Date: Mon, 5 Mar 2007 16:08:17 GMT From: Alex Kozlov<spam@rm-rf.kiev.ua> To: freebsd-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org Subject: docs/109929: [patch] sync sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 with sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8 Message-ID: <200703051608.l25G8HDS007479@www.freebsd.org> Resent-Message-ID: <200703051610.l25GA6pp062254@freefall.freebsd.org>
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>Number: 109929 >Category: docs >Synopsis: [patch] sync sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 with sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8 >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: low >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: sw-bug >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Mon Mar 05 16:10:06 GMT 2007 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Alex Kozlov >Release: >Organization: private >Environment: >Description: sync sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 with sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8 >How-To-Repeat: >Fix: Patch attached with submission follows: --- /usr/src/sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 +++ fdisk.8.new @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8,v 1.15 2004/07/02 21:45:01 ru Exp $ .\" -.Dd October 4, 1996 +.Dd Feb 27, 2007 .Dt FDISK 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm fdisk -.Nd PC partition table maintenance program +.Nd PC slice table maintenance utility .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .\" !PC98 .Op Fl BIaistu .Op Fl Bastu -.Op Fl b Ar bootcode -.Op Fl 1234 +.\" !PC98 .Op Fl b Ar bootcode +.Op Fl 12345678 .Op Ar disk .Nm .Fl f Ar configfile @@ -21,68 +21,74 @@ In order for the BIOS to boot the kernel, certain conventions must be adhered to. Sector 0 of the disk must contain boot code, -a partition table, +a slice table, and a magic number. -BIOS partitions can be used to break the disk up into several pieces. +BIOS slices can be used to break the disk up into several pieces. The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number. The sector -0 boot code then searches the partition table to determine which -partition is marked -.Em active . +0 boot code then searches the slice table to determine which +slice is marked +.Dq active . This boot code then brings in the bootstrap from the -.Em active -partition and, if marked bootable, runs it. -Under DOS, -you can have one or more partitions with one -.Em active . -The DOS +active slice and, if marked bootable, runs it. +Under +.Tn DOS , +you can have one or more slices with one active. +The +.Tn DOS .Nm -utility can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one -.Em active . +utility can be used to divide space on the disk into slices and set one +active. .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fx -.Nm -utility serves a similar purpose to the DOS program. +utility, +.Nm , +serves a similar purpose to the +.Tn DOS +utility. The first form is used to -display partition information or to interactively edit the partition +display slice information or to interactively edit the slice table. -The second is used to write a partition table using a -.Ar configfile +The second is used to write a slice table using a +.Ar configfile , and is designed to be used by other scripts/programs. .Pp Options are: -.Bl -tag -width time +.Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a -Change the active partition only. +Change the active slice only. Ignored if .Fl f is given. -.It Fl b Ar bootcode -Get the boot code from the file -.Ar bootcode . +.\" !PC98 .It Fl b Ar bootcode +.\" Get the boot code from the file +.\" .Ar bootcode . +.\" Default is +.\" .Pa /boot/mbr . .It Fl B Reinitialize the boot code contained in sector 0 of the disk. -Ignored -if +Ignored if .Fl f is given. .It Fl f Ar configfile -Set partition values using the file +Set slice values using the file .Ar configfile . The .Ar configfile -always modifies existing partitions, unless +always modifies existing slices, unless .Fl i -is also given, in which case all existing partitions are deleted (marked -as "unused") before the +is also given, in which case all existing slices are deleted (marked +as +.Dq unused ) +before the .Ar configfile is read. The .Ar configfile -can be "-", in which case -.Ar stdin -is read. +can be +.Sq Fl , +in which case standard input is read. See .Sx CONFIGURATION FILE , below, for file syntax. @@ -90,28 +96,28 @@ .Em WARNING : when .Fl f -is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the partition +is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the slices table (as you are in the interactive mode). Use with caution! -.\" !PC98 -.\" .It Fl i -.\" Initialize sector 0 of the disk. This implies +.\" !PC98 .It Fl i +.\" Initialize sector 0 of the disk. +.\" This implies .\" .Fl u , .\" unless .\" .Fl f .\" is given. .\" .It Fl I .\" Initialize the contents of sector 0 -.\" with one -/\" .Fx -/\" slice covering the entire disk. +.\" for one +.\" .Fx +.\" slice covering the entire disk. .It Fl s Print summary information and exit. .It Fl t -Test mode; do not write partition values. +Test mode; do not write slice values. Generally used with the .Fl f -option to see what would be written to the partition table. +option to see what would be written to the slice table. Implies .Fl v . .It Fl u @@ -125,32 +131,28 @@ .Fl f is used, .Nm -prints out the partition table that is written to the disk. +prints out the slice table that is written to the disk. .It Fl 12345678 -Operate on a single fdisk entry only. +Operate on a single slice table entry only. Ignored if .Fl f is given. .El .Pp The final disk name can be provided as a -.Sq bare +.Dq bare disk name only, e.g.\& -.Ql da0 , -or as a fully qualified device node under -.Pa /dev . -If omitted, the disks -.Ql wd0 , -.Ql da0 , -and -.Ql od0 -are being searched in that order, until one is -being found responding. +.Pa da0 , +or as a full pathname. +If omitted, +.Nm +tries to figure out the default disk device name from the +mounted root device. .Pp -When called with no arguments, it prints the sector 0 partition table. +When called with no arguments, it prints the sector 0 slice table. An example follows: .Bd -literal - ******* Working on device /dev/rda0 ******* + ******* Working on device /dev/da0 ******* parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are: cylinders=33075 heads=8 sectors/track=32 (256 blks/cyl) @@ -202,155 +204,149 @@ <UNUSED> .Ed .Pp -The disk is divided into three partitions that happen to fill the disk. -The second partition overlaps the end of the first. -(Used for debugging purposes) -.Bl -tag -width "cyl, sector and head" -.It Em "sysmid" -is used to label the partition. +The disk is divided into two slices that happen to fill the disk. +.Bl -tag -width ".Em cyl , sector No and Em head" +.It Em sysmid +is used to label the slice. .Fx reserves the magic number 148 decimal (94 in hex). -.It Em start No and Em size +.It Xo +.Em start +and +.Em size +.Xc fields provide the start address -and size of a partition in sectors. +and size of a slice in sectors. .\" !PC98 .It Em "flag 80" -.\" specifies that this is the active partition. -.It Em cyl , sector No and Em head -fields are used to specify the beginning address -and end address for the partition. -.It Em "system Name" +.\" specifies that this is the active slice. +.It Xo +.Em cyl , sector +and +.Em head +.Xc +fields are used to specify the beginning and end addresses of the slice. +.It Xo +.Em "system Name" +.Xc is the name of the partition. -.It Em Note : +.El +.Pp +.Em Note : these numbers are calculated using BIOS's understanding of the disk geometry and saved in the bootblock. -.El .Pp -The flags +The .\" .Fl i -.\" or +.\" and .Fl u -are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated, unless the +flag are used to indicate that the slice data is to be updated. +Unless the .Fl f -option is used. -If the -.Fl f -option is not used, the +option is also given, .Nm -utility will enter a conversational mode. -This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to. -The +will enter a conversational mode. +In this mode, no changes will be written to disk unless you explicitly tell .Nm -utility selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior. +to. .Pp -It displays each partition -and ask if you want to edit it. +The +.Nm +utility will display each slice and ask whether you want to edit it. If you say yes, -it will step through each field showing the old value -and asking for a new one. -When you are done with a partition, .Nm -will display it and ask if it is correct. -The +will step through each field, show you the old value, +and ask you for a new one. +When you are done with the slice, .Nm -utility will then proceed to the next entry. +will display it and ask you whether it is correct. +It will then proceed to the next entry. .Pp Getting the .Em cyl , sector , and .Em head -fields correct is tricky. -So by default, +fields correct is tricky, so by default, they will be calculated for you; -you can specify them if you choose. +you can specify them if you choose to though. .Pp -After all the partitions are processed, +After all the slices are processed, you are given the option to change the -.Em active -partition. -Finally, -when the all the data for the first sector has been accumulated, -you are asked if you really want to rewrite sector 0. -Only if you answer yes, -will the data be written to disk. -.Pp -The difference between the -.Fl u -flag and -.Fl i -flag is that -the -.Fl u -flag just edits the fields as they appear on the disk. -While the -.Fl i -flag is used to "initialize" sector 0; -it will setup the last BIOS partition to use the whole disk for -.Fx ; -and make it active. +.Dq active +slice. +Finally, when all the new data for sector 0 has been accumulated, +you are asked to confirm whether you really want to rewrite it. +.\" !PC98 .Pp +.\" The difference between the +.\" .Fl u +.\" and +.\" .Fl i +.\" flags is that +.\" the +.\" .Fl u +.\" flag just edits (updates) the fields as they appear on the disk, +.\" while the +.\" .Fl i +.\" flag is used to +.\" .Dq initialize +.\" sector 0; +.\" it will set up the last BIOS slice to use the whole disk for +.\" .Fx +.\" and make it active. .Sh NOTES The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc.\& uses -a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the -geometry of the drive. -These figures are by default taken from the incore disklabel, -but the program initially gives you an opportunity to change them. -This allows the user to create a bootblock that can work with drives +a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks the +geometry of the drive is. +These figures are taken from the in-core disklabel by default, +but +.Nm +initially gives you an opportunity to change them. +This allows you to create a bootblock that can work with drives that use geometry translation under the BIOS. .Pp If you hand craft your disk layout, please make sure that the .Fx -partition starts on a cylinder boundary. +slice starts on a cylinder boundary. A number of decisions made later may assume this. (This might not be necessary later.) .Pp -Editing an existing partition will most likely cause you to -lose all the data in that partition. +Editing an existing slice will most likely result in the loss of +all data in that slice. .Pp -You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it -works. +You should run +.Nm +interactively once or twice to see how it works. This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question in the negative. -There are subtleties that the program detects that are -not fully explained in this manual page. +There are subtleties that +.Nm +detects that are not fully explained in this manual page. .Sh CONFIGURATION FILE When the .Fl f -option is given, a disk's partition table can be written using values +option is given, a disk's slice table can be written using values from a .Ar configfile . -The syntax of this file is very simple. -Each line is either a comment or -a specification, and whitespace (except for newlines) are ignored: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -.It Xo +The syntax of this file is very simple; +each line is either a comment or a specification, as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Ic # Ar comment ... +Lines beginning with a .Ic # -.Ar comment ... -.Xc -Lines beginning with a "#" are comments and are ignored. -.It Xo -.Ic g -.Ar spec1 -.Ar spec2 -.Ar spec3 -.Xc -Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations. +are comments and are ignored. +.It Ic g Ar spec1 spec2 spec3 +Set the BIOS geometry used in slice calculations. There must be three values specified, with a letter preceding each number: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -.Sm off -.It Cm c Ar num -.Sm on +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Cm c Ns Ar num Set the number of cylinders to .Ar num . -.Sm off -.It Cm h Ar num -.Sm on +.It Cm h Ns Ar num Set the number of heads to .Ar num . -.Sm off -.It Cm s Ar num -.Sm on +.It Cm s Ns Ar num Set the number of sectors/track to .Ar num . .El @@ -358,7 +354,7 @@ These specs can occur in any order, as the leading letter determines which value is which; however, all three must be specified. .Pp -This line must occur before any lines that specify partition +This line must occur before any lines that specify slice information. .Pp It is an error if the following is not true: @@ -369,12 +365,14 @@ .Ed .Pp The number of cylinders should be less than or equal to 1024, but this -is not enforced, although a warning will be output. +is not enforced, although a warning will be printed. Note that bootable .Fx -partitions (the "/" file system) must lie completely within the +slices (the +.Dq Pa / +file system) must lie completely within the first 1024 cylinders; if this is not true, booting may fail. -Non-bootable partitions do not have this restriction. +Non-bootable slices do not have this restriction. .Pp Example (all of these are equivalent), for a disk with 1019 cylinders, 39 heads, and 63 sectors: @@ -383,15 +381,9 @@ g h39 c1019 s63 g s63 h39 c1019 .Ed -.It Xo -.Ic p -.Ar partition -.Ar type -.Ar start -.Ar length -.Xc -Set the partition given by -.Ar partition +.It Ic p Ar slice type start length +Set the slice given by +.Ar slice (1-4) to type .Ar type , starting at sector @@ -400,27 +392,35 @@ .Ar length sectors. .Pp -Only those partitions explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified; -any partition not referenced by a "p" line will not be modified. -However, if an invalid partition table is present, or the +Only those slices explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified; +any slice not referenced by a +.Ic p +line will not be modified. +However, if an invalid slice table is present, or the .Fl i -option is specified, all existing partition entries will be cleared -(marked as unused), and these "p" lines will have to be used to -explicitly set partition information. -If multiple partitions need to be -set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each partition. +option is specified, all existing slice entries will be cleared +(marked as unused), and these +.Ic p +lines will have to be used to +explicitly set slice information. +If multiple slices need to be +set, multiple +.Ic p +lines must be specified; one for each slice. .Pp -These partition lines must occur after any geometry specification lines, +These slice lines must occur after any geometry specification lines, if one is present. .Pp The .Ar type is 165 for .Fx -partitions. -Specifying a partition type of zero is -the same as clearing the partition and marking it as unused; however, -dummy values (such as "0") must still be specified for +slices. +Specifying a slice type of zero is +the same as clearing the slice and marking it as unused; however, +dummy values (such as +.Dq 0 ) +must still be specified for .Ar start and .Ar length . @@ -429,55 +429,56 @@ necessary, and the end offset will be rounded downwards to a cylinder boundary if necessary. .Pp -Example: to clear partition 4 and mark it as unused: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -p 4 0 0 0 -.Ed +Example: to clear slice 4 and mark it as unused: .Pp -Example: to set partition 1 to a +.Dl "p 4 0 0 0" +.Pp +Example: to set slice 1 to a .Fx -partition, starting at sector 1 +slice, starting at sector 1 for 2503871 sectors (note: these numbers will be rounded upwards and downwards to correspond to head and cylinder boundaries): -.Bd -literal -offset indent -p 1 165 1 2503871 -.Ed -.It Xo -.Ic a -.Ar partition -.Xc +.Pp +.Dl "p 1 165 1 2503871" +.Pp +.It Ic a Ar slice Make -.Ar partition -the active partition. +.Ar slice +the active slice. Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only one must be present. .Pp -Example: to make partition 1 the active partition: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -a 1 -.Ed -.El -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width /boot/mbr -compact -.It Pa /boot/mbr -The default boot code +Example: to make slice 1 the active slice: +.Pp +.Dl "a 1" .El +.\" !PC98 .Sh FILES +.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/mbr" -compact +.\" .It Pa /boot/mbr +.\" The default boot code. +.\" .El .Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr disklabel 8 +.Xr boot98cfg 8 , +.Xr bsdlabel 8 , +.Xr newfs 8 .Sh BUGS -The default boot code will not necessarily handle all partition types -correctly, in particular those introduced since MS-DOS 6.x. +The default boot code will not necessarily handle all slice types +correctly, in particular those introduced since +.Tn MS-DOS +6.x. .Pp -The entire program should be made more user-friendly. +The entire utility should be made more user-friendly. .Pp -Throughout this man page, the term -.Sq partition -is used where it should actually be -.Sq slice , -in order to conform with the terms used elsewhere. +Most users new to +.Fx +do not understand the difference between +.Dq slice +and +.Dq partition , +causing difficulty to adjust. .Pp You cannot use this command to completely dedicate a disk to .Fx . The -.Xr disklabel 8 +.Xr bsdlabel 8 command must be used for this. >Release-Note: >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted:
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