Date: Mon, 04 Jun 2001 04:08:48 -0400 From: Sam Stern <samstern@samstern.net> To: questions@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: Migration planning Hard drive configuration OpenBSD -> FreeBSD Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.2.20010604025031.02d597f0@mail.internal.samstern.net>
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Hi All,
At work, we use some FreeBSD servers and I really need to learn more about
the day to day operations of FreeBSD. So I plan to migrate my home gateway
and mail server to FreeBSD - Stable 4.3 from OpenBSD 2.8 (stable). However,
there seems to be several "gotcha's" and area of planning needed. This
email represents the Disk Subsystem issues that I think I need help with.
1) Currently, the system contains two IDE UDMA/33 Hard drives: System Files
(5 GB) and Home files (10 GB). Here is the Partition Breakdown of the drives:
# df -hi
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on
/dev/wd0a 991M 45M 897M 5% 3013 246073 1% /
/dev/wd0d 484M 1.0K 460M 0% 1 121853 0% /tmp
/dev/wd0e 1.9G 1.2G 683M 64% 141694 356480 28% /usr
/dev/wd0f 991M 145M 797M 15% 1402 247684 1% /var
/dev/wd1a 9.3G 3.1G 5.7G 35% 242922 23681812 1% /home
A note regarding inodes: when originally formatted, /home experienced inode
exhaustion because of the raw number of files in the main maildir. Thus,
the number of inodes was increased. clearly I added too many inodes that
time :> But I was not going to fix the issue as it would have taken a
considerable amount of time to do so. That's doubly true now that my mail
feed is live.
1a) System Drive. the swap is not active on this drive as I prefer not to
use swap on the same channel as the live drive; it's there in the even of
need.
--
fdisk: 1> p
Disk: wd0 geometry: 637/255/63 [10233405 sectors]
Offset: 0 Signatures: 0xAA55,0x0
Starting Ending
#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
1: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
2: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
*3: A6 0 1 1 - 636 254 63 [ 63 - 10233342] OpenBSD
--
# disklabel wd0
# using MBR partition 3: type A6 off 63 (0x3f) size 10233342 (0x9c25fe)
# /dev/rwd0c:
type: ESDI
disk: ESDI/IDE disk
label: Maxtor 85250D6
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 15
sectors/cylinder: 945
cylinders: 10856
total sectors: 10259160
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # microseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # microseconds
drivedata: 0
16 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
a: 2096892 63 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 0*- 2218)
b: 500 2096955 swap # (Cyl. 2219 - 2219*)
c: 10259160 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 10856*)
d: 1023880 2097455 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 2219*- 3302)
e: 4193910 3121335 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 3303 - 7740)
f: 2096955 7315245 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 7741 - 9959)
g: 846960 9412200 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 9960 - 10856*)
--
1b) /Home drive. I use maildir and email accounts for almost all storage,
the numbers of inodes was increased at format time. Also, this is an old
Windows Fat32 storage drive and thus has some odd partition issues that do
not effect operations. Lastly, the swap partition is active on this drive
as it's on a seperate channel and build occur off the first drive.
# fdisk wd1
Disk: wd1 geometry: 1023/255/63 [16434495 sectors]
Only LBA values are valid in ending cylinder for partition #0.
Offset: 0 Signatures: 0xAA55,0xE23A8B11
Starting Ending
#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: 0F 1 0 1 - 1023 254 63 [ 16065 - 26539380] Extended LBA
1: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
2: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
3: 00 0 0 1 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
Only LBA values are valid in ending cylinder for partition #0.
Offset: 16065 Signatures: 0xAA55,0x0
Starting Ending
#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: 0B 1 1 1 - 1023 254 63 [ 16128 - 26539317] Win95 FAT-32
1: 00 1 0 1 - 0 254 63 [ 16065 - 0] unused
2: 00 1 0 1 - 0 254 63 [ 16065 - 0] unused
3: 00 1 0 1 - 0 254 63 [ 16065 - 0] unused
--
# disklabel wd1
disklabel: warning, DOS partition table with no valid OpenBSD partition
# /dev/rwd1c:
type: ESDI
disk: ESDI/IDE disk
label: Maxtor 91360D8
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 16
sectors/cylinder: 1008
cylinders: 16383
total sectors: 26563824
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # microseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # microseconds
drivedata: 0
16 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
a: 25539696 1024128 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 1016 - 26352)
b: 1024065 63 swap # (Cyl. 0*- 1015)
c: 26563824 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 26352)
Okay so that leads to my questions:
A] For the First drive, how should I partition it so that my preferred
breakdown of (/ /var /usr /tmp) is maintained. Of Concern here is that
FreeBSD is alleged to have a Cylinder 1024 boot issue. Should I add a /root
slice to Drive #1 (adding it to drive #2 will impact IMAP performance) and
resize / to be below cylinder 1024 (e.g. no more than 499MB in
size)? Also, are there any other issues of which I should be aware?
The plan is a fresh format of Drive 1 with important backups in a tar ball
on backup media and drive 2
B] Drive #2 (wd1) contains my maildir for qmail and courier IMAP and I
would prefer to leave that drive "as is" ( leave the file system as
OpenBSD). So long as I am careful about the GID/UID in the new OS, will
this work sans performance penalty (I do not use soft updates)? The Idea is
to mount /home right from this drive if possible. While I can certainly
reformat (and fix the Partition issues while I'm at it) if needed, that
will increase migration time considerably as a bz2 file of the salient
maildir + various configuration files is about 400MB (down from it's
uncompressed ~1.3 GB).
C] Drive #2 has a currently non-fatal partition issue where there exits a
Fat32 signature I could not remove without destroying the MBR (which I
forgot to perform when I converted this drive to OpenBSD last year). Will
FreeBSD be as forgiving as OpenBSD is about this slight Partition table issue?
thanks, in advance, for any help you can provide!
Sam Stern
Bethesda, MD, USA
mailto:samstern@samstern.net
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