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Date:      Thu, 29 Nov 2001 09:06:43 -0800
From:      Luigi Rizzo <luigi@FreeBSD.org>
To:        Peter Wemm <peter@wemm.org>
Cc:        cvs-committers@FreeBSD.org, cvs-all@FreeBSD.org
Subject:   NFS and unaligned accesses (was  Re: cvs commit: src/sys/pci if_sis.c)
Message-ID:  <20011129090643.E19821@iguana.aciri.org>
In-Reply-To: <20011129064805.C37793808@overcee.netplex.com.au>
References:  <20011128141510.A13586@iguana.aciri.org> <20011129064805.C37793808@overcee.netplex.com.au>

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[Peter suggested some code to test the performance impact
of unaligned accesses]

Interesting code, thanks Peter.

I actually used it to check how bcopy() behaves for unaligned accesses,
and the results are again very dependent on alignment (on my 1.5GHz P4,
offset from 0 to 15 give different results, tabulated below, which
repeat modulo 16). Sure, here I am mostly testing the cache, but
the results seems to suggest that if there is a misalignment penalty,
that affects bcopy as well.

So to go back where this came from, and hopefully disprove
what I always considered to be an urban legend:

the "sis" and other drivers do an m_devget() (which involves a
bcopy) to make sure that buffers are aligned (to a 32 bit boundary,
probably) in the upper level layers. On architectures which trap
on unaligned accesses there is no other way, but on the i386 at
least, the bcopy() just makes you pays the cost of misalignment in
advance (and even when you do not need e.g. because you
are forwarding traffic or handling TCP, which has its own
alignment constraints and more often than not ends up in userspace).

The remedy seems as bad or worse than the evil.

	cheers
	luigi

---- execution time of a simple bcopy(src, dst+offset, 1500) ---

	offset	time

	0	2.018u 0.007s 0:02.19 91.7%     5+177k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	1	8.251u 0.007s 0:08.84 93.3%     5+172k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	2	8.273u 0.000s 0:08.83 93.6%     5+173k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	3	8.211u 0.023s 0:08.90 92.4%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	4	3.694u 0.015s 0:03.97 93.1%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	5	8.330u 0.038s 0:08.96 93.3%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	6	8.331u 0.038s 0:08.99 92.9%     5+177k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	7	8.346u 0.015s 0:09.00 92.7%     5+173k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	8	2.721u 0.000s 0:02.90 93.7%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	9	8.360u 0.023s 0:08.97 93.4%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	10	8.349u 0.023s 0:08.94 93.5%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	11	8.337u 0.031s 0:08.99 92.9%     5+174k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	12	3.690u 0.024s 0:03.96 93.6%     5+170k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	13	8.385u 0.054s 0:09.02 93.4%     5+175k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	14	8.409u 0.015s 0:09.02 93.2%     5+174k 0+0io 0pf+0w
	15	8.365u 0.023s 0:09.01 93.0%     5+176k 0+0io 0pf+0w

----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Luigi RIZZO, luigi@iet.unipi.it  . ACIRI/ICSI (on leave from Univ. di Pisa)
 http://www.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/  . 1947 Center St, Berkeley CA 94704
 Phone: (510) 666 2927
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------

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