From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Feb 15 19:03:53 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 026EC244F5E for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 19:03:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.126.134]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48KfmR4gLzz4ct0 for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 19:03:51 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([178.12.119.79]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue009 [212.227.15.167]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1MVNF1-1iw8ri2bep-00SNK4; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 20:03:49 +0100 Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 20:03:49 +0100 From: Polytropon To: "Steve O'Hara-Smith" Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Technological advantages over Linux Message-Id: <20200215200349.89881363.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: <20200215083848.ca1d5b3d463e50da5947a381@sohara.org> References: <20200214121620.GA80657@admin.sibptus.ru> <20200214195430.25365f87@moonstudio> <7371554e-82a3-a7aa-b764-ae2627e241d3@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20200214203134.17f6d4bd@moonstudio> <20200215064911.GF1482@admin.sibptus.ru> <20200215083848.ca1d5b3d463e50da5947a381@sohara.org> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:n+Wynx1JQvTp66CsBf/z4fb/DvXZztwafqQAubEsFJ3qfYbQJ0/ pKfHRxnugLUcoa4MyAI1h4/EyJWOSVjpSXfmUuYex2HZbhpBwbcqGM5+1Hj6VubhzNI+RI4 IoYsF3kPXkWfgzul8kEbTiZflbmVHYBex5xp6BjWLZtUP+PDBPMWEjjk3+szQOOO6FaiMOY wfNYNfFvd9WqzIjPdRP3A== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:fgZoO3Rc/mM=:BOv9s0yXXJ7CjD9V42+C+1 H3fUPCErBiczmJipluEVzmyssMD+fnI3oRDS3zRkstlUkpFfk1UF4yg++CKLV0ZiiELDoDErE QJI0pqsOEgFbp3tuPISJh4YkL/fwj/HJxJGiH5/1k8+jMLV900rklTXH0bO6hWf0bXsfxYNfP q/Spt6QlyKZ4YPRZHHameI+LluKm+wlSQe0ubJG0UX/3UB6YZLoIGu0Wez9pSwYwN/vcVwKJQ QPzvcMazi7dVkmSfyAngpbPPnIbHiLhBopv5dFgWPxbq8Q6LXYIqXusTA0KaO/nGa1fOuu/jX T+pCSCvl9rY5bPb13uIJm9LRiH74SMrQrOg+bm/tO9vTMWC/AIhRjFrLBtRGXhrFYtIR2d/iP 9ucoAEIvm2E5/wVfMcdJNph569d4ZIovhIkau3/JaVUEU4t3eQN3vtEW9wMvX1lmWpbMdDSrC VKplrKQblPnU3SvHW9XtrFsufTWkZCQgVGyFr8w/H6bYt0gYTDPYrNnBFzBpQPrJccKKxzVu7 6A/jFjTpLZvX7QOHAhkyNzwJ/1xNEv0kNiRGH4/gIHFlX3EQVDFWsaiUCo7hqOLXZ77cGtGdP 5OlkYGEc8NQbtioj8jZkzxcnhbAZ8cJk0wJYwP9ELo7HoaiJBxevwDxyOikaCDuSLknPhA/9d JUhjdObcW+nSrBJITMsmjuPtrfTCkfy42SW9WdWzC0FnJzKWFGZ3IbPti7Y/IGCpfX4EIyvTQ pE+z+jEERi3eqU1pSUWwSfgRxIajnQKe7YQwcxwRw8lzQZTUwpslVVDEYb/5Tg97X/XnhQEGM RjQljSaBxMjLjvIeoPaFbO/w9haysazaB2Or/xkN30pi2e0SW1SjwnGLi2r37xB4iTAHL+9 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48KfmR4gLzz4ct0 X-Spamd-Bar: ++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.126.134) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.91 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[79.119.12.178.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.99)[0.992,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.998,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[134.126.227.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.52)[ip: (1.56), ipnet: 212.227.0.0/16(-1.12), asn: 8560(2.21), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 19:03:53 -0000 On Sat, 15 Feb 2020 08:38:48 +0000, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > On Sat, 15 Feb 2020 13:49:11 +0700 > Victor Sudakov wrote: > > > Ralf Mardorf via freebsd-questions wrote: > > > > > > An update never ever would replace /etc/foo.conf . On Arch Linux it > > > would be stored as /etc/foo.conf.pacnew , almost all Linux distros > > > provide such a solution, but the admin is screwed, if an update does > > > add a file to /etc/foo.d/ . > > > > FreeBSD has taken this path too (looking at /etc/rc.conf.d/, /etc/cron.d > > and numerous others). > > FreeBSD has used this approach to carefully separate default > configuration from user provided configuration - the directories are > generally for sysadmins the files for the distribution. Interesting way to look at it. Maybe it's worth mentioning that OpenBSD emphasizes a similar approach: *.conf are provided by the OS, and *.conf.local contains alternations and additions by the sysadmin. FreeBSD also offers this mechanism for rc.conf with a "hierarchy": /etc/defaults/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local || /etc/rc.conf.d/* Here, "||" means "parallel", quasi-parallel, as "man 5 rc.conf" doesn't indicate a specific precedence... ;-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...