Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2017 15:12:33 +0000 (UTC) From: Ruey-Cherng Yu <rcyu@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r50588 - head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds Message-ID: <201707271512.v6RFCXMX034685@repo.freebsd.org>
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Author: rcyu Date: Thu Jul 27 15:12:33 2017 New Revision: 50588 URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/50588 Log: Simplified Chinese Translation of the leap seconds article Submitted by: Guangyuan (Charlie) Yang <cyang@freebsdfoundation.org> Reviewed by: delphij Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D11739 Added: head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/ head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile (contents, props changed) head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml (contents, props changed) head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/zh_CN.po (contents, props changed) Added: head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile Thu Jul 27 15:12:33 2017 (r50588) @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# +# $FreeBSD$ +# +# Article: Leap Seconds + +DOC?= article + +FORMATS?= html +WITH_ARTICLE_TOC?= YES + +INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz +INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?= + +SRCS= article.xml + +URL_RELPREFIX?= ../../../.. +DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../.. + +.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk" Added: head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml Thu Jul 27 15:12:33 2017 (r50588) @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">; +<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="leapseconds" xml:lang="zh_CN"> + + <info> + <title>FreeBSD 对闰秒的支持</title> + + <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> + </info> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-definition"> + <title>介绍</title> + + <para><emphasis>闰秒</emphasis>是为了同步地球自转，而对原子钟标准时间所做的特定修正。本文描述了 FreeBSD 如何处理闰秒。</para> + + <para>截至本文完稿时，下一个闰秒将会发生在2015年6月30日23:59:60 UTC。这个闰秒将会发生在南北美洲和亚太地区的一个工作日里。</para> + + <para>闰秒是由 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link>; 在 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link> 上宣布的。</para> + + <para><link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link> 描述了闰秒的标准行为。也可参见 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-posix"> + <title>FreeBSD 对闰秒的默认处理方式</title> + + <para>处理闰秒最简单的方法是使用 FreeBSD 预设的 <acronym>POSIX</acronym> 时间规则, 以及 <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>。如果 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 正在运行，并且时间和正确处理闰秒的上游 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器同步，闰秒将使系统时间自动重复当天的最后一秒。不需要进行其它调整。</para> + + <para>如果上游的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器没有正确处理闰秒，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 会在错误的上游服务器发现错误并修正后，跟着加上一秒。</para> + + <para>如果未使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym>，将需要在闰秒过后手动调整系统时钟。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-cautions"> + <title>注意</title> + + <para>闰秒在全世界的同一瞬间插入：<acronym>UTC</acronym> 午夜。日本在上午，太平洋在正午，美洲在傍晚，而欧洲在晚上。</para> + + <para>我们相信并预期，如果提供了正确和稳定的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务，FreeBSD 会在闰秒时按设计运作，正如在之前遇到闰秒时一样。</para> + + <para>然而我们要警告，事实上没有应用程序会向内核询问关于闰秒的事。我们的经验是，闰秒正如设计的一样，本质上是闰秒前一秒的重播，这对大部分应用程序开发者来说是意想不到的事。</para> + + <para>其它操作系统和电脑可能会也可能不会像 FreeBSD 一样处理闰秒，没有正确和稳定 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务的系统一点也不知道闰秒的发生。</para> + + <para>电脑因为闰秒而崩溃并非闻所未闻，经验显示，大量的公共 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器可能会错误处理和公告闰秒。</para> + + <para>请试着确认不会因为闰秒而发生任何可怕的事情。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-testing"> + <title>测试</title> + + <para>测试是否将使用闰秒是可行的。由于 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 的性质，测试可能要运行到闰秒前24小时。有些主要的参考时钟来源只在闰秒事件前一小时公告。查询 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 守护进程：</para> + + <screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput></screen> + + <para>包含 <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> 的输出表明了对于闰秒的正确支持。<literal>leap_none</literal> 会在闰秒前24小时或闰秒过后显示。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-conclusion"> + <title>结论</title> + + <para>在实践中，FreeBSD 中的闰秒通常不是个问题。我们希望这篇文章能解释清楚这方面可能出现的状况，以及如何使闰秒事件进行得更顺利。</para> + </sect1> +</article> Added: head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/zh_CN.po ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/zh_CN.po Thu Jul 27 15:12:33 2017 (r50588) @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +# $FreeBSD$ +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-27 01:48-0400\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-27 01:47-0400\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: \n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.4\n" + +#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2 +msgctxt "_" +msgid "translator-credits" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: info/title +#: article.translate.xml:6 +msgid "FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds" +msgstr "FreeBSD 对闰秒的支持" + +#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate +#: article.translate.xml:8 +msgid "" +"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml 46895 " +"2015-06-29 16:41:41Z wblock $" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:12 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "介绍" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:14 +msgid "" +"A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an ad-hoc one-second correction to " +"synchronize atomic timescales with Earth rotation. This article describes " +"how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis>闰秒</emphasis>是为了同步地球自转，而对原子钟标准时间所做的特定修" +"正。本文描述了 FreeBSD 如何处理闰秒。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:19 +msgid "" +"As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 " +"UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South " +"America and the Asia/Pacific region." +msgstr "" +"截至本文完稿时，下一个闰秒将会发生在2015年6月30日23:59:60 UTC。这个闰秒将会发" +"生在南北美洲和亚太地区的一个工作日里。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:24 +msgid "" +"Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/" +"\"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> on <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter." +"iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link>." +msgstr "" +"闰秒是由 <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/\"><acronym>IERS</" +"acronym></link> 在 <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/" +"bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link> 上宣布的。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:28 +msgid "" +"Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</link>. Also see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</" +"link> 描述了闰秒的标准行为。也可参见 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> 。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:33 +msgid "Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD" +msgstr "FreeBSD 对闰秒的默认处理方式" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:35 +msgid "" +"The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> " +"time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html" +"\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the " +"time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that " +"handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to " +"automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are " +"necessary." +msgstr "" +"处理闰秒最简单的方法是使用 FreeBSD 预设的 <acronym>POSIX</acronym> 时间规则, " +"以及 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"network-ntp.html\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>。如果 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> 正在运行，并且时间和正确处理闰秒的上游 <acronym>NTP</acronym> " +"服务器同步，闰秒将使系统时间自动重复当天的最后一秒。不需要进行其它调整。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:44 +msgid "" +"If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds " +"correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant " +"upstream server has noticed and stepped itself." +msgstr "" +"如果上游的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器没有正确处理闰秒，" +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> 会在错误的上游服务器发现错误并修正后，跟着加上一秒。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:49 +msgid "" +"If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system " +"clock will be required after the leap second has passed." +msgstr "如果未使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym>，将需要在闰秒过后手动调整系统时钟。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:55 +msgid "Cautions" +msgstr "注意" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:57 +msgid "" +"Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: " +"<acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the " +"Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night." +msgstr "" +"闰秒在全世界的同一瞬间插入：<acronym>UTC</acronym> 午夜。日本在上午，太平洋在" +"正午，美洲在傍晚，而欧洲在晚上。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:62 +msgid "" +"We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable " +"<acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap " +"second, as it did during the previous ones." +msgstr "" +"我们相信并预期，如果提供了正确和稳定的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务，FreeBSD " +"会在闰秒时按设计运作，正如在之前遇到闰秒时一样。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:67 +msgid "" +"However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the " +"kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds " +"are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a " +"surprise to most application programmers." +msgstr "" +"然而我们要警告，事实上没有应用程序会向内核询问关于闰秒的事。我们的经验是，闰" +"秒正如设计的一样，本质上是闰秒前一秒的重播，这对大部分应用程序开发者来说是意" +"想不到的事。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:73 +msgid "" +"Other operating systems and other computers may or may not handle the leap-" +"second the same way as FreeBSD, and systems without correct and stable " +"<acronym>NTP</acronym> service will not know anything about leap seconds at " +"all." +msgstr "" +"其它操作系统和电脑可能会也可能不会像 FreeBSD 一样处理闰秒，没有正确和稳定 " +"<acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务的系统一点也不知道闰秒的发生。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:78 +msgid "" +"It is not unheard of for computers to crash because of leap seconds, and " +"experience has shown that a large fraction of all public <acronym>NTP</" +"acronym> servers might handle and announce the leap second incorrectly." +msgstr "" +"电脑因为闰秒而崩溃并非闻所未闻，经验显示，大量的公共 <acronym>NTP</acronym> " +"服务器可能会错误处理和公告闰秒。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:83 +msgid "" +"Please try to make sure nothing horrible happens because of the leap second." +msgstr "请试着确认不会因为闰秒而发生任何可怕的事情。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:88 +msgid "Testing" +msgstr "测试" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:90 +msgid "" +"It is possible to test whether a leap second will be used. Due to the nature " +"of <acronym>NTP</acronym>, the test might work up to 24 hours before the " +"leap second. Some major reference clock sources only announce leap seconds " +"one hour ahead of the event. Query the <acronym>NTP</acronym> daemon:" +msgstr "" +"测试是否将使用闰秒是可行的。由于 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 的性质，测试可能要运" +"行到闰秒前24小时。有些主要的参考时钟来源只在闰秒事件前一小时公告。查询 " +"<acronym>NTP</acronym> 守护进程：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen +#: article.translate.xml:96 +#, no-wrap +msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>" +msgstr "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:98 +msgid "" +"Output that includes <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> indicates proper " +"support of the leap second. Before the 24 hours leading up to the leap " +"second, or after the leap second has passed, <literal>leap_none</literal> " +"will be shown." +msgstr "" +"包含 <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> 的输出表明了对于闰秒的正确支持。" +"<literal>leap_none</literal> 会在闰秒前24小时或闰秒过后显示。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:105 +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "结论" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:107 +msgid "" +"In practice, leap seconds are usually not a problem on FreeBSD. We hope that " +"this overview helps clarify what to expect and how to make the leap second " +"event proceed more smoothly." +msgstr "" +"在实践中，FreeBSD 中的闰秒通常不是个问题。我们希望这篇文章能解释清楚这方面可" +"能出现的状况，以及如何使闰秒事件进行得更顺利。"
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