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Date:      Thu, 25 Apr 1996 15:43:15 -0700 (MST)
From:      Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org>
To:        matt@xanadu2.net (Matthew Z. Stout)
Cc:        questions@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject:   A: Installing a second disk drive
Message-ID:  <199604252243.PAA25630@phaeton.artisoft.com>
In-Reply-To: <317FC95A.200F@xanadu2.net> from "Matthew Z. Stout" at Apr 25, 96 12:50:02 pm
next in thread | previous in thread | raw e-mail | index | archive | help 
> I have sent several pieces of e-mail in the past few days, and am in 
> desperate need of a reply.  I need to know the exact procedure for 
> preparing a new hard drive for use in a FreeBSD 2.1 machine.  I have a 
> 2.2 gig SCSI-2 hard drive, and have been struggling with fdisk and 
> newfs for a week now.  I simply need someone to outline the proper 
> steps for use of fdisk, newfs and mount in the installation of this 
> hard drive.

This is covered both in the handbook and in the -questions archive.

Undoubtedly, a search didn't find it because someone used the
subject "Need Help!!!" or something similar instead of using
something like "Q: Installing a second disk drive".


Here are the long and short versions.  If you are not running
-current or a recent snap, you will need to use the long
version.


					Terry Lambert
					terry@lambert.org
---
Any opinions in this posting are my own and not those of my present
or previous employers.
===========================================================================
This should be the handbook entry:

] Hmm.. I have a feeling this is 'unsupported' to say the least, but
] after mucking around with fdisk and disklabel, and still getting
] errors from newfs, I wound up doing 
] 
] 	<change to console 0>
] 	login as root
] 	cd /stand
] 	./sysinstall
] 
] now do "partition" (or whatever the first selection is) 
] After defining everything on the right disk, hit "w" to go into wizard
] mode. From here, do "write".
] Then repeat with "label" (or whatever the second selection is).
] Exit, and newfs
] 
] No warranties, but this worked for me when adding the 4th SCSI disk. 
] 
]  -Terje
] ____________________________________________________________________
] Terje Thoegersen, Systems Consultant | terje.thogersen@hda.hydro.com
] Norsk Hydro a.s, Hydro Data	     | Tel   : +47 2273 9298  
] P.O.Box 200, 			     | Fax   : +47 2273 9614 
] 1321 Stabekk, Norway    	     | Pager :     966 32801

Here is the "long form":

] Again,
] 
] Here is Seppo Kalio's excellent documentation on how to add a second 
] disk.
] 
] 
] Thanks for everyone who did help me! I hope we did all learn 
] something.
] 
] I have now done this about 10 times and now I feel I know something 
] about it.
] 
] I agree with John Capo <jc@irbs.com> that it is trivial after you 
] know how
] to do it ;-). And I agree that the biggest problem is fdisk. It is 
] not
] trivial what parameters you have change and how! The disklabel -e -r 
] sd1 is
] not so hard to use. Nor newfs or mount ;-)
] 
] 
] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
] Here final (?) text how to do it. Or how I have done it.
] 
] In an example here I have 80MB SCSI disk (in a AHA 2940 controller),
] FreeBSD 2.0.5R.
] 
] You have to start with fdisk (# -lines written by me):
] 
] # fdisk -i -u /dev/rsd1
] ******* Working on device /dev/rsd1 *******
] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
] 
]  Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
] 
] # The cylinder count is nonsence, the disk is 80-81 MB,
] # so it should be 80 or 81. Head and sector count OK.
] # On all Adaptec controlled disks heads=64 and sectors=32
] # The head count has nothing to do with the disk drive hardware
] # head count. Same with cylinder and sector count.
] 
] Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks ? [n] n
] 
] # Wrong cylinder count does not matter, forward!
] 
] Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
] 
] # This should be: "First sector must be 1"
] 
] Information from DOS bootblock is:
] The data for partition 0 is:
] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
] 
] # Sysid you must know it is 165, it is zero when you have empty disk
] # Where are the docs about this?
] 
]     start 32, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 80
]         beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
]         end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] Do you want to change it? [n] y
] Supply a decimal value for "sysid" [0] 165   # FreeBSD = 165
] Supply a decimal value for "start" [0] 0     # 0 (32  on bootdisk?)
] Supply a decimal value for "size" [0] 163840 # This comes from 
] 80*32*64
] # If bootdisk, you must substract 2048 (=32*64) ?????????
] Explicitly specifiy beg/end address ? [n] y
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning cylinder" [0]  # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning head" [0]      # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning sector" [0] 1  # Must be 1 (*
] Supply a decimal value for "ending cylinder" [0] 79  # Cylinders 0 to 
] 79=80
] Supply a decimal value for "ending head" [0] 63      # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "ending sector" [0] 32    # (*
] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
]     start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
]         beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
]         end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] Are we happy with this entry? [n]
] 
] # (* are same to all disks in Adaptec SCSI controllers.
] # Ending cylinder is same number as the MB count minus one (here 
] 80-1)
] 
] The data for partition 1 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] The data for partition 2 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] The data for partition 3 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] Do you want to change the active partition? [n] n
] 
] We haven't changed the partition table yet.  This is your last 
] chance.
] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
] 
]  Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
] 
] Information from DOS bootblock is:
] 0: sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
]     start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
]         beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
]         end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] 1: <UNUSED>
] 2: <UNUSED>
] 3: <UNUSED>
] Should we write new partition table? [n] y  # if all is correct
] 
] # you will get following error message, forget it.
] 
] ioctl DIOCWLABEL: Operation not supported by device
] 
] # Then start disklabel -e -r sd1
] 
] # You will get a screen something like:
] 
] 
] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
] # /dev/rsd1c:
] type: SCSI
] disk: d80mb
] label:
] flags:
] bytes/sector: 512
] sectors/track: 32
] tracks/cylinder: 64
] sectors/cylinder: 2048
] cylinders: 80
] sectors/unit: 165888
] rpm: 3600                     # If this is zero, put here 3600
] interleave: 1                 # If this is zero, put here 1
] trackskew: 0
] cylinderskew: 0
] headswitch: 0           # milliseconds
] track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
] drivedata: 0
] 
] 3 partitions:                 # Uh?
] #        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
]   c:   163840        0    unused        0     0         # (Cyl.    0 
] - 79)
] 
] --------------------------------------------------------------------------
] 
] # c: is the whole disk, do not touch it!
] 
] # I want to add one 10MB swap to this disk, rest space for files.
] # So I write to extra lines (before the c: -line):
] 
]   a:   143840    20000    4.2BSD      0     0
]   b:    20000        0      swap
] 
] # Note: the sum of size fields is a+b=c. The offset is the starting
] # block number of the partition. When swap starts from 0 and is
] # 20000 blocks then next  partition starts from 20000.
] # The extra zeroes on a: line mus be there!
] 
] # There it is. Exit from editor, if errors try to correct.
] 
] # Next make filesystem:
] 
] # newfs /dev/rsd1a
] Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder (4096) disagrees with disk 
] label (2048)
] Warning: 3136 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
] /dev/rsd1a:     123840 sectors in 31 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 
] sectors
]         60.5MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 7680 i/g)
] super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
]  32, 65568,
] 
] # So some sectors could be defined more .. this terminology is 
] awfull:
] # Here newfs is speaking about 3136 sectors. In fdisk we define that
] # the disk has 32 sectors!
] # These must be blocks of 512 bytes, or what are they???? 3136 blocks
] # is 1605632 bytes that is 1.6MB. The actual size of my disk is more
] # than 80MB, it is about 81 MB.
] 
] # And mount it:
] 
] # mount /dev/sd1a /mnt
] # df
] Filesystem       1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
] /dev/sd0a            96143    30253    58198    34%    /
] /dev/sd0s1f        1404471   741255   550858    57%    /home
] /dev/sd0s1e         387503   273317    83185    77%    /usr
] procfs                   4        4        0   100%    /proc
] kaarna:/home/www   1518207  1310531    86219    94%    /opt/www
] /dev/sd1a            59951        1    55153     0%    /mnt
] 
] # If you get to this point, you are lucky. It is not easy. The
] # fdisk is the hardest part.
] 
] Seppo
] 
] 
] 
] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
]   Andrew Webster   Network Manager / Special Projects
]   Dataradio Inc.   200-5500 Royalmount Ave.      TEL: +1 514 737 0020
]   Town of Mount Royal, QC, CANADA  H4P 1H7       FAX: +1 514 737 7883
]   http://www.dataradio.com              Email: awebster@dataradio.com
===========================================================================

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