From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Jun 17 18:37:56 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B5EF35785E for ; Wed, 17 Jun 2020 18:37:56 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.17.10]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49nDMl0L9Zz4JZx for ; Wed, 17 Jun 2020 18:37:54 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([178.8.33.9]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue106 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1MC3L9-1jbyqT1gAX-00CPnx; Wed, 17 Jun 2020 20:37:52 +0200 Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2020 20:37:52 +0200 From: Polytropon To: Michael Sierchio Cc: FreeBSD Questions Subject: Re: Why does FreeBSD not use the Linux kernel? Message-Id: <20200617203752.05e35582.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: References: <3a48ab1ab198c330400be3e942f921f2cd3c3e11.camel@tom.com> <20200617141857.b208232a.freebsd@edvax.de> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:StutaSjX9VtMLJvf/xOFrcJDP55IU73r4To4/iL8v03CXqRvEQJ nZsd9zDQsMg5YRTRBHG4wwn/dOPh8U5rQXMM4vtt77wfEw6FwdujDDb7JuCR5f+rcZ8gCgD oKlPdXjZmSayUoR6X93wTGv7P/DtykRWAgEi4M9vLdj382/uOX4OOFGmaPqtp7RsuP+R1jH M//mlHBue8SefkR0siA6w== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:8Uw0P3V/iq0=:JKIfKZUX7QM5IeQp2yzOa6 qAvCMRbkKo/XZrGeyKEg9dH0Lityj5W4OSTkMvvLSJAPTuJJZImWJ3ufmqSG/BL69BkYTPQ6u ABDzdU5jxL2mXjAV8+eJidoGOq++E8BLiE9O8jfyjIN+6kRxagZaRrv3p7zzQftc2weliPCpE so6FynbkMGKdSOJF3YffrJ4SSqIPPXpgEn40u+34/gyWiML1fbqDb9EoFuaxhq9ZwSOd/GCc8 2ufG9t8RrPdBYtwSw5N53M0sjw3TFyKvoFL+0oH7QajaTALDwfzIyU6xI8Vxumzs0HXaFIXSO yYHO7kcdjYe2ymv3b7djZ/7VXLnG1dQ8Fox0CMI3RhvZ/4KgCi2nOPc7t/IJyGDrbXBcqknaI 3ldfoIbVwLr+PZOE7kQ6lF9wyc+xq3Qk0xl2meb38I8y/x2JEJiZCfX2vOJnzhXKk86dXYdp6 P0CAhp8TilFHgDikGfWIKURoslE21Y3Z6fqJqwly9vBi62177Wsi8atOKjv4EpVCrdQyBAtR5 GwqTRd7dE08R9eNbs5BR7iywskI2MmnO6hVKktRQ16L6MScsOrx8bmwpw7pTR8HXphshIlrdL r4pNHhb93G2wClbfaQrWYEsINjvvf9qeNB3xBUw5Z1NA6BkAz6UmSSG2Z9wLOrf5j32tbm4T6 IZ6Y8EAqMWRpyFBcwSJsbW5ScBwgNYHU1uBP6g9Vddrosm+hwlGIS/Tz9+9say1xRECm+M8uo 9skuM9ei3iNhPE/+LywMaVPZd9uCyIpijA8gqxatlSy5H+In8NSqaWQoDQRK4NQpASkBdnFxP HFCtXXnvH8qB5CYuSTI1CrSCnhKzvcCdNuC2vnP0upmbS8q23M= X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 49nDMl0L9Zz4JZx X-Spamd-Bar: +++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.17.10) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [3.62 / 15.00]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[178.8.33.9:received]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.20)[0.196]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.44)[-0.445]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.47)[0.472]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[212.227.17.10:from]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[212.227.17.10:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.33 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2020 18:37:56 -0000 On Wed, 17 Jun 2020 10:55:14 -0700, Michael Sierchio wrote: > On Wed, Jun 17, 2020 at 5:19 AM Polytropon wrote: > > > On Wed, 17 Jun 2020 11:33:25 +0800, kindu smith wrote: > > > Why does FreeBSD not use the Linux kernel? The structure of FreeBSD is > > > very good, such as the startup and directory structure, and the user > > > island program. The only shortcoming is poor hardware support. This is > > > mainly due to the lack of drivers provided by the kernel. > > > > While there are certain basic drivers in the kernel, the > > majority of drivers is provided by loadable kernel modules, > > either developed by the FreeBSD team itself, or available > > from the ports collection. They use interfaces provided by > > the kernel. > > > > > The chief difference from my perspective is that it is possible in FreeBSD > to create a monolithic kernel and prohibit the loading of kernel modules, > foiling one step in the chain of a rootkit. It's especially convenient for > embedded devices, security appliances, etc. Before the KLD infrastructure became that universal, it was quite common to create your kernel configuration file specifically for the hardware you wanted to run the system on, and add kernel features as needed, so everything and _only_ the needed components would be in the resulting kernel. Another option was to create a very minimalistic kernel, then build and load only the modules needed. Today the GENERIC kernel supports a lot of hardware out of the box, and required modules can often be loaded automatically, initiated by userland processes, if you want (like from a rc.conf setting or even dynamically via devd). You can still choose what fits your needs best. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...