From owner-freebsd-arch Fri Oct 29 8: 2:38 1999 Delivered-To: freebsd-arch@freebsd.org Received: from ns1.yes.no (ns1.yes.no [195.204.136.10]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FA8014BF7 for ; Fri, 29 Oct 1999 08:02:36 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from eivind@bitbox.follo.net) Received: from bitbox.follo.net (bitbox.follo.net [195.204.143.218]) by ns1.yes.no (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA25136 for ; Fri, 29 Oct 1999 17:02:35 +0200 (CEST) Received: (from eivind@localhost) by bitbox.follo.net (8.8.8/8.8.6) id RAA39265 for freebsd-arch@freebsd.org; Fri, 29 Oct 1999 17:02:34 +0200 (MET DST) Received: by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix, from userid 608) id BB45314BF7; Fri, 29 Oct 1999 08:02:28 -0700 (PDT) From: "Jonathan M. Bresler" To: peter.jeremy@alcatel.com.au Cc: freebsd-arch@freebsd.org In-reply-to: <99Oct29.085056est.40332@border.alcanet.com.au> (message from Peter Jeremy on Fri, 29 Oct 1999 08:55:57 +1000) Subject: Re: Storing small files in inodes Message-Id: <19991029150228.BB45314BF7@hub.freebsd.org> Date: Fri, 29 Oct 1999 08:02:28 -0700 (PDT) Sender: owner-freebsd-arch@FreeBSD.ORG Precedence: bulk X-Loop: FreeBSD.ORG > > >I vaguely remember a paper on the topic. > I was sure I wasn't the first one to think of this. > http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/ana97/ganger.html With embedded inodes, the inodes for most files are stored in the directory with the corresponding name, removing a physical level of indirection without sacrificing the logical level of indirection. With explicit grouping, the data blocks of multiple small files named by a given directory are allocated adjacently and moved to and from the disk as a unit in most cases. Measurement for our C-FSS implementation show that embedded inodes and explicit grouping have the potential to increase small file throughput (for both reads and writes) by a factor of 5-7 compared to the same file system without these techniques. The improvement comes directly from reducing the number of disk accesses required by an order of magnitude. Preliminary experience with software-development applications shows performance improvements ranging from 30-300 percent. jmb To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-arch" in the body of the message