Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 16:48:54 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44809 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail Message-ID: <201405111648.s4BGms31071087@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Sun May 11 16:48:54 2014 New Revision: 44809 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44809 Log: Editorial review of Replacing MTA chapter. Add needed periodic.conf entries and update mailer.conf with Postfix example. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml Sun May 11 15:21:54 2014 (r44808) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml Sun May 11 16:48:54 2014 (r44809) @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ postmaster@example.com postmast <authorgroup> <author><personname><firstname>Gregory</firstname><surname>Neil Shapiro</surname></personname><contrib>Information taken - from emails written by</contrib></author> + from emails written by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> </info> @@ -550,30 +550,22 @@ postmaster@example.com postmast <para>&os; comes with <application>Sendmail</application> already installed as the <acronym>MTA</acronym> which is in charge of - outgoing and incoming mail.</para> - - <para>However, the system administrator can change the system's - <acronym>MTA</acronym>. The reasons for doing so range from - wanting to try out another <acronym>MTA</acronym> to needing a - specific feature or package which relies on another - <acronym>MTA</acronym>. Whatever the reason, &os; makes it - easy to make the change.</para> - - <sect2> - <title>Install a New <acronym>MTA</acronym></title> - - <para>A wide choice of <acronym>MTA</acronym>s is available - from the <literal>mail</literal> category of the <link - linkend="ports">&os; Ports Collection</link>.</para> - - <para>Once a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed, configure - the new software and decide if it really fulfills your needs - before replacing <application>Sendmail</application>.</para> - - <para>Refer to the new chosen <acronym>MTA</acronym>'s - documentation for information on how to configure the - software.</para> - </sect2> + outgoing and incoming mail. However, the system administrator + can change the system's <acronym>MTA</acronym>. A wide choice + of alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s is available from the + <literal>mail</literal> category of the &os; Ports + Collection.</para> + + <para>Once a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed, configure + and test the new software before replacing + <application>Sendmail</application>. Refer to the documentation + of the new <acronym>MTA</acronym> for information on how to + configure the software.</para> + + <para>Once the new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is working, use the + instructions in this section to disable + <application>Sendmail</application> and configure &os; to use + the replacement <acronym>MTA</acronym>.</para> <sect2 xml:id="mail-disable-sendmail"> <title>Disable <application>Sendmail</application></title> @@ -586,14 +578,13 @@ postmaster@example.com postmast their results by email. Many parts of the system expect a functional <acronym>MTA</acronym>. If applications continue to use <application>Sendmail</application>'s binaries to try - to send email they are disabled, mail could go into an - inactive <application>Sendmail</application> queue, and + to send email after they are disabled, mail could go into an + inactive <application>Sendmail</application> queue and never be delivered.</para> </warning> <para>In order to completely disable - <application>Sendmail</application>, including the outgoing - mail service, add or edit the following lines in + <application>Sendmail</application>, add or edit the following lines in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO" @@ -602,90 +593,99 @@ sendmail_outbound_enable="NO" sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"</programlisting> <para>To only disable <application>Sendmail</application>'s - incoming mail service, set</para> + incoming mail service, use only this entry in + <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"</programlisting> - <para>in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. More information + <para>More information on <application>Sendmail</application>'s startup options is available in &man.rc.sendmail.8;.</para> </sect2> <sect2> - <title>Running the New <acronym>MTA</acronym> on Boot</title> + <title>Replace the Default <acronym>MTA</acronym></title> - <para>The new <acronym>MTA</acronym> can be started during - boot by adding a configuration line to - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This example enables the + <para>When a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed using the + Ports Collection, its startup script is also installed and + startup instructions are mentioned in its package message. + Before starting the new <acronym>MTA</acronym>, stop the + running <application>Sendmail</application> processes. This + example stops all of these services, then starts the + <application>Postfix</application> service:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sendmail stop</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput>service postfix start</userinput></screen> + + <para>To start the replacement <acronym>MTA</acronym> at system boot, + add its configuration line to + <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This entry enables the Postfix <acronym>MTA</acronym>:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; echo -'<replaceable>postfix</replaceable>_enable=<quote>YES</quote>' ->> /etc/rc.conf</screen> + <programlisting>postfix_enable="YES"</programlisting> - <para>The specified <acronym>MTA</acronym> will now be - automatically started during boot.</para> - </sect2> + <para>Some extra configuration is needed as + <application>Sendmail</application> is so ubiquitous that some software assumes + it is already installed and configured. Check + <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename> and make sure that + these values are set to <literal>NO</literal>. If this file + does not exist, create it with these entries:</para> + + <programlisting>daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO" +daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO" +daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO" +daily_submit_queuerun="NO"</programlisting> - <sect2> - <title>Replacing <application>Sendmail</application> as - the System's Default Mailer</title> - - <para><application>Sendmail</application> is so ubiquitous as - standard software on &unix; systems that some software assumes - it is already installed and configured. For this reason, many - alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s provide their own + <para>Some alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s provide their own compatible implementations of the <application>Sendmail</application> command-line interface in - order to facilitate using them as <quote>drop-in</quote> - replacements for <application>Sendmail</application>.</para> + order to facilitate using them as drop-in + replacements for <application>Sendmail</application>. + However, some <acronym>MUA</acronym>s may + try to execute standard + <application>Sendmail</application> binaries instead of the + new <acronym>MTA</acronym>'s binaries. &os; uses + <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> to map the expected + <application>Sendmail</application> binaries to the location of the new + binaries. More information about this mapping can be found in + &man.mailwrapper.8;.</para> - <para>When using an alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>, - make sure that software trying to execute standard - <application>Sendmail</application> binaries, such as - <filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename>, actually execute - the chosen mailer instead. Fortunately, &os; provides a - system called &man.mailwrapper.8; for this purpose.</para> - - <para>When <application>Sendmail</application> is operating - as installed, - <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> will look like + <para>The default + <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> looks like this:</para> - <programlisting>sendmail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -send-mail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting> + <programlisting># $FreeBSD$ +# +# Execute the "real" sendmail program, named /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +# +sendmail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +send-mail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting> <para>When any of the commands listed on the left are run, the system actually executes the associated command shown on - the right instead. This system makes it easy to change what + the right. This system makes it easy to change what binaries are executed when these default - <filename>Sendmail</filename> functions are invoked.</para> - - <para>As an example, to run - <filename>/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat</filename> - instead of <application>Sendmail</application>, specify the - paths to the installed applications in - <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename>:</para> - - <programlisting>sendmail /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat -send-mail /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat -mailq /usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat -newaliases /usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat -hoststat /usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat -purgestat /usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat</programlisting> - </sect2> + binaries are invoked.</para> - <sect2> - <title>Finishing</title> + <para>Some <acronym>MTA</acronym>s, when installed using the + Ports Collection, will prompt to update this file for the new + binaries. For example, <application>Postfix</application> + will update the file like this:</para> + + <programlisting># +# Execute the Postfix sendmail program, named /usr/local/sbin/sendmail +# +sendmail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail +send-mail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail +mailq /usr/local/sbin/sendmail +newaliases /usr/local/sbin/sendmail</programlisting> - <para>Once everything is configured, either kill the - unneeded <application>sendmail</application> processes and - start the processes belonging to the new software, or - reboot. Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that + <para>Once everything is configured, it is recommended to + reboot the system. Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that the system is correctly configured to start the new <acronym>MTA</acronym> automatically on boot.</para> </sect2>
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