Date: Sun, 5 Oct 1997 20:05:44 +0200 (CEST) From: Martin Kammerhofer <dada@sbox.tu-graz.ac.at> To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: docs/4698: Handbook's script for making repair floppy doesn't work Message-ID: <199710051805.UAA01774@lend.tu-graz.ac.at> Resent-Message-ID: <199710051900.MAA04455@hub.freebsd.org>
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>Number: 4698
>Category: docs
>Synopsis: Handbook's script for making repair floppy doesn't work
>Confidential: no
>Severity: non-critical
>Priority: medium
>Responsible: freebsd-bugs
>State: open
>Class: doc-bug
>Submitter-Id: current-users
>Arrival-Date: Sun Oct 5 12:00:01 PDT 1997
>Last-Modified:
>Originator: Martin Kammerhofer
>Organization:
Graz University of Technology
>Release: FreeBSD 2.2.2-RELEASE i386
>Environment:
>Description:
In handbook/hw.sgml "10.5.9.5. Emergency Restore Procedure" is a
shell-script given, which demonstrates how to create a repair floppy
if the standard boot/fixit floppys cannot be used. (Due to a
non-GENERIC harddisk configuration).
I tried this script with 2.2.2 and it fails, because the floppy is
full before everything gets copied to it.
>How-To-Repeat:
Copy the script from /usr/src/share/doc/handbook/hw.sgml and run it.
(You have to build a MINI kernel in order to do that).
>Fix:
I modified it a bit, compressing the kernel now with kzip(1) to have
enough space on the floppy an clearing up a few other things.
It is tested (w/o actually restoring data) and works quite well under
2.2.2.
Re-check and replace/modify that script in hw.sgml.
Try booting the floppy it creates.
===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE =====
#! /bin/sh
#
# create a restore floppy
#
# formats the floppy without asking questions
#
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
KERNEL=${1:-"MINI"}
FLP=${2:-"fd0"}
#
# exit on errors
#
set -e
[ -d /sys ] || ln -s /usr/src/sys /
#
# check for kernel
#
if [ ! -x /sys/compile/${KERNEL}/kernel ]
then
cat << EOM
The ${KERNEL} kernel does not exist, please create one.
Here is an example config file:
#++++++++++++++++++ cut here please ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#
# ${KERNEL} -- A minimum kernel to get FreeBSD onto a floppy.
#
# This is for three SCSI disks (NCR contr.) and two IDE disks (on 1st contr.).
#
machine "i386"
cpu "I486_CPU"
ident ${KERNEL}
maxusers 5
options INET # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat
# _udpstat _tcpstat _udb
options FFS #Berkeley Fast File System
options FAT_CURSOR #block cursor in syscons or pccons
options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device
options NCONS=4 #4 virtual consoles
options USERCONFIG #Allow user configuration with -c XXX
config kernel root on sd0 swap on sd0 and sd1 dumps on sd0
controller isa0
controller pci0
controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr
disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0
device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr
device npx0 at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr
# SCSI section
controller ncr0
controller scbus0
device sd0
device sd1
device sd2
device st0
# IDE section
controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr
device wd0
device wd1
# end of IDE section
pseudo-device loop # required by INET
pseudo-device gzip # Exec gzipped a.out's
#++++++++++++++++++ cut here please ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
EOM
exit 1
fi
umount -v /dev/${FLP}a 2>/dev/null && \
echo >&2 "error: ${FLP} is mounted" && exit 2 || true
echo -n "Formatting floppy..................................."
fdformat -q ${FLP} && echo "done." && \
fdformat -v ${FLP} || {
echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one!"
exit 1
}
# place boot blocks on the floppy
#
echo "Writing bootblocks."
disklabel -w -B -b /usr/mdec/fdboot -s /usr/mdec/bootfd /dev/r${FLP}c fd1440
#
# newfs the one and only partition
#
echo "Making filesystem."
newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 0 -o space /dev/r${FLP}a
#
# mount the new floppy
#
echo "Mounting floppy."
mount -v /dev/${FLP}a /mnt
trap "df -ki /mnt; echo Unmounting floppy.; umount -v /mnt" 0 2 # on exit/intr.
#
# create required directories
#
mtree -e -f /etc/mtree/BSD.root.dist -p /mnt -U >/dev/null
#
# populate the directories
#
echo "Compressing kernel."
kzip /sys/compile/${KERNEL}/kernel # compress kernel
echo "Populating filesystem."
cp /sys/compile/${KERNEL}/kernel.kz /mnt/kernel
[ -r /sys/i386/conf/${KERNEL} ] && cp /sys/i386/conf/${KERNEL} /mnt
gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init
gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck
gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount
gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt
gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore
gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh
ln /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/-sh
gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync
cp /root/.profile /mnt/root
# MAKEDEV would require "sh test expr mknod chown rm..." to work!
# so it's of no use on floppy
ln -sf /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev
(cd /mnt/dev && /dev/MAKEDEV fd0 vty4 std st0 sd0 sd1 sd2 wd0 wd1)
rm -f /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev/fd/?? # save some inodes
chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init
chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt
chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync
chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore
tr '@' '\0' >/mnt/bin/tcat <<'EOM'
#! /bin/sh
# tcat - a simple cat for textfiles only, simulated with sh(1)
# won't echo incomplete lines (with missing newline)
for f in $*; do
IFS='@'; # there's an ascii NUL here between the apostrophes!
exec < $f && while read line; do
echo $line
done
done
EOM
chmod 555 /mnt/bin/tcat
#
# create minimum filesystem table
#
cat > /mnt/etc/fstab <<EOM
/dev/fd0a / ufs rw 1 1
EOM
#
# create minimum profile
#
cat > /mnt/etc/profile <<EOM
set -E
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/mnt/bin:/mnt/sbin:/mnt/usr/bin:/mnt/usr/sbin
export PATH
EOM
exit 0
===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE ===== CUT HERE =====
Some additional notes:
/etc/[master.]passwd and [s]pwd.db are not really required, single
user booting (as stated in hw.sgml) is also not required.
Since this floppy has a very limited command set (until something
else is mounted into your path) I have added a 'tcat' command, to
look at textfiles. With this and 'echo *' as a 'ls' replacement one
doesn't feel completely blind in such an extremely stripped down
environment.
BTW, I'm aware that this kind of bootfloppy creation is suboptimal.
I have made bootfloppies with crunched binaries and a MFS root-fs
(like install floppy, only better) but - of course - that's too
complex for the handbook and rarely needed. (Dynamic linking would
be another option, only libc is rather big).
>Audit-Trail:
>Unformatted:
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