________________ The instructions for formatting the handbook are obsolete. Replace the section starting Alternatively, you can print out the handbook with the following text: Alternatively, you can print out the handbook. You need to have the documenta- tion sources (/usr/doc) installed on your system. You can find them on the second CD-ROM in the directory of the same name. To install them, first mount your CD-ROM (see page 175). Then enter: $ cd /cdrom/usr/doc/handbook $ mkdir -p /usr/doc/handbook you may need to be root for this operation $ cp -pr * /usr/doc/handbook You have a choice of formats for the output: o ascii will give you plain 7-bit ASCII output, suitable for reading on a char- acter-mode terminal. o html will give you HTML output, suitable for browsing with a web browser. o latex will give you LATEX format, suitable for further processing with TEX and LATEX. o ps will give you PostScript output, probably the best choice for printing. o roff will give you output in troff source. You can process this output with nroff or troff, but it's currently not very polished. LATEX output is a bet- ter choice if you want to process it further. Once you have decided your format, use make to create the document. For exam- ple, if you decide on PostScript format, you would enter: $ make FORMATS=ps This creates a file handbook.ps which you can then print to a PostScript print- er or with the aid of ghostscript (see page 222). Thanks to Bob Beer for drawing this to my attention. Page 45: Preparing floppies for installation _____________________________________________ Replace the paragraph below the list of file names (in the middle of the page) with: The floppy set should contain the file bin.inf and the ones whose names start with bin. followed by two letters. These other files are all 240640 bytes long, except for the final one which is usually shorter. Use the MS-DOS COPY program to copy as many files as will fit onto each disk (5 or 6) until you've got all the distributions you want packed up in this fashion. Copy each dis- tribution into subdirectory corresponding to the base name--for example, copy the bin distribution to the files A:\BIN\BIN.INF, A:\BIN\BIN.AA and so on. Page 80 and 81 ______________ In a couple of examples, the FreeBSD partition is shown as type 164. It should be 165. Thanks to an unknown contributer for this correction (sorry, I lost your name). Page 88: setting up for dumping _______________________________ The example mentions a variable savecore in /etc/rc.conf. This variable is no longer used--it's enough to set the variable dumpdev. Page 92 _______ At the end of the section How to install a package add the text: Alternatively, you can install packages from the /stand/sysinstall Final Con- figuration Menu. We saw this menu on page in figure 4-14 on page 71. When you start sysinstall from the command line, you get to this menu by selecting In- dex, and then selecting Configure. Page 93 _______ Before the heading Install ports from the first CD-ROM add: Install ports when installing the system ________________________________________ The file ports/ports.tgz on the first CD-ROM is a tar archive containing all the ports. You can install it with the base system if you select the Custom distribution and include the ports collection. If you didn't install them at the time, use the following method to install them all (about 40 MB). Make sure your CD-ROM is mounted (in this example on /cdrom), and enter: Page 96 _______ After the example at the top of the page, add: If you're using csh or tcsh, enter: # cd /cdrom/ports/distfiles # mkdir -p /usr/ports/distfiles make sure you have a distfiles directory # foreach i (*) ? ln -s $i /usr/ports/distfiles/$i ? end Thanks to Christopher Raven for drawing this to my atten- tion. Page 128 ________ Replace the complete text below the example with the following: These values are defaults, and many are either incorrect for FreeBSD (for exam- ple the device name /dev/com1) or do not apply at all (for example Xqueue). If you are configuring manually, select one Protocol and one Device entry from the following selection. If you must use a two-button mouse, uncomment the keyword Emulate3Buttons--in this mode, pressing both mouse buttons simultaneously with- in Emulate3Timeout milliseconds causes the server to report a middle button press. Section "Pointer" Protocol "Microsoft" for Microsoft protocol mice Protocol "MouseMan" for Logitech mice Protocol "PS/2" for a PS/2 mouse Protocol "Busmouse" for a bus mouse Device "/dev/ttyd0" for a mouse on the first serial port Device "/dev/ttyd1" for a mouse on the second serial port Device "/dev/ttyd2" for a mouse on the third serial port Device "/dev/ttyd3" for a mouse on the fourth serial port Device "/dev/psm0" for a PS/2 mouse Device "/dev/mse0" for a bus mouse Emulate3Buttons only for a two-button mouse EndSection You'll notice that the protocol name does not always match the manufacturer's name. In particular, the Logitech protocol only applies to older Logitech mice. The newer ones use either the MouseMan or Microsoft protocols. Nearly all modern serial mice run one of these two protocols, and most run both. If you are using a bus mouse or a PS/2 mouse, make sure that the device driver is included in the kernel. The GENERIC kernel contains drivers for both mice, but the PS/2 driver is disabled. Use UserConfig (see page 50) to enable it. Page 140 ________ Just before the paragraph The super user add the following paragraph: If you do manage to lose the root password, all may not be lost. Reboot the machine to single user mode (see page 157), and enter: # mount -u / mount root file system read/write # passwd root change the password for root Enter new password: Enter password again: # ^D enter ctrl-D to continue with startup Note that you should explicitly state the name root: in single user mode, the system doesn't have the concept of user IDs. Page 148 ________ Replace the text at the top of the page with: Modern shells supply command line editing which resembles the editors vi or Emacs. In bash, sh, ksh, and zsh you can make the choice by entering Page 152 ________ After figure 10-8, add the following text: It would be tedious for every user to put settings in their private initializa- tion files, so the shells also read a system-wide default file. For the Bourne shell family, it is /etc/profile, while the C shell family has three files: /etc/csh.login to be executed on login, /etc/csh.cshrc to be executed when a new shell is started after you log in, and /etc/csh.logout to be executed when you stop a shell. The start files are executed before the corresponding indi- vidual files. In addition, login classes (page 141) offer another method of setting environ- ment variables at a global level. Changing your shell ___________________ The FreeBSD installation gives root a C shell, csh. This is the traditional Berkeley shell, but it has a number of disadvantages: command line editing is very primitive, and the script language is significantly different from that of the Bourne shell, which is the de facto standard for shell scripts: if you stay with the C shell, you may still need to understand the Bourne shell. The lat- est version of the Bourne shell sh also includes some command line editing. See page 148 for details of how to enable it. You can get better command line editing with tcsh, in the Ports Collection. You can get both better command line editing and Bourne shell syntax with bash, also in the Ports Collection. If you have root access, you can use vipw to change your shell, but there's a more general way: use chsh (Change Shell). Simply run the program. It starts your favourite editor (as defined by the EDITOR environment variable). Here's an example before: #Changing user database information for velte. Shell: /bin/csh Full Name: Jack Velte Location: Office Phone: Home Phone: You can change anything after the colons. For example, you might change this to: #Changing user database information for velte. Shell: /usr/local/bin/bash Full Name: Jack Velte Location: On the road Office Phone: +1-408-555-1999 Home Phone: chsh checks and updates the password files when you save the modifications and exit the editor. The next time you log in, you get the new shell. chsh tries to ensure you don't make any mistakes--for example, it won't let you enter the name of a shell which isn't mentioned in the file /etc/shells--but it's a very good idea to check the shell before logging out. You can try this with su, which you normally use to become super user: bumble# su velte Password: su-2.00$ note the new prompt There are a couple of problems in using tcsh or bash as a root shell: o The shell for root must be on the root file system, otherwise it will not work in single user mode. Unfortunately, most ports of shells put the shell in the directory /usr/local/bin, which is almost never on the root file sys- tem. o Most shells are dynamically linked: they rely on library routines in files such as /usr/lib/libc.a. These files are not available in single user mode, so the shells won't work. You can solve this problem by creating statically linked versions of the shell, but this requires programming experience beyond the scope of this book. If you can get hold of a statically linked version, perform the following steps to install it: o Copy the shell to /bin, for example: # cp /usr/local/bin/bash /bin o Add the name of the shell to /etc/shells, in this example the line in bold print: # List of acceptable shells for chpass(1). # Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using # one of these shells. /bin/sh /bin/csh /bin/bash You can then change the shell for root as described above. Thanks to Lars Koller for drawing this to my attention. Page 160 ________ Replace the text at the fourth bullet with the augmented text: The second-level boot locates the kernel, by default the file /kernel on the root file system, and loads it into memory. It prints the Boot: prompt at this point so that you can influence this choice--see the man page on page 579 for more details of what you can enter at this prompt. Page 176 ________ Add the following paragraph Unmounting file systems When you mount a file system, the system assumes it is going to stay there, and in the interests of efficiency it delays writing data back to the file system. This is the same effect we discussed on page 158. As a result, if you want to stop using a file system, you need to tell the system about it. You do this with the umount command. Note the spelling--there's no n in the command name. You need to do this even with read-only media such as CD-ROMs: the system as- sumes it can access the data from a mounted file system, and it gets quite un- happy if it can't. Where possible, it locks removable media so that you can't remove them from the device until you unmount them. Using umount is straightforward: just tell it what to unmount, either the de- vice name or the directory name. For example, to unmount the CD-ROM we mounted in the example above, you could enter one of these commands: # umount /dev/cd1a # umount /cd1 Before unmounting a file system, umount checks that nobody is using it. If somebody is using it, it will refuse to unmount it with a message like umount: /cd1: Device busy. This message often occurs because you have changed your di- rectory to a directory on the file system you want to remove. For example (which also shows the usefulness of having directory names in the prompt): === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) /cd1 16 -> umount /cd1 umount: /cd1: Device busy === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) /cd1 17 -> cd === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) ~ 18 -> umount /cd1 === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) ~ 19 -> Thanks to Ken Deboy for pointing out this omission. Page 197, first line ____________________ The text of the first full sentence reads: The first name, up the the symbol, is the label. In fact, it should read: The first name, up to the | symbol, is the label. Page 208, middle of page ________________________ The example shows the file name /dev/rst0 when using the Bourne shell, and /dev/nrst0 when using C shell and friends. This is inconsistent; use /dev/nrst0 with any shell if you want a non-rewinding tape, or /dev/rst0 if you want a rewinding tape. Thanks to Norman C Rice for pointing out this one. Page 219 ________ Before the section Testing the spooler add the following section: Starting the spooler ____________________ As we saw above, the line printer daemon lpd is responsible for printing spooled jobs. If you're root, you can start it by name: # lpd Normally, however, you will want it to be started automatically when the system starts up. You do this by setting the variable lpd_enable in /etc/rc.conf: lpd_enable="YES" # Run the line printer daemon See page 1609 for more details of /etc/rc.conf. Thanks to Tommy G. James for bringing this to my atten- tion. Page 242 ________ The instructions for extracting the source files from CD-ROM in the middle of page 242 are incorrect. You'll find the kernel sources on the first CD-ROM in the directory /src. Replace the example with: # mkdir -p /usr/src/sys # ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys # cd / # cat /cdrom/src/sys.* | tar xzvf - Thanks to Raymond Noel and Suttipan Limanond for finding this one. Page 283, ``Creating the source tree'' ______________________________________ Add a third point to what you need to know: 3. Possibly, the date of the last update that you want to be included in the checkout. If you specify this date, cvs ignores any more recent updates. This option is often useful when somebody discovers a recently introduced bug in -CURRENT: you check out the modules as they were before the bug was introduced. You specify the date with the -D option, for example -D "10 December 1997". Page 285, after the second example. ___________________________________ Add the text: If you need to check out an older version, for example if there are problems with the most recent version of -CURRENT, you could enter: # cvs co -D "10 December 1997" src/sys This command checks out the kernel sources as of 10 December 1997. Page 364, middle of page ________________________ Change the text from: The names MYADDR and HISADDR are keywords which represent the addresses at each end of the link. They must be written as shown, though they may be in lower case. to The names MYADDR and HISADDR are keywords which represent the addresses at each end of the link. They must be written as shown, though newer versions of ppp allow you to write them in lower case. Thanks to Mark S. Reichman for this correction. Page 368 ________ Replace the paragraph after the second example with: In FreeBSD version 3.0 and later, specify the options PPP_BSDCOMP and PPP_DE- FLATE to enable two kinds of compression. You'll also need to specify the cor- responding option in Kernel PPP's configuration file. These options are not available in FreeBSD version 2. Thanks to Brian Somers for this information. Page 397 ________ In the section ``Nicknames'', the example should read: www IN CNAME freebie ftp IN CNAME presto In other words, there should be a space between CNAME and the system name. Page 466, before the ps example _______________________________ Add another bullet: o Finally, you may find it convenient to let some other system handle all your mail delivery for you: you just send anything you can't deliver locally to this other host, which sendmail calls a smart host. This is particularly convenient if you send your mail with UUCP. To tell sendmail to use a smart host (in our case, mail.example.net), find the following line in sendmail.cf: # "Smart" relay host (may be null) DS Change it to: # "Smart" relay host (may be null) DSmail.example.net Page 478, ``Running Apache'' ____________________________ The text describes the location of the server as /usr/local/www/server/httpd. This appears to depend on where you get the port from. Some people report the file being at the more likely location /usr/local/sbin/httpd (though note the directory sbin, not bin). Check both locations if you run into trouble. Thanks to Sue Blake for this information. Page 492 ________ Replace references to nmdb with nmbd. Page 493 ________ Replace the last paragraph on the page with: socket options is hardly mentioned in the documentation, but it's very impor- tant: many Microsoft implementations of TCP/IP are inefficient and establish a new TCP more often than necessary. Select the socket options TCP_NODELAY and IPTOS_LOWDELAY, which can speed up the response time of such applications by over 95%. To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-questions" in the body of the message