Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 11:55:46 -0500 From: Jerry McAllister <jerrymc@msu.edu> To: Deian Popov <deianp@gmail.com> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: expanding /usr Message-ID: <20080204165546.GE7685@gizmo.acns.msu.edu> In-Reply-To: <bfc2b10c0802040212u5fb598f7s9f69343a46b75232@mail.gmail.com> References: <bfc2b10c0802040212u5fb598f7s9f69343a46b75232@mail.gmail.com>
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On Mon, Feb 04, 2008 at 12:12:49PM +0200, Deian Popov wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I would like to expand /usr of FreeBSD 6.2. I plan to get a new HDD, format
> it and create slices. But how to proceed after that? Do I just mount it over
> the existing /usr or is there any additional steps that must be performed?
Probably the easiest thing is to create a large partition on the new disk
and then move some of the big stuff over there and create a symlink
to it. /usr/local and /usr/src are often good candidates.
To do that, create the partition using fdisk (for the slice), then
bsdlabel (for the partitions) and finally newfs to create a filesystem
on each partition.
Then, mount the partition to a nice mnemonically named mount point.
I often use /work or even /junk, but you choose.
(presuming the new disk is ad0 - second IDE or SATA, your new big
partition is partition e and you want to mount it as work and /usr/local
and /usr/src are hogging to much of your /usr space)
mkdir /work
mount /dev/ad1s1f /work
Then use tar to move the contents of /usr/local and /usr/src
You can pipe a tar to a tar, but I tend to prefer to tar to a file
and then untar from that file. I feel safer.
cd /usr/local
tar cvpf /work/loc.tar * (you can skip the 'v' if it annoys you)
cd /work (I use it to see that things are moving)
mkdir usr.local
cd usr.local
tar xvpf ../usr.local
Now, check out the new stuff just to feel confident it got there.
cd /work/usr.local
look in some files
Create the sym link
cd /usr
mv local old.local
ln -s /work/usr.local local
Check out the link - do a 'cd /usr/local' and make sure it gets you
in to /work/usr.local,
then go back and rm the /usr/old.local and the /work/loc.tar and you
are all set.
Do the same for /usr/src
cd /usr/src
tar cvpf /work/src.tar *
cd /work
mkdir usr.src
cd usr.src
tar xpvf ../usr.tar
Check it out and then,
cd /usr
mv src old.src
ln -s /work/usr.src src
Check out the link
cd /usr
rm old.src
rm /work/usr.tar
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Another way is to make a whole new partition on the new disk just for /usr.
First, determine how much space you need for it.
Go in to /root and use 'du'
cd /
du -sk * (or du -sm * or whatever multiplier you want,
'k' makes it list in kilobytes, 'm' in megabytes, etc)
Multiply the /usr size by about 2 and create at least one partition on
the new disk that suits that size. - 2 gives room for expansion - if you
plan to do a lot of installing from ports, or whatever, than maybe you
need much more room than that. I would go for >10 GBytes if you plan
to build a lot of stuff.
Once you get your new disk sliced, partitioned and filesystems build
and have made mount points and mounted them, then use dump/restore to
move stuff to the new partition and redo the mounts.
mkdir /newusr
mount /dev/ad1s1e /newusr (presuming it is partition 'e' on SATA disk 1)
cd /newusr
dump 0af - /usr | restore -rf -
Take a look at a few files to make sure it all went well.
Fix the mount in fstab and remount /usr and /newusr
umount /newusr
umount /usr
mount /dev/ad1s1e /usr
vi /etc/fstab Edit the /usr line so it mounts /dev/ad1s1e instead
of /dev/ad0s1f or whatever it is.
Clean up a little
cd /
rmdir newusr
You should then be just fine.
You can reuse the /dev/ad0s1f space, formerly mounted as /usr for
something else. I would suggest [carefully] rm-ing all files in
the old /usr space before trying to use it.
cd /
mkdir /play
mount /dev/ad0s1f /play
cd /play
pwd Make sure where you are
rm -rf * do this carefully. If you are in the wrong place
it is a disaster.
vi /etc/fstab Edit by dup-ing the /usr line and modifying it
to be mounting /dev/ad0s1f on /play but with other
info being the same.
Now you have some space in /play you can play with.
By the way, if you are not up-to-date on your FreeBSD version, this
would also be a good time to take care of that.
////jerry
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